Site Selection of Radioactive Waste

Disposal in Java Island

Radioactive Waste Technology CentreNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY

RWMTG Action Plan for Vision 2020

Phase Ⅱ Phase Ⅲ Phase Ⅳ

Joint Convention

Support System andDatabase System

Pre-Disposal

Disposal

Concerned with the Waste & Spent Fuels from Nuclear Power Plants

Concerned with the Waste from Research Reactors & Small Facilities

Phase I was implemented between 2007 and 2009

Generationof Radioactive Waste

Spent Fuel

Continuous Support of Member Countries Ratification

Continuous Improvement and Upgrade

Operation of Research Reactors & Small Facilities

Decommission of Research Reactors and Small Facilities

Low-Level Waste Disposal at Assumed Reference Site

・Evaluation of Radiation Inventory・Safety Assessment on Predisposal Facilities・Technologies for Predisposal ・Transportation etc.

Present Time2010～2012 2013～2016 2017～2020

Concerned with both of the above categories

Operational Waste from Research Reactors & Small Facilities

Information Exchangeof Basic Scheme

on Spent Fuel Storage of Spent Fuel

・Safety Regulation System ・Technical Standards・Safety Assessment for Disposal ・Environmental Data・Site Selection ・Public Involvement etc.

Operation of Nuclear

Power Plants

Operational Waste from Nuclear Power Plants

・Evaluation of Radiation Inventory・Safety Assessment on Predisposal Facilities・Technologies for Predisposal ・Transportation etc.

Decommissioning Waste from Research Reactors & Small Facilities・Evaluation of Radiation Inventory/Mass・Safety Regulation System・Clearance System (Inspection, Recycling) etc.

Decommissioning Waste from Nuclear Power Plants

・Evaluation of Radiation Inventory/Mass・Safety Regulation System・Clearance System etc.

Low-Level Waste Disposalat Candidate Site

・Safety Assessment for Disposal・Environmental Data ・Public Involvementetc.

・Safety Regulation System・Concept Design ・Operation・Public Involvement etc.

・Evaluation of Radiation Inventory/Mass・Operational Skill & Facility Operation・Safety Assessment for Storage Facilities etc.

Low

-Le

vel W

aste

Report of

IAEA EBP-Asia Expert Mission

To Review Site Evaluation Activities for a RW

Disposal Facility in JAWA ISLAND

25 – 29 Feb. 2008

KAWAKAMI, Yutaka NSRA, Japan

ZELENIK, Nadja ARAO, Slovenia

BANNAI, Toshihiro Technical Officer, IAEA

MOLLER, Kai

Technical Officer, IAEA

KEYSER, Peter

SWECO, Sweden

SOLENTE, Nicolas

ANDRA, France

Report of IAEA ANSA-Asia Expert Mission,Serpong – Banten, Indonesia, 6 – 10 JUNE 2011

To Review Site Evaluation Activities for a RW

Disposal Facility in JAVA ISLAND

RWTC

Disposal Technology Div.Development of Radioactive Waste Disposal

Technology

Disposal Site

Group

Disposal

Design Group

Disposal Safety

Group

Interrela

-tionship

Works scope Aspect of

Study

Phase Disposal

Variation

Fasility

Site Criteria,

Inventory,

Selection,

Characteri-

zation,

Confirmation

and

Monitoring of

site

Geology,

Geophysic,

Geochemistry,

Hydrogeology,

Geotechnic,

Env. Geology,

Geography,

Ecology,

Demography,

Soc-eco-culture

Concept,

Siting,

Design,

Construct-

ion,

Operation,

Closure,

Post-closure

Near Surface,

Landfill,

Borehole,

Geological

disposal

Lab

geology,

chemist,

instrument,

computer

Sw :

GIS, geology

Works scope Aspect of

Study

Phase Disposal

Variation

Fasility

Immobilisasi Physic,

chemist, and

mechanic of

materials

Concept,

Design,

Operation,

Post-closure

Cement,

bitumen, glass,

synrock

Lab chemist,

instrument,

computer

Package/

Container

Physic,

chemist, and

mechanic of

materials

Concept,

Design,

Operation,

Post-closure

Drum, shell,

container,

capsul,

HDPE bag

Lab chemist,

instrument,

computer

Repository :Vault, backfill,

buffer, lining,

drainase, piping,

water and gas

collector, cover,

acces, handling,

supporting facility

Physic,

chemist,

mechanic

architec,

layout,

esthetic.

Concept,

Design,

Construction,

Operation,

Closure,

Post-closure

Near Surface,

Landfill,

Borehole

Geological

disposal

Lab chemist,

instrument,

computer

Sw :

AutoCad

Works scope Aspect of

Study

Phase Disposal

Variation

Fasility

Safety criteria,

FEP&Scenario

Modelling,

Performance,

Safety Asses,

Comp. code,

Doc. SAR,

Doc. EIAR

Physic,

Chemist,

Mechanic,

Mathematic,

Computation,

Health/Safety

Bioscience,

Soc-eco-cult.

Concept,

Design,

Construction,

Operation,

Closure,

Post-closure

Near Surface,

Landfill,

Borehole,

Geological

Lab

geology,

chemist,

instrument,

computer

Sw :

Comp. code

BACKGROUND

The presence of radwaste from medical,

industry and research activities-managed by

RWTC

Plan development and operation NPP

Radwaste will arise that need to be managed

in a secure, safe and environmentally sound

immediately

Long-term needs for LILW: RWI, Storage and

Disposal

No. Jenis Limbah Inventory

1. Konsentrat (evaporasi) 19 concrete shells (950 L)

2. Spent Resin 79 concrete shells (950 L)

4. Limbah padat 824 drum (200 L)

6. Sumber terbungkus bekas 1397 buah

Why siting now? Answering public awareness

Anticipating land acquisition that become more

and more complicated & expensive

Supporting national NPP program

Confirming whether we have any appropriate and

safe site

Input for long term national radioactive waste

policy

Completing the job that had been done

Dominant radioactive waste volume

Transport safety

To make sure, whether we have any appropriate and safe site in this land

Identification of possible areas :

A. Designated by Authority

1. Karimunjawa Islands

Genting Island, basaltic lava host rock (1989-1990)

2. Masalembu Islands

Masalembu island, andesitic lava host rock (1989-1990)

Masakambing Island, andesitic lava host rock (1989-1990)

Keramaian Island, andesitic lava and sandstone host rock (1989-1990)

B. Co-location (Designated by Authority)

3. PPTN Serpong, volcanic host rock (tuff, conglomeratic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone) (1990 – 2005)

4. Muria Peninsula, volcanic host rock (1990-2005)

C. Systematic Siting

5. Jawa Island (Serang, Bogor, Karawang, Subang, Sumedang, Majalengka,

Rembang, Tuban), clay and crystalline host rocks (2006-Now)

6. Madura Island, clay host rock, (2006 and 2009)

1. Conceptual and Planning Stage

2. Area Survey Stage

3. Site Characterization Stage

4. Site Confirmation Stage

Identification of important siting factors Identification of potential host rock(s) Identification of possible siting area(s) Defining investigation objectives and

investigation programmes

Examining a broad region (result of stage1) to identify one or more potential sites

Phase 1 : area analysis (regional mapping phase)

to identify areas with potentially

suitable sites

Phase 2 : screening to select potential sites for

further evaluation

Studying the potential sites (result of stage-2) to identify the preferred site(s)

To demonstrate that they are acceptable in various respects, and in particular from the safety point of view

To obtain information needed to develop a preliminary site related design

Characterizing the preferred sites (result of stage-3) through detailed subsurface studies to determine acceptability from the safety point of view

Criteria of Disposal Site

Near Surface Disposal :

Geology Non Geology

1. Geomorfology

2. Lithology

3. Stratigraphy

4. Geological structure

5. Hydrology

6. Hydrogeology

7. Seismicity

8. Volcanism

1. Climate

2. Natural resources

3. Land uses and value

4. Distribution of population

5. Land acquisition

6. Accessibility

A. Stage of Sistematic Site Selection (IAEA, 1994):

1. Concept and Planning;

2. Area Survey;

3. Site characterization;

4. Site confirmation.

B. Co-location in Site Selection : Specific sites can be proposed by a local or national authorities

Site or land in the vicinity of existing nuclear facilities can be

determined as a special consideration,

Because of the potential benefits, particularly in relation to the

potential load reduction in the revenue aspect of society (public

acceptance) and transportation of waste.

SITE SELECTION FOR DISPOSAL

SITE SELECTION FOR DISPOSALSpatial Data Analysis :

Negative Screening

Negative Screening Method: filtering or avoiding country

region or certain territory that has been determined as

prohibited area for radioactive waste disposal.

Prohibited area such as :

Water recharge area or water resource area (aquifer).

Resident area with population density > 1000

people per mil square.

Conservation area, Wild life protection, and national park

Monument / Cultural herritage protected by regulation

Existing and/or future planning of special landuse.

SITE SELECTION FOR DISPOSALSpatial Data Analysis :

Positive Screening

Positive Screening Method : filter the remaining areas

escape from negative screening and add particular criteria

to determine about 10 prospective areas has the potential

corresponding to the disposal facility

In this discussion positive screening method outline can be grouped

into three ways, namely overlay or superimpose technique, scoring

and buffering.

Furthermore, more detailed screening of 10 candidate areas

identified, focused on the observation site and evaluate each site for

comparison get five potentially eligible site for construction of

waste storage facilities.

SerpongKarimun Islands

Muria

Masalembu Islands

Madura IslandTuban

Karawang

SubangRembang

Majalengka

32

Geologycal Map of

Jawa Island and

surrounding

33

Peta Penyebaran Batuan Lempung dan Batuan Beku di P.

Jawa dan Sekitarnya

Distribution of Clay and Igneous Rock

Jawa Island and surrounding

34

Earthquake Hazard Zone of Jawa Island

Surrounding

35

Groundwater Basin Map of Jawa Island

and Surrounding

36

Map of Potential Region for Radioactive

Waste Disposal in Jawa Island and

Surrounding

14

56

8 9

27

3

10

Site for Demo Plant

Disposal

• LILW in drum or concrete shell

1. Shallow Land Disposal (SLD) at/near NPParea (co-location), or

2. Rock Cavern Disposal (RCD) away from NPP (on igneous rock), or

3. SLD away from NPP (on claystone/ igneous rock)

HLW (SF) → Geological disposal (on claystoneigneous rock)

Trachite igneous rock at

G. Ragas, Jepara

Igneous rock hills

suitable for RCD and

SLD, Jepara

SOME VIEWSMuria NPP

LILW in drum or concrete shell 1. Shallow Land Disposal (SLD) at/near NPP

area (co-location), or

2. Rock Cavern Disposal (RCD) away from NPP (on igneous rock), or

3. SLD away from NPP (on claystone/ igneous rock)

HLW (SF) → Geological disposal (on claystone/ igneous rock)

Andesit igneous rock at Serang,

suitable for NSD/RCD

Andesitic hills at Serang, suitable for

NSD/RCD

SOME VIEWSBanten NPP

LILW in drum or concrete shell SLD away from NPP (on claystone)

HLW (SF) → Geological disposal (on claystone/igneous rock)

SOME VIEWSWest Java NPP

Claystone of Subang Formation,

suitable for NSD dan GD

Undulatory topography at

Sumedang, suitable for NSD dan

GD

SOME VIEWSWest Java NPP

• LILW in drum or concrete shell

1. SLD at/near NPP area (co-location), or

2. RCD away from NPP (on igneous rock), or 3. SLD away from NPP (on clay/igneous rock)

• HLW (SF) → Geological disposal (on igneous rock)

SOME VIEWSBangka NPP