SJSU GreenTalk Speaker Series, March 15 Nature-Based ... · PDF fileNature-Based Solutions for Coastal Risk Reduction ... SJSU GreenTalk Speaker Series, March 15th 2017 Dr. Siddharth

Nature-Based Solutions for Coastal Risk Reduction

How engineers, ecologists and economists can collaborate to bring theory to action

SJSU GreenTalk Speaker Series, March 15th 2017

Dr. Siddharth Narayan, University of California (UC) Santa Cruz

withMs. Dania Trespalacios, The Nature Conservancy

Prof. Michael W. Beck, UC Santa Cruz / The Nature ConservancyDr. Borja G. Reguero, UC Santa Cruz / The Nature Conservancy

Applied Science On The Edge …

Credits: http://ims-new.ucsc.edu/images/buildings-agencies-facilities-images/aerial-view-long-marine-lab.jpg?t=0

On a computer…

Credits: http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/r2da/images/f/f2/Hd_computer_guy_meme_by_zapgod16-d4t2jh3.png/revision/latest?cb=20151110005224

Who Are The Nature Conservancy?

https://www.nature.org/

What is the Coastal Resilience Program?

http://coastalresilience.org/

So, What Is Coastal Engineering?

Coastal Engineering – Origin Story

Lothal Dockyard, India, ~ 2300 BCE. Credits: https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/shipping-and-maritime-trade-of-the-indus-people/

“The high degree of engineering skill achieved … can be understood from the ingenious way in which they could regulate the flow of water into the dock at high and low tides. They could ensure flotation of ships in the basin by sliding a door in the vertical grooves of the flanking walls of the spillway at low water.”

Coastal Engineering – Origin Story

Port of Alexandria, Egypt, ~ 1900 BCE.

Harbor City of Ostia Antica, Rome, ~700 BC

Credits:http://www.ancientvine.com/avimage/alexandria_map.jpghttp://www.ostia-antica.org/

Coastal Engineering – Dealing with Disasters

1953 North Sea Flood in the Netherlands. Credits: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-21258217

1800 people killed47,300 buildings damaged30,000 animals drowned

• Seawalls• Sea dykes, levees• Beaches, dunes• Vegetated foreshores• Storm surge barriers• Offshore breakwaters, reefs• Land Claim

Coastal Engineering – Managing Risk At the Coastline

Protect

Accommodate

Retreat

• Flood proofing• Flood hazard mapping and

awareness• Flood warning and evacuation• Flood zoning / habitat restoration

• Coastal setbacks• Managed retreat/realignment

Adapted from Nicholls et al. 2007

• Seawalls• Sea dykes, levees• Beaches, dunes• Vegetated foreshores• Storm surge barriers• Offshore breakwaters, reefs• Land Claim

Protect

Accommodate

Retreat

• Flood proofing• Flood hazard mapping and

awareness• Flood warning and evacuation• Flood zoning / habitat restoration

• Coastal setbacks• Managed retreat/realignment

Adapted from Nicholls et al. 2007

Coastal Engineering – Managing Risk At the Coastline

Identify engineering design goals

Baseline evaluation

Identify engineering alternatives

Evaluate cost and effectiveness

Select best alternative(s)

Project need

Evaluate and test designs

Construct project

Monitor

Refine, verify and re-design

Coastal Engineering – From Design to Action

Credits: United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2002. Coastal Engineering Manual. Available at http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/USACE-Publications/Engineer-Manuals/?udt_43544_param_page=4

Credits: Slinger, J.H. (Jill) (2016) Engineering: Building with Nature 101x video #06 – Distilling Engineering Design Principles. TU Delft. Dataset. http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:f9099686-7dab-42ec-8da9-8cc961f393f3

Coastal Engineering – Design Principles

http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:f9099686-7dab-42ec-8da9-8cc961f393f3

Coastal Engineering – Dealing with Disasters

Delta Works Flood Protection, Rhine-Meuse Delta, Netherlands

Maeslantkering Storm Surge Barrier, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

"There was a national feeling of "never again" and that we should safeguard our nation and population from such threats from the sea and rivers. That has been translated into these very high standards of defences.“(Dutch River Water Authority official on the 1953 floods)

Credits:www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-21258217http://www.water-technology.net/projects/delta-works-flood-netherlands/http://www.lauwersmeer.org/tag/delta/

These Structures Are Remarkable…

Credits: https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/new-yorks-new-335-million-storm-surge-barrier-will-transform-the-lower-easthttp://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/642823/Thames-Barrier-closed-stop-London-flooding-Storm-Imogen

Rebuild By Design Project, New York, USA The Thames Barrier, London, UK

Credits: http://hoodline.com/2016/04/sf-port-says-seawall-fix-will-cost-up-to-5-billion https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2015/12/21/fema-grant-fund-seawall-project-sea-bright-and-monmouth-beachGittman, R.K., Fodrie, F.J., Popowich, A.M., Keller, D.A., Bruno, J.F., Currin, C.A., Peterson, C.H. and Piehler, M.F., 2015. Engineering away our natural defenses: an analysis of shoreline hardening in the US. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13(6), pp.301-307.

Storm damage atop Sea Bright seawall, New Jersey, USA Seawall upgrade costs, San Francisco, USA

22 842 km of continental US shoreline – approximately 14% of the total US coastline – has been armored.

… But Are They Sustainable?

Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

Do Coastal Habitats Protect People?

Credits: Van Wesenbeeck, B. 2015. Nature-based flood defenses: panacea or illusion? IAHR 2015 Keynote. The Hague, Netherlandshttps://www.slideshare.net/Delft_Software_Days/iahr-2015-naturebased-flood-defenses-panacea-or-illusion-weesenbeeck-deltares-20150629

Polidoro et al. 2010

Coastal Habitats At Risk - Mangroves

Coastal Habitats At Risk - Coral Reefs

World Resources Institute, 2011.

Engineering With Nature?!

How does that work?

Credits: Arkema et al. 2013. Coastal habitats shield people and property fromsea-level rise and storms. Nature Climate Change Letters. 2013. DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1944

Do Coastal Habitats Protect People?

Engineering + Nature – An Oxymoron?

Credits:http://blog.queensland.com/2014/10/24/southern-great-barrier-reef-photo-gallery/

Can We Use Nature And Natural Processes To Our Benefit?

Credits: Van Wesenbeeck, B. 2015. Nature-based flood defenses: panacea or illusion? IAHR 2015 Keynote. The Hague, Netherlandshttps://www.slideshare.net/Delft_Software_Days/iahr-2015-naturebased-flood-defenses-panacea-or-illusion-weesenbeeck-deltares-20150629

Understanding The Physics And Economics Of Nature-based Defenses

Beck and Lange 2016. Managing coasts with natural solutions: Guidelines for measuring and valuing the coastal protection services of mangroves and coral reefs. World Bank

Do Mangroves Reduce Wave Heights?

Narayan et al., 2009. The effectiveness of mangroves in attenuating cyclone-induced waves. Proceedings of the International Conference of Coastal Engineers 2009. Shanghai.

• Mangroves reduce wave heights by 60% @ 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) away

• If Mangroves are removed

• Wave height of 1.66% annual probability 5% annual probability

• Wave height of 14.3% annual probability 100% annual probability

• Optimum size of mangrove forest – 300 to 800 m



Can Coastal Wetlands Protect Properties From Flood Damage During Hurricanes?

Photo credit: Jim Wright/LightHawk/TNC

In association with

RequestforWorkingGroupProposals

Page 1

Science for Nature and People Partnership

Request for Proposals Due Date: 25 April 2016, 9:00 am PDT

Website: www.snap.is For inquiries email [email protected]

The Science for People and Nature Partnership (SNAPP) was founded by The Nature

Conservancy, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the National Center for Ecological

Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The SNAP

Partnership delivers evidence-based, scalable solutions for problems at the collective interface of

economic development, nature conservation, and human well-being. SNAPP funds and convenes

multidisciplinary and cross-sector collaborations to catalyze innovative solutions with a clear

pathway to implementation. We are pleased to announce the fourth annual Request for Proposals

(RFP) for working groups to fill important knowledge gaps and advance solutions for people and

nature. In this RFP, we are especially interested in receiving proposals from the development and

humanitarian sectors as well as academia, governmental agencies, and conservation

organizations.

In September 2015, the United Nations adopted a new sustainable development agenda to end

poverty, protect the environment, and provide prosperity for all people. To advance the

sustainable development agenda, professionals from conservation and development fields must

collaborate in inclusive, flexible, and innovative ways. With 23 SNAPP working groups that

collectively include over 400 participants, representing 200 institutions from more than 30

countries, SNAPP is providing an opportunity for such engagements. SNAPP is rapidly

converting research into action by generating the type of applied science that today’s complex

problems demand. The SNAP Partnership is inviting applicants to submit working group

proposals to help realize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Interested applicants should carefully review the information in this RFP including AppendixA:

Proposal Table. Proposals most likely to succeed are developed in collaboration with a member

of the SNAP Partnership (see page 5). To apply, proposals should be uploaded as a PDF at

http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/snap/rfpform by 9:00 am PDT on Monday, 25 April 2016.

Late or incomplete submissions will be returned without review.

Authors

Siddharth Narayan, UCSC

Michael Beck, TNC, UCSC

Paul Wilson, RMS

Christopher Thomas, RMS

Alexandra Guerrero, RMS

Christine Shepard, TNC

Borja G. Reguero, UCSC

Guillermo Franco, GC

Jane Carter Ingram, WCS

Dania Trespalacios, TNC



Scenario I: Flood Damages with Present-day Marshes


Scenario II: Flood Damages with Marsh Loss


Difference inLosses (%)

<-60

-60 to - 50

-50 to -25

-25 to -10

-10 to -5

-5 to -0.5

-0.5 to 0.5

0.5 to 5

5 to 10

10 to 25

25 to 50

50 to 100

>100

Difference in Flood Damages Between Marsh Scenarios

➢ 625 Million US$➢ 12 States


1.Catastrophic Events:

• >625 Million US$ during Hurricane Sandy

• >10% on average where wetlands remain

2.Annual Flooding:

• Properties with marshes save >16% in average annual losses

• Benefits especially significant in lower elevation (high-risk) areas

3.Wetland conservation and restoration

• Can reduce risk from extreme event flooding

• Can provide benefits to communities upstream


v

v

1 m

v

1 m

What Is The Value Of Coral Reefs In Reducing Flood Damages?

Beck et al., 2016. The Global Flood Protection Savings Provided by Coral Reefs. Nature Communications. In Review.

Waves

Surg

e

Tide

+

+Seawifs

Bathymetry

(1X1km)

60 yrs data

Beck et al., 2016. The Global Flood Protection Savings Provided by Coral Reefs. Nature Communications. In Review.

What Is The Value Of Coral Reefs In Reducing Flood Damages?

Credits: https://delftxdownloads.tudelft.nl/BwN101x-Buidling_with_Nature/Week_3_Ecological_Design_Principles/BwN101x_2017_3.2.2_Ecosystems_Abiotic_Boundary_Conditions-slides.pdf

“Let’s Not Forget… This Is Nature Not Concrete!”

Slinger, J.H. (Jill) (2016) Engineering: Building with Nature 101x video #06 – Distilling Engineering Design Principles. TU Delft. Dataset. http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:f9099686-7dab-42ec-8da9-8cc961f393f3

+

Engineering Design Principles Ecological Design Principles

Engineering + Nature In Practice

http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:f9099686-7dab-42ec-8da9-8cc961f393f3

+

ECOLOGICAL DESIGN PROCESS

Baseline evaluation

Identify ecosystem design goals

Identify alternative restoration techniques

Evaluate costs and benefits

Select best alternatives

Assign priorities to restoration efforts

Implement restoration

Monitor

Project need

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

Identify engineering design goals

Baseline evaluation

Identify engineering alternatives

Evaluate cost and effectiveness

Select best alternative(s)

Project need

Evaluate and test designs

Construct project

Monitor


Middle Township, NJPhoto credit: Metthea Yepsen, TNC


Take – Home Messages

• Engineers will increasingly have to work with other disciplines

• For coastal issues, engineering with nature works.

• This shift in how we solve problems is both challenging and exciting

Who Cares?

Also, How Do We Reach Them?



Credits: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/71/5e/cf/715ecf671eacda18f7093edb5f13109f.jpg


Really, Who Cares?


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organizations.















Really, Who Cares?

So How Do We Reach Them?

• Report

• Press Release

• Video

• Fact Sheet

• TNC Cool Green Science Blog

Photo credit: Jim Wright/LightHawk/TNC

So How Do We Reach Them?

Who is your audience?

What do they want to know?

What is your message?

Peer-reviewed Papers

Factsheets

Reports

Press Releases

Workshops Around The World

Online Tools

Credits: http://maps.coastalresilience.org/global/ - “Natural Defenses” App

And Videos!

Credits: Jeffrey Wilkins Jr. and Bess Tassoulas. https://vimeo.com/188757883


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organizations.















Siddharth Narayan, UCSC Christine Shepard, TNC

Michael Beck, TNC, UCSC Borja G. Reguero, UCSC

Paul Wilson, RMS Guillermo Franco, Guy Carpenter

Christopher Thomas, RMS Jane Carter Ingram, WCS

Alexandra Guerrero, RMS Dania Trespalacios, TNC

Bregje van Wesenbeeck, Deltares Inigo J. Losada, IH Cantabria

Kelly A. Burks-Cope, USACE Nigel Pontee, CH2MHILL

Glenn-Marie Lange, World Bank James Sanchirico, UC Davis

Questions …?

Thanks!

Documents

SJSU GreenTalk Speaker Series, March 15 Nature-Based ... · PDF fileNature-Based Solutions for Coastal Risk Reduction ... SJSU GreenTalk Speaker Series, March 15th 2017 Dr. Siddharth