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Skeletal muscle contractionAll images in this document is removed due to copyright
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Ahmad Aulia Jusuf
Nani Cahyani Sudarsono
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• Fungsi utama otot sebagai penggerak tubuh melalui kontraksi serat otot yang menghasilkan kekuatan/tegangan otot (muscle tension)
• Anatomi mikroskopik otot hubungannya dengan 3 unit organisasi:– Konduksi – sarkolema– Kontrol – retikulum sarkoplasmik– Kontraksi – miofibril
• Dasar molekuler kontraksi otot: proses sliding of myofilaments secara berulang pada keadaan cukup tersedia ATP dan ion Ca
• Metabolisme kontraksi otot.• Jenis serat otot serta perannya dalam gerakan tubuh.
• Pengendalian gerakan tubuh.
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muscle moves the bodymuscle moves the body
through skeletal muscle contraction
that produce muscle tension
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Sarcomere
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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molecular basis of muscle contraction:
repeated sliding of myofilaments at sufficient ATP and Ca
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Muscle contraction animation:San Diego State University College of Sciences
Based in part onColor Atlas of Physiology, Agamemnon Despopoulos, Stefan SilbernaglThieme Medical Publishers, Inc. , 1991, New York
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/biology1_2/physiolect8.htm
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Musc
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Metabolism for muscle contraction
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Muscle Metabolism: Energy for Contraction
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Energy for ContractionEnergy for Contraction
Vander, Sherman, Luciano's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 9/e
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Energy for Contraction: ATP & Phosphocreatine
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Proteins
(http://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/kscott/images/titin.gif)
(http://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/kscott/images/titin.gif)
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Dystrophin Function
Protein similarity
-actinins
spectrins
Functional domains
amino terminus - 240 aa, binds F-actin
coiled-coiled rod - 2400 aa, longest section provides flexibility and elasticity
cysteine-rich - 280 aa, required for membrane attachment to -dystroglycan
carboxy terminus - 420 aa, contains potential phosphorylation sites, binds to syntrophins
Function
mechanical reinforcement of sarcolemma (in skeletal muscle)
signal transduction (control of muscle fiber caliber and size)
anchor or stabilizer of dystroglycans and sarcoglycans
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
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Metabolic Pathways
Glucose
glycolysis (TCA cycle)
glycogenolysis (TCA cycle)
Fatty acids
-oxidation (TCA cycle)
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Metabolic Pathways
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06 Metabolic Pathways
Nelson, D. L., and M. M. Cox. 2000. Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 3rd ed., p. 604. Worth Publishers, New York.
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Role of Calcium
Muscle contraction
troponin C
Glycogen breakdown
calmodulin (activates phosphorylase b kinase)
Citric acid cycle activation
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
isocitrate dehydrogenase
-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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Role of Calcium
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Muscle fiber and its role in movement
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Jenis serat otot serta perannya dalam gerakan tubuh
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Fiber Contraction Speed: Fast & Slow Twitch muscle fibers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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•Glycogen?•Myoglobin?•Capillary?•Diameter?
<<>>>><<
Metabolism? Myosin ATPase activity?
Time to develop max tension?Ca++-ATPase activity in SR?
Contraction duration?Endurance?
Use?
“RED” muscle fiber
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•Glycogen?•Myoglobin?•Capillary?•Diameter?
>><<<<>>
Metabolism? Myosin ATPase activity?
Time to develop max tension?Ca++-ATPase activity in SR?
Contraction duration?Endurance?
Use?
“WHITE” muscle fiber
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Pengendalian gerakan tubuh
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Control of movement
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Graded Muscle Responses
• Graded muscle responses are:– Variations in the degree of muscle contraction– Required for proper control of skeletal
movement
• Responses are graded by:– Changing the frequency of stimulation– Changing the strength of the stimulus
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Treppe: The Staircase Effect
Figure 9.16Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Stimulus Intensity and Muscle Tension
Figure 9.15 (a, b)Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Recruitment of Fibers: Graduated Force
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Coordinating the Fibers: Summation to Tetanus
Figure 12-17: Summation of contractions Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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CROSS BRIDGECROSS BRIDGEPOWER STROKE
GAYA MEKANIK
GERAKAN TUBUH
KONTRAKSI OTOTKONTRAKSI OTOT
SARAF MOTORIKSARAF MOTORIK
FREKUENSI & FREKUENSI & INTENSITASINTENSITAS
PERANGSANGANPERANGSANGAN
