SITE SUPERVISION MANUAL.pdf

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MANUAL PENYELIAN TAPAK

(SITE SUPERVISION MANUAL )

6.1 OBJECTIVES

1. To ensure that the product delivered conforms to the highest

engineering standards.

2. The ensure that the product delivered is to the clients

satisfaction.

3. To ensure that in the process of delivering the product, the

environmental, safety and engineering standard meet the

requirement set by the relevant codes of practices


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6.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENT STRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA

WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT

MINISTRY OF ENERGY,GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER

CONSULTANT

CONTRACTOR

Figure 6.0 : Project Implementation Structure


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6.3 SUPERVISION MANAGEMENT

6.31 SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCION WORKS

To ensure the works are carried out to an acceptable level of quality,

the supervision is very important. In this context competent staff and

clear supervision roles are necessary.

The Consulting Engineer, shall carry out the supervision of

construction works. The organisation structure is as shown on site

organisation chart.

The main role of the consultant engineer are mainly all site supervision

of construction and administration of the Contract with respect to :

a) supervision

b) testing

c) examination of materials and workmanship

d) measure of work carried out

In carrying out the work and to ensure the proper construction of the

works in accordance and in compliance with the requirements of the

Tender Document, construction drawings and the specification, the

Consulting Engineer (the Engineer) shall provide suitable qualified

supervisory and office administration staff.


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6.32 DUTIES OF THE CONSULTANT ENGINEER

The Engineers duties include, but not necessarily be limited to :

i. Discharging the Engineers duties and responsibilities relating to the

site supervision of construction, and the administration of the

Contract in accordance with the powers delegated to the Engineer in

respect of the Condition of Contact, the Drawings and all other parts

of the Contract Document.

ii. Locating all reference points and checking of the setting out of the

works undertaken by the Contractor.

iii. Inspecting, including the sampling, checking, and testing (where

required) of all materials and workmanship to ensure that the

completed works comply with the Specifications and the Drawings

and the issuing of notices to the Contractor of any defects or

deficiencies.

iv. Checking and measuring of the quantities of accepted works.

v. Ensuring that the Contractor performs his work in a manner that does

not cause unnecessary or improper interference to the public,

including access to public or private roads and footpaths.

vi. Liaising with all service authorities of any other contractors or

statutory bodies, which may be working in the same vicinity or

location.

vii. Keeping detailed records of the progress of the Works, the

Contractors construction equipment, labor deployment and material

usage on a day-to-day basis.

viii. To inform the Contractor any changes in the design or specifications

which may prove necessary or desirable during the course of the

Contract or to study any changes proposed by the Contractor and

inform the result


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6.33 SITE SUPERVISION TEAM

The set up of the consultant site supervision team (shown on figure A-

3) consists of :

a) Chief Resident Engineer

b) Deputy Resident Engineers/ Engineer

c) Inspector of Work

d) Clerk/Typist

And the duties of the personnel are as follows :

a. Chief Resident Engineer

He shall act as the Project Coordinator of the whole construction

works, and will bear the overall responsibility for ensuring that the

Contract is administered as planned and the objective of the project

are satisfied. His roles and responsibilities shall be :

1. Act as a site representative of the Consultant.

2. Liaise with the Consultant head office, Deputy Resident

Engineers and Contractor in their works.

3. Manage and control all site staffs assigned to the project such

as staff time-keeping, overtime, leave, salaries, claims, etc.

4. Prepare monthly report on the progress of the works.

5. Monitor the performance of site Management and Supervisory

Staff in their respective works by setting up the management

procedures programme.

6. Liaise with the Project Manager of the Contractor.

7. Certify interim progress payments submitted by the Contractor

for P.D. approval.

8. Advise the Contractor when liaise with the Local Authorities and

Police Officer to ensure the smooth running of the project.


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9. Monitor on all the safety measure, particularly when working

along the main road, or when explosive is used for rock blasting.

10. Responsible for work measurement, progress payment

recommendation, engineering instruction, etc.

11. Responsible for preparation and completion of final

measurement and as-built drawings.

b. Deputy Resident Engineers/ Engineer

The duties of the DRE are as follows:

1. To be responsible the CRE in reporting the work progress and

other developing circumstances.

2. Responsible for the management of all site supervisory

activities and the interacting with the contactors site set up to

ensure the construction works are properly carried out.

3. Exercise sound engineering judgment in examining and

approving the Contractors temporary work and method of

construction.

4. Closely monitor activities within the site and carry out frequent

inspections and works supervision.

5. Ensure adequate site documentation of work

progress/completion/changes and maintain it at the appropriate

levels and deal with all relevant correspondence with various

parties involved.

6. To attend all site meeting.

7. To liaise with the Contractors Agent.

8. To organize and supervise his team of Clerk of Work to cover

all aspect of supervision work and other relevant works.

9. To instruct his staff on the method of construction to be

adopted for all aspect of works and recording works.


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10. To assist the CRE in the measurement of all works and keep all

necessary record.

11. To assist CRE in checking the Contractors interim valuation

and assist him in checking his final account.

12. To implement the QA/QC measure on site.

c. Inspector of Work

Their duties can be described as follows :

1. To be responsible to the CRE and DRE.

2. Ensure that the Contractors work is properly supervised at all

times and it is carried out in accordance with the drawing and

specification.

3. Activities where supervision is absolutely necessary.

4. Contract the CRE or DRE when faulty works occurs or where a

variation is required.

5. Agree day work records with the Contractor keep daily site

diaries and complete daily reports and ensure that the records

for plant and labour are kept accurately.

6. Assist the CRE and DRE in taking measurement, level and

other details as may be necessary for progress payment,

variation order, changes, etc.

d. Clerk/Typist

Assisting the CRE in the following:

1. Office administrative work, preparation of monthly reports.

2. Typing miscellaneous correspondence, report, memo, minutes

of meeting and filing system.


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3. In charge of incoming request for inspection form & checklist

for quality plan.

4. In charge of filing system, update annual leave and medical

records, time sheet, overtime and others staff related matter.

5. Prepare and update for laboratory test record.


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6.4 INSPECTION REQUIREMENT

6.41 GENERAL

In general the inspection personnel must ensure that each of the

following items is adhered to:

a. That all material and workmanship are in accordance with the

specifications and the acceptable good practice.

b. The quality control testing of material is at an acceptable level of

workmanship.

c. That all works are to be in accordance with the level, alignment,

dimension, and cross-sections as specified in construction

drawings and specifications.


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e. Access road - Laying of sub-base, road base, binder and

wearing course.

To carry out initial inspection of work area, to inspect material and

full time inspection of all phases of works including carrying out thefinal inspection.

f. Construction of Reservoir-Excavation

- To check the formation level is correct, spot checks as works in

progress (hardcore, level, formwork, orientation of pipeworks,

size and spacing of reinforcement, etc.)

- To carry out inspection on materials such as aggregate, sand,

reinforcement, formwork, etc. Full time supervision during

concreting.

- To supervise on preparation of test cube and witness testing. To

carry out spot check on the curing of concrete.

g. Pipe Supply

- To check whether manufacturer is approved by IKRAM/SIRIM.

- To arrange factory visit.

- To carry out inspection at factory during casting of pipe.

h. On Shore Pipe Laying

- To carry out inspection on pipe delivered to site. Safety

precaution (adequate warning signboard, flagman, etc).

- To carry out full time inspection of all phases of works including

final inspection. To check all levels are correct.

- To check welding and wrapping.

- To check sand bedding and sand filling, if applicable.

- To check on compaction after backfilling.

- To carry out inspection on air test for welding (where applicable),

to carry out pressure and leakage test


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i. Submarine Pipe Laying

To carry out inspection of work area, and full time inspection of all

phases of works. The inspection procedure shall generally follow

HDPE Submarine Pipeline Installation Procedures.

j. Miscellaneous on Pipeworks -Thrust block, support block,

manholes and chambers, etc.

To carry out inspection of work area, verify the dimension and part

time inspection of all phases of works.

k. Booster Station - Installation of M&E Equipments

To carry out inspection of work area and full time inspection of all

phases of works.

l. Telemetry System - Installation

To carry out inspection of work area and part time inspection of all

phases of works.

m. Joint Measurement for interim valuation

To carry out full time joint survey/ inspection for interim valuation.

n. Safety

To carry out spot check on safety precaution in all stages of works.


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6.5 QUALITY CONTROL AND STANDARDS

The quality control testing is to be carried out in accordance to the

following testing standards :

I. The Malaysian Standards

II. The British Standards

III. ASTM : The American Society for Testing and Materials

IV. APIAmerican Petroleum Institute.


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6.6 QUALITY CONTROL METHODS

The following are the quality control guides that are to be strictly

followed;

6.61 Compaction Control of Earth Materials and Aggregates

Samples of materials to be compacted are taken from the work

area immediately prior to compaction and tests are to be carried out

in accordance with B.S 1377 Compaction Test with a 4.5 kg.

Hammer method.

After compaction of earthworks, field density test using sand

replacement method or methods stipulated in conditions of contract

are to be carried out.

Compaction test are to be carried out in advance of compaction

operations.

As a general rule, one compaction test is to be carried out for every2 to 4 field density test of variable materials, and for every 5 to 8

field density test for relatively uniform materials.

Frequencies of field density tests are to be as follows :

i. Earth embankment: 1 test per 500 metre square for each

layer of compacted material.

ii. Top 300 mm of sub grade lower sub base: 1 test per 300

metre square for each layer of compacted material.

iii. Gravel surface sub base: 1 test per 200 metre square for

each layer of compacted material.


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iv. Crushed aggregate road base: 1 test per 150 metre square

for each layer of compacted material.

v. Shoulders (earth/gravel): 1 test per 150 metre square for

each layer of compacted material.

vi. Granular bedding for culverts and pipes: 1 test per 25 metre

length of culvert pipe.

vii. Granular bedding for other structure: 1 metre per layer per

25m length of structure, or per footing, or per 200 metre

square of foundation slab.

viii. Backfill for structure: 2 test per layer per structure for each

25m length of structure.ix. Backfill for subsoil drain: 1 test per layer per 50 metre length

of trench.

6.62 Earthwork and Flexible Pavement Materials

i. Determine Atterberg limits, swelling or shrinkage

characteristics and content of organic materials in soils that

are unsuitable for embankment material.

ii. Determine plasticity index and gradation analysis of material

proposed for granular fill, bedding, drainage blanket,

porous/granular backfill to structures, aggregates, aggregate

filters/drains, etc.

iii. Atterberg limit, plasticity index and gradation analysis, B.S

1377 Compaction Test, CBR test (soak CBR) are to be

carried out on fill materials used for lower sub base, and top

300mm of sub grade of road embankment.


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iv. Testing of earth shoulders are to be carried out in same

manner as for lower sub base.

v. For gravel shoulders, gravel surfacing, sub base and

crushed aggregate, road base test for every 750 cubic

metres of materials are to be carried out :

a. Atterberg limit and plasticity index

b. Gradation analysis

c. B.S 1377 Compaction Test

d. Soak CBR test

e. Determination of flakiness index

f. Determination of percent of particles in fractured face.

vi. Order test deemed appropriate but not limited to sodium

soundness test and aggregate crushing value test.

6.63 Control of concrete and structures

a. Concrete Aggregates

Aggregates shall not contain alkali reactive silica. Routine test are

to be carried out at the following frequencies:

Gradation test: 1 per stockpile per 100 tons of aggregate.

Specific gravity and absorption test: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000

tons of aggregates.

Particle shape test, e.g. flakiness index, % elongated: 1 test per

stockpile per 1,000 tons of aggregates. (for coarse aggregate)

Determination of clay and silt content: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000

tons of aggregate.


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Organic impurities: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000 tons of aggregate.

(for fine aggregate)

Other tests to be carried out include,

i. Sodium sulphate soundness test for coarse and fine

aggregates,

ii. aggregate crushing value test,

iii. determination of chloride content

iv. determination of sulphate content.

In the case of marine aggregates for both fine and coarse

aggregates, test for chloride content must be regularly carried out.

The test is carried out using manufactured titrator strips. A

frequency of 1 test per 100 tons of aggregate stockpile or 2 tests

per batch or material source is recommended.

b. Water for concrete

Whenever water quality for concrete manufacture is doubtful,analyses are to be carried out to test for excessive acidity or

alkalinity, sulphate content, and chloride content.

Chemical analyses are to be sent to the chemical laboratory, while

samples to determine their effects on mortar setting time and

compressive strength are to be sent to the approved laboratory.

About 10 litres of water are needed for mortar setting time and

compressive strength test and 5 litres are required for chemical

test.


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c. Concrete

1 batch of each concrete class or type shall be sample. Each

sample are tested for workability by slump test, 3 standard

comprehensive strength test cube and 1 for testing at 7 days and 2

for testing at 28 days.

Slump tests shall be carried out regularly during the production of

concrete.

d. Pre-cast Concrete Culvert Pipes

RCP sections that are cast on site are subject to inspection and

testing of materials and workmanship. Samples are to be loaded to

determine 28 days strength after casting, as well as to test for

compliance with load bearing specifications.

Sampling at 5% of pipe sections of each class of size of pipe

fabricated are to be tested at cracking loads, while at least 2% of

RCP pipe sections shall be load tested to failure, i.e. ultimate

strength test.

Load tests are to be carried out at the site or at concrete product

factory with the suitable test equipment to facilitate testing.


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6.7 QUALITY CONTROL OF MANUFACTUREDMATERIAL

Generally, manufacturers certificates are required to guarantee the

quality of materials. In such cases, tests are done for the following :

a. physical measurements of weights, density and dimensions

b. physical measurements of protective coatings

c. compressive strength tests

d. tensile strength tests

e. setting or curing

f. hardening time tests

g. flow rate test

h. penetration tests, etc.

i. radiography test on welding

j. pressure test

k. leakage test

List of manufactured materials where tests are to be carried out include

but not limited to :

a. M.S Pipe, D.I Pipe, HDPE etc per spec

b. Valves

c. Bitumen and bituminous materials

d. Cements

e. Corrugated metal pipes

f. Guardrails

g. Materials for road markings

h. Road signs, etc.

i. Switchboard


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Materials where qualities are suspected for non-reliance, a more

rigorous testing are to be carried out. Materials in this category include

a. penetration graded bitumens

b. cut-back bitumensc. bitumen emulsions

d. cements

e. manufactured structural elements, and fittings

f. welding materials

g. corrugated metal culvert pipes

h. clay and plastic pipes for drains

i. water stop

j. guardrails

k. gabions cages

l. paints

m. geotextile

n. fabrics filter materials

o. thermoplastic materials for road markings

p. joint fillers

q. waterproofing and damp-proof materials

r. bricks, etc.


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6.8 APPROVED BUILDING MATERIAL

Approved building and manufactured material were adhering to and as

stipulated by the Malaysian Government through their publication

namely :-

Senarai Bahan-bahan Binaan Tempatan as issued by:

Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 4 Tahun 1996 dan Surat

Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 6 Tahun 1997.

And published copies can be obtained from :

SETIAUSAHA

URUSETIA BAHAN BINAAN

INSTITUT KUALITI & PERSIJILAN IKRAM

KUMPULAN IKRAM SDN BHD

JALAN SEPANG

43000 KAJANG, SELANGOR

Tel : 03-8373320 Ext 303, 349, 393, 261

Fax : 03-8367254

.


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6.9 SUPERVISION MANUAL

6.91 The Reasons For The Supervision Manual

1. This supervision manual is designed to represent good engineering

practices and guidance to all supervisory staff during the

construction of the project.

It is intended principally for the use of inspectors and technicians.

However, Engineers should acquaint themselves with its contents

and ensure that inspectors and technicians work according to it.

2. It will not be possible to cover every aspect of the construction and

this manual is not intended to be a complete guide.

If you are in doubt about anything do not keep quite about it. Ask

someone. Everyone from the Engineer down to your fellow peers

will give you the benefit of his experience.

This manual is issued for guidance only and it is not to be read as

taking precedence over the Specification.

3. Always bear in mind that until a particular aspect of any work is

complete, you cannot be certain that the Contractor will not comply

or has not complied with the Specifications in respect of

workmanship and materials. You must draw the Contractors

attention to any non-compliance with the Specifications and report

to your Engineer at the same time. The Engineer will decide on the

next line of action. Most Contractors will welcome constructive

criticism and suggestions. However, take note that advice could

sometimes be interpreted to be an instruction.

4. If you certain that materials for the permanent works do not comply

with the Specification, inform the Contractor and contact your

Engineer if the Contractor is reluctant to take corrective action.


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If you discover that the materials do not comply with the Specifications,

request the laboratory staff to check them and make sure that your

Engineer is informed is informed of the test results.

6.92 ADMINISTRATION

a. General

i. Hours of work will generally be defined by the Engineer under

whom you are working. Your particular duties will be

allocated by the Engineer.

ii. Time sheets must be filled in at the appropriate time and

signed by the Engineer

b. Personal Diaries

These are to be completed daily by all staff to record events

pertaining to the progress of the Works and in particular with

regard to their own involvement in these events, whether by

observation or direct action. Items to be recorded shall include :

i. Work carried out by the diarist, i.e. site supervision, level

checking, etc.

ii. Work carried out by the Contractor with reference also to

events of note, e.g. commencement of earthworks,

bridge works, piling, etc.

iii. Instructions given to the Contractor and either written or

verbal any other conversations with the Contractors

representatives.

iv. Inspections made, any decisions given, to whom, and

when.

v. Conservations and agreement with other parties e.g. land

owners, local authorities and public utility

representatives.


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vi. Contractors Constructional Plant on Site, type and

location, and whether working, standing or in disrepair.

vii. Operations being carried out with respect to plant and

labour, and any general comment on the suitability of

these to the tasks in hand. It shall be noted that for

certain operation, there is to be a specific works progress

record attached to the daily reports as described below.

viii. The diary will be supplied by the Chief Resident

Engineers office and if you have not been supplied with

one, you shall ask for it.

c. Daily Reports

This shall be completed not later than the following day

and shall be as complete as possible and shall include

the following :

i. The reservoir and pipeline identities shall be shown. In the

case of earthworks, the locations of both cut and fill shall

be stated. For pipelaying works, the start and finish

chainage must be shown.

ii. For the purpose of identification, a rough sketch shall be

included.

iii. A complete list of the Contractors labour and plant shall be

included. Where work is being carried out on day works,

the details on names and job positions (e.g. lorry driver,

crane operator, etc.) are essential together with their hours

of work.


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iv. A complete list of the plant being used shall be included.

Working hours shall be stated and also if any plant is

standing or broken down.

Again, if the work is being done on day works plant,

identification numbers shall be included.

v. Where work is being carried out on a day work basis,

materials shall also be stated.

vi. A description of works being carried out shall be included.

Examples are :

- Concrete Base of Reservoir Panel 1

- Laying of 600mm from CH 100mm CH 110mm

- Laying sub-base

vii. A statement on weather shall be included. Examples are :

- Fine all day

- Heavy shower 10.30 11.15 am

- No work rain all day

ix. The report shall note any difficulties that were encountered

and how they were overcame.

x. The names of all visitors to the site shall be included.

Typically, daily reports shall include where appropriate

to the writer;-

i. Topsoil striplocation and depth.

ii. Earthmoving operation, location, haul distances,

material, plant and outputs, weather, material

classification, suitability and compaction records

(nothing reference to moisture contents, also

hardness of materials and strata levels with reference


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to rock claims, e.g. use of rippers or pneumatic

plant).

iii. Soft sportlocations, dimensions, material above and

below.

iv. Drainagetype, chainage, amendments (if any).

v. Sub-base - location, state of formation at time of

instruction.

vi. Pavement construction location, weather, materials

being laid, layer depth and extra depths, air and

material temperature.

vii. Reservoir works progress daily record for each

structure of labour, plant and constructions,

reinforcement, etc.

viii. Pipe laying route, pipe diameter, chainage, length

laid, sand filling, concrete surround, road crossing,

obstruction, etc.

ix. Concrete pour weather, quantity and grade, test

cube taken (if any), curing.

x. Top soiling and turfinglocation, weather.

Inspectors are to append to their daily reports their

retained copies of all relevant forms issued such as

Request for Inspection.


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6.93 GENERAL

A. Setting Out

i. The responsibility for setting out the Works is the Contractors.The Engineer with the assistance of the Inspector of Works

will check that the Contractors setting out is correct.

ii. Before the Contractor starts any aspect of the Works, make

sure that the Engineer is notified. To assist with the detailed

setting out, reference stations will be established. Check these

occasionally to see that they have not been damaged. If there

is suspected damage, notify the Contractor immediately as

well as the Engineer.

iii. Always check that you and the Contractor are working to the

latest edition of the Drawings. A register of Drawings is kept

by the Site Clerk or another in the Engineers site office.

iv. Where simple checks from the reference points can be done,

these shall be carried out by the Engineer, Inspectors of

Works and technicians.

v. The setting out of the Works, inclusive of cross-section

surveys and pegging shall be carried out intervals of not

greater than those specified


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B. Quality of Material and Testing

i. The job can only be as good as the materials that are used.

Substandard materials will give a substandard job. The

responsibility for testing for acceptance is generally that of the

Engineer (soil and materials). You should see that materials that

have deteriorated are not used e.g. concrete that has been

mixed too long or rebar that has mill scale or excessive rust.

ii. Report to the Engineer any new material that the Contractor

brings to Site including a change in fill material in the

earthworks.

C. Construction Plant and Labour

i. The end product of the job will depend very largely on the

performance of the Constructional Plant and labour. Check

particularly that vibrating equipment, rollers, concrete vibrators,

etc. are functioning correctly. If not, advise the Contractor and

inform your Chief Resident Engineer.

D. Information From The Contractor

i. It is important to know in advance what work the Contractor

intends to carry out. Official programmes information will be

supplied by the Contractor and your Chief Resident Engineer

should let you know what is planned for your part of the Works.

Try to think ahead and request information from the Contractor

on such things as times of concrete pours so that shuttering and

reinforcement can be finally approved or whether temporary

works i.e. stream diversions are needed.


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ii. If you are not certain how any particular aspect is going to be

carried out, ask both the Contractor and your Engineer.

E. Inspection and Approval

i. The Contractor shall obtain approval to commence any aspect

of the Works and to obtain approval upon completion. You must

not unnecessarily delay the Contractor as this can give rise to a

claim and needless expenditure. Check each stage of the work

as it proceeds and correct any errors as they appear. A final

inspection shall be made when the Contractor says that he is

ready to proceed to the next stage.

ii. It is not to the benefit of the project for an inspector or

technician to leave his comments on work until the Contractor

has completed it. Comments shall be made as work is being

done.

iii. On large concreting operations, do not delay giving the

Contractor approval to start if there are minor errors that are

being worked on and will not be covered with concrete for some

time.

iv. If testing is required, notify the Engineer (soil and materials) in

advance.

v. The system of Request for Inspection forms is to be used.


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F. Location of Existing Services

i. Before the Contractor begins excavation for foundations below

existing ground, particularly adjacent to existing roads, check

that underground services such as water, electric and telephone

are not liable to damage.

ii. Drawings will indicate where services are but they shall be

exposed by pilot trenches prior to any excavation. If in doubt,

inform the Contractor who will contact the concerned service

authority if necessary. You should also inform the Engineer who

will check that the Contractor has contacted the concerned

service authority.iii. The same applies to heavy plant crossing of road, public or

private.

G. Existing Roads and Temporary Diversions

i. The Contractor is obliged not to interfere with or damage roads

or make use of them without the permission of the Road

Authority. Any breach of this shall be reported in details, giving

times, names, if possible and vehicle types and registration

numbers. Where a temporary diversion is needed, it is the

responsibility of the Contractor to obtain necessary Authoritys

approval to the alignment and the type of construction and get

the Road Authoritys permission to open any diversion.

ii. Check all diversion and plant crossings to see that they are

clean and do not have potholes.

iii. Check that signage are as approved and well maintained.

iv. At plant crossing, check that the Contractors safety

precautions are adequate.


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always be given to the Contractor. The reason for this is that the

Contract is between Employer and the Contractor.

J. Use of The Specification

Do not try to remember the Specification. Get a photocopy of the part

that is relevant to your present duties and carry it with you. If in doubt,

refer to your Engineer

K. Progress

Draw to the attention of your Engineer any aspect of the work that

seems to be slow so that he may take it up at a higher lever. Try tofind out the reasons at your level.

L. Safety on The Site

If you notice anything on Site that you consider to be unsafe, bring it

to the attention of the Contractor and your Engineer. Examples of the

type of things to look for are:

- A ladder that has broken rungs or is not properly secured

at the top.

- An excavation near a public access that is not properly

barricaded or adequately lit at night.

- Mechanical defect in Construction Plant. This particularly

applies to any vehicle supplied by the Contractor in which

you travel. Remember its your life that is in danger.

- Weak scaffolding.

- Inadequate support for excavation sites.


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6.10 MAINTENANCE

i. A certificate of Completion either for the whole of the Works or

part of the Works is issued when the works can be safety taken

over for used by the owner.

ii. This may not mean that all works are fully complete, but are in a

state of practical completion to enable the owner to occupy and

use the same.

iii. When the certificate is issued, the Engineer has to issue to the

Contractor a list of all outstanding incomplete or defective works.

- It will normally be the responsibility of each Engineer to

compile the list of defects and omissions that are found.

Normally he will be assisted in this by the inspectors.

- The Contractor will complete these works and any other

omissions and defects that are found during the

Maintenance Period.

- On completion of all of these outstanding items and at

the end of the Maintenance Period, a Certificate of

Making Good Defects is issued which signifies that the

Contractors obligations are completed.

- These items only refer to omissions and defects. Fair

wear and tear, and accident damage during the

Maintenance Period is not part of the Contractors

obligations.

iv. Detail instructions on the above will be prepared by the Engineer

and issued at the appropriate time.


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6.11 CAUTION

i. Familiarise yourself with the relevant parts of the Specifications

and Drawings.ii. Ascertain the line of command.

- Do not exceed your powers.

- Do not order any works that will delay the Contractor or

result in increase in the cost of the works WITHOUT

THE PRIOR APPROVAL OF THE APPROPRIATE

AUTHORITY.

-

Ensure that the Contractor adopts safety measures toprevent site accidents.

- When in doubt, ask your immediate superior.

Documents

SITE SUPERVISION MANUAL.pdf