Size Reduction by VDR

8/19/2019 Size Reduction by VDR

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Size ReductionBy

Mr. Vinod Ramani

Sumandeep Vidyapeeth

Vadodara


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Principles of size Reduction

1) CUTTING

2) Compre ion

!) Impact

") #ttrition

$) Impact % #ttrition


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Principles of size Reduction

Cuttin& Compre ion

Impact


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Equipment for Size ReductionPrinciple Equipment Used For

Cuttin& Sci or Root ' (ee ' *ood' #nima Ti ue

Cutter Mi

Compre ion Mortar + (e t e *e dried materiaSeed ' ,ried -umpNutcrac er

Ro er Mi

Impact /ammer/ammer Mi

*ood' Bar ' Cry ta

#ttrition Mortar + (e t e (a te' 0intment' Su pen ion' Cream

Trip e Ro er Mi (a te' 0intment' Su pen ion' Cream

Co oida Mi mu ion' (a te' 0intment' Su peCream

Impact % #ttrition Ba Mi or /ard and #3ra i4e Materia

uid ner&y Mi or #nti3iotic and Vitamin

#da&e Runner Mi ( ant Ba ed Tou&h Materia


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Equipment for Size ReductionEquipment

Scissors

Cutter Mill

Mortar & Pestle

Nutcracker

Roller Mill

HammerHammer MillMortar & Pestle

Triple Roller Mill

Colloidal Mill

all Mill

Fluid Ener!" Mill

#da!e Runner Mill

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=principles+of+size+reduction&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7uYrQ9L7JAhWBhSwKHc9VAHQQ_AUICSgD&biw=1366&bih=657#tbm=isch&q=Scissors+cutting+vegitables&imgrc=VWskmu9gDaeSNM%3Ahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqeuh0VISEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSUbcndrCnIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEglo-bDuy4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHzp6EcqL8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ozPMkAEkGYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ozPMkAEkGYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHzp6EcqL8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEglo-bDuy4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSUbcndrCnIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqeuh0VISEhttps://www.google.co.in/search?q=principles+of+size+reduction&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7uYrQ9L7JAhWBhSwKHc9VAHQQ_AUICSgD&biw=1366&bih=657#tbm=isch&q=Scissors+cutting+vegitables&imgrc=VWskmu9gDaeSNM%3A


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$ENER#% P#RTS F S'(ERE)UCT' N E*U'PMENT

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R T#R+ CUTTER M'%%

PRINCIPLE:- In cutter mill, size reduction involvessuccessive cutting or shearing the feed material with helpof sharp knives.

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CONSTRUCTION:-Milling chamber consists of twoof knives. 1. rotating knistationary knives.Horizontally mounted rotorconsists of 2 12 knives uniformly.

!asing also has several statioknives.

Hopper is placed on chamber "ottom of casing holds a screencontrols size of material

#ischarge outlet is attached at boof mill.

12 R T#R+ CUTTER M'%%


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Working:- $otor disc allowed to rotate at 2%% &%% $'M

eed materia i oaded into hopper

o6 do6n due to 7orce o7 &ra4ity

Materia come in contact 6ith 3othni4e

Materia cut into ma piece

Sma erpartic e

coar er partic e

(roduct co ected into recei4er

pa throu&hcreen

8ni4ei7t

1!


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USES:-

(ough ) fibrous material *medicinal plants, plant

parts ) animal tissue+ oft materials such as roots, peels ) wood are cut

before e-traction

1"


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1$ R %%ER M'%%

PRINCIPLE:- Material is crushed co!"ressed# $%a""lication o& stress' Stress a""lied $% rotating hea(%)heels or rollers'

CONSTRUCTION:-!onsists of two cylindrical rollersmade of stone or metal, whichare mounted horizontally.

ne of rollers is driven directlyusing motor, while second oneruns freely. /ap between two rollers can becontrolled to obtain desiredparticle size.


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Working:- $ollers are allowed to rotate

eed materia i oaded into hopper

o6 do6n into &ap 3et6een ro er

Materia cru hed 6hi e pa in& throu&hro er

Materia cut into ma piece


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Use:- !rushing ) cracking of seeds before e-traction offi-ed oils


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1: HamMer M'%%

PRINCIPLE:- "ased on impact between rapidly movinghammers mounted on a rotor ) powder material.

CONSTRUCTION:-Hammers are usually made of stainlesssteel with impact surface made ofe-tremely abrasive resistant material.(here is provision of arrangement ofhopper at suitable place.(his unit is enclosed with chambercontaining removable screen throughwhich material pass.

creens are made of metal sheet withperforated holes.

/ammer Mi Vidio

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzmVxZ_ujWIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzmVxZ_ujWI


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1;


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Working:- Hammers are allowed to rotate at 0%%% 1 %%% $'Meed materia i oaded into

hopper

Materia 7 o6 do6n

Rotatin& hammer hit the materia

Materia 3rea into ma piece

Sma erpartic e


pa throu&hcreen

1<

Hopper

Recei(er


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USES:- ine to moderate grinding of powders may be obtaindepending on speed of hammers.3sed to mill dr% !aterial . "rittle material is best fractured by impact from blunt

hammers.*d(antage:-

4asy to installccupies less space

5ersatile i.e. speed ) screen can be changed rapidly+isad(antages:-

creen may get cloggedHeat build up during milling is more so chances ofdegradation. !an not be employed to mill sticky, fibrous ) lower meltingpoint materials.


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21all M'%% ,Pe--le mill . Tum-lin!

mill/PRINCIPLE:- Impact ) attrition both are responsible forsize reduction.

Impact6 $apidly moving balls ) powder material 7ttrition6 7t low speed, balls roll over each other

CONSTRUCTION:-!onsist of hollow cylinder, mounted on metallic framewhich rotate longitudinally.!ylinder made of metal lined with chrome!ylinder contains balls that occupy 8% %9 of mill volume.

"alls made of steel, iron or stoneware.


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2!Working:-

+rug is "ut into the c%linder' ,i ed nu!$ers o& $alls are introduced . then c%linder

is closed'

Use o& s!all $alls are reco!!ended so that sur&acearea is increase' Mill is allo)ed to rotate on its longitudinal a is' S"eed o& rotation is (er% i!"ortant


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2"

Use:- 3se for hard ) abrasive materials

tainless steel balls are preferred for production of ophthalmicproducts"all mill at low speed used for milling dyes, pigments )insecticides.


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2$

*d(antages:- produce very fine powder Installation, operation ) labour costs are low5arieties of ball sizes can be used 4-6 $ound, cube, cylinder*rod+ etc:.

+isad(antages:- It is a very noisy machine;ear occurs from balls as well as surface from casing sochances of contamination of product oft, sticky or fibrous material can


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PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

= Ba mi i an e=cient too 7or &rindin& many 3ritt e materia into >ne po6der.

= It i a o u ed in mi in& o7 the tic y materia .

= It &rind the partic e ize to 155 to $ mm or e can 3e o3tained.

= Grindin& can 3e carried 7or 6ettin& and dryin& po6der at o6 peed in 3a mi .

= The hard and a3ra i4e materia can a o 3e &rinded in the 3a mi 7or

pharmaceutica purpo e.

= tain e tee 3a produce the ophtha amic and parentera product a there

ha4e e contamination due to 6ear.

= 3a mi i u ed 7or the mi in& o7 pi&ment ' in ecticide in indu tria purpo e.


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2:Fluid ener!" mill

,0et mill 1 micronizers 1 ultra2ne !rinders/

PRINCIPLE:- Impact ) attrition both are responsible for size reduction.In this e>uipment, feedstock is suspended within a high velocity air

stream Milling takes place because of high (elocit% collisions betw

suspended particles.CONSTRUCTION:-

!onsists of 4lliptical pipe, which hasheight of 2 meters ) diameter rangesfrom 2% 2%% mm.'rovision for introduction of!ompressed gas is given ay bottom. luid nozzles placed tangentially tothe inlet of particles 5enturi feeder is provided for feeding

7n outlet with classifier is fitted toallow escape of air.


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2;Working:-= 'owder is introduced through inlet of venturi= 7ir entering through nozzles transport powder in the tube.= In the turbulent stream of air, suspended particles collide with each

other ) break.= (hus impact ) attrition forces operate in size reduction.= $esultant small particles are carried to outlet= !oarser particles undergo re circulation in the chamber on account of

its own weight.USE:- ,or anti$iotics . (ita!ins

*+/*NT*0ES:- = 1as no !o(ing "arts2 so heat not "roduce suita$le &or 1eat

la$ile drugs#= Ra"id "rocess . no )ear o& !ill so no conta!ination

+IS*+/*N0ES:- /er% e "ensi(e3 not suita$le &or so&t2 stick% .&i$rous !aterial


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= (u 4erizer are common y u ed 7or chemica ' pi&ment and 7ood proce in&.

= The micro ca e air impact pu 4erizer i u ed in a3oratorie ' 6here ma amp e

needed.

= The mi i u ed to &rind heat en iti4e materia to >ne po6der.

= They ha4e 3een u ed 7or the >ne &rindin& o7 7rit ' ao in' zircon' titanium and ca ci

a umina' 3ut the ener&y con umed per ton o7 mi ed product i hi&h.= The mi i u ed to &rind tho e dru& in 6hich hi&h de&ree o7 purity i re?uired.

= Contamination can 3e a4oided and no e@ce heat i produced' pu 4erizer are

uita3 e 7or materia that mu t remain u traApure and tho e that are heat en iti4e


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!5 colloidal M'%%

Principle The ize reduction i a ected due to hearin&


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!2 colloidal M'%%

The materia i p aced into the mi thou&h the in et hopper. It i then pa ed

throu&h the narro6 &ap 3et6een the rotor and tator and thu reduced the >nepartic e ize. # co oid mi i a hydrau ic hear producin& de4ice.

The co oid mi 6or to reduce the ize o7 the u pended drop et . The mi

a o6 the o id partic e to 3ecome o ma .

The proce o7 co oid mi in& i done throu&h the addition o7 the hea4ier i?uid

into the cham3er o7 the mi that per7orm the hearin& proce . 0nce thehea4ier i?uid ha 3een added the i&hter materia 6hether it i a o id ma or a

i?uid o7 di erent 4i co ity i added to the materia to tart the mi . *hen the

mi in& portion o7 the 7unction ta e p ace' the materia are 3oth tirred

to&ether 6ithin the mi at a hi&h rate o7 peed.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-colloid.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-colloid.htm


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colloidal M'%%

#d3anta!es

=/i&h throu&hput 6ith e@ce ent &rindin& re u t.

=In>nite y adDu ta3 e &ap ettin& 3et6een

rotorE tator 7or contro o7 partic e ize

reduction

=Suita3 e 7or product o7 hi&h 4i co ity ran&e.

=Capa3 e o7 operation under pre ure up to 19

3ar.=/i&hA4a ue ea 6ith 6earAre i tant materia .

=/i&h ?ua ity ur7ace >ni he 7or ea y c eanin&.

=0ther materia and >ni he are a4ai a3 e

upon re?ue t

=Machine i e 7Adrainin&.

DISADVANTAGES

=Re?uire hi&h po6er 7or the runnin&

co oida mi .

=U in& o7 6et materia .

=Con ume more ener&y.


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#pplications4

= It i u ed to reduce the partic e ize in u pen ion in a i?uid or to reduce

the drop et ize o7 a i?uid u pended in another i?uid

= It i u ed 7or the 7ormation o7 the e=cient emu i>cation.

= It i main y u ed in pharmaceutica purpo e 7or the preparation co oida

di per ion ' u pen ion ' emu ion and ointment .

colloidal M'%%


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!$ Ed!e runner M'%%

Principle The ize reduction i done 3y cru hin& due to hea4y 6ei&ht o7 the tone and the

hearin& 7orce 6hich i in4o 4ed durin& the mo4ement o7 the e tone .


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Construction

= It con i t o7 t6o hea4y ro er and a 3ed made o7 tone or &ranite.= The ro er ha4e a centra ha7t and they re4o 4e on it a@i .

= The ro er are mounted on the horizonta ha7t and mo4e around the 3ed.

Ed!e runner M'%%

Workin

= The materia to 3e &rounded i put on the 3ed and 6ith the he p o7

the crapper it i ept in the path o7 the tone 6hee .

= The materia i &round 7or a de>nite period and then it i pa ed

throu&h the ie4e to &et the po6der o7 the re?uired ize.


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Ed!e runner M'%%

*d(antages

= It is mostly used for all types of the drugs.

= 5ery fine particle size is produced.

= (he ma?or advantage of this mill is that it

re>uires less attention during operation.

= (he various groups of elements andcombinations of such elements produce a

machine which operates with greater efficiency.

= 3tilizes less power, does not re>uire any

fre>uent clean up, it does not re>uire any

particular ad?ustment, it is simple in structure.

DISADVANTAGES

= It i not u e 7or tic y materi

= Noi e po ution.


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= Very >ne partic e ized materia can 3e o3tained 3y thi ed&e runner

mi .

= d&e runner mi i u ed 7or &rindin& mo t o7 the dru& to >ne po6der' 3ut

it re?uire more Foor pace than the other common y u ed mi .

= It i u ed to cru h or &rind a type o7 the dru&

Ed!e runner M'%%


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!< End runner M'%%

F#CT RS #FFECT'N$ THE SE%ECT' N F


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1. actor re ated to nature o7 ra6 materia

/ard materia

i3rou materia

ria3 e materia

a tic materia

/y&ro copic materia

So 4ated materia

Me tin& pointamma3i ity

Thermo ia3i ity

(artic e ize

Moi ture content

"5F#CT RS #FFECT N$ THE SE%ECT N F

M'%%


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2. actor re ated to nature o7 >ni hed product(artic e ize

a e o7 teri ization

Contamination o7 mi ed materia

!. actor re ated to a7ety

". actor re ated to economy

"1


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ue tion HH

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Size Reduction by VDR