SITE SAFETY PLUS Construction site management delegate

Page 1 of 35

SITE SAFETY PLUS

Construction site management delegate workbook Emergency provision document

XA6 Emergency Publication

April 2021

Construction site management delegate workbook Emergency provision document

Contents

XA6 – Emergency Provision ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Personal aims and objectives ............................................................................................................................ 3

Additional content ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Core exercises ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

Core exercise 1. Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 4

Core exercise 2. Do ................................................................................................................................................ 6

Core exercise 3. Check and act .............................................................................................................................. 7

Core exercise 4. Site layout ................................................................................................................................... 9

Core exercise 4. Feedback ............................................................................................................................... 10

Construction Site Drawing 1 .................................................................................................................................... 11

Construction site drawing 1 – Tasks .................................................................................................................... 12

Construction site drawing 1 – Projects ............................................................................................................... 14


Construction Site Drawing 2 – Tasks ................................................................................................................... 17

Construction Site Drawing 2 – Projects ............................................................................................................... 18


Construction Site Drawing 3 – Tasks ................................................................................................................... 20

Construction Site Drawing 3 - Projects ................................................................................................................ 21

SELF-STUDY EXERCISES ............................................................................................................................................ 23

A - Legal and management .............................................................................................................................. 23

B – Health and welfare .................................................................................................................................... 28

C – General Safety ........................................................................................................................................... 31

D – High Risk Activities .................................................................................................................................... 33

(C) Construction Industry Training Board Page 1 of 35 Delegate workbook - Emergency provision Version 02.00 April 2021

XA6 – Emergency Provision This is an emergency provision document to support the remote delivery of the Site Management Safety Training Scheme (SMSTS) course. It has been implemented by CITB as a result of extraordinary circumstances impacting the regular provision of training to the construction industry. In this document you will find the key information from XA6, to enable delegates to complete the SMSTS 5-day course.

Personal aims and objectives Complete a short paragraph answering the following questions

• What is your experience of site and contract management? (Include where you have worked, who for and briefly describe the work you did.)

• What are the main skills, both personal and academic, that you feel are essential for undertaking your role?

• Why are you attending this SMSTS course? What do you want to be able to do upon successful completion?

• What skills would you like to improve in order to carry out your role more effectively?

Additional content To access additional content and interactive content, CITB’s companion website www.citb.co.uk/xa6 Open the relevant section for the content required Supporting information

Core exercises

Introduction This section contains four core exercises that your trainer will ask you to complete during your course. There are also tasks and projects, to be used where applicable, for exercise completion. Other exercises may be supplemented by the trainer.

Exercises are assessed. You must successfully complete and pass all exercises in order to be awarded the certificate.

It is the responsibility of your trainer to choose which tasks and projects are most appropriate for you to complete during your course and also confirm which duty holder you represent. Your trainer may also adapt any given task or project to suit your individual or group needs.


http://www.citb.co.uk/xa6

Core exercise 1. Plan Aim To enable you to develop an understanding of the basic principles and requirements of an effective health and safety management system.

To enable you to develop ideas about how to define and implement the principles of a health and safety management system, and how such principles can assist managers in putting the right measures in place to manage the real risks to health and safety in a construction-based organisation.

Learning objective By participating in this exercise, you should be able to recognise and understand the general duties placed on duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (CDM) 2015, and the requirements for managing health and safety at work. You should be able to recognise and understand the plan element of an effective health and safety management system based on the Plan, Do, Check, Act model. Briefing Your trainer will divide you into groups and assign each group as a particular CDM duty holder involved in a specific construction trade. Appoint a leader and a scribe for your group. The leader or scribe for each group should delegate responsibilities in order to complete the following.

A. Prepare an overview of your duty holder’s duties under CDM 2015

Describe your duty holder’s general duties under CDM 2015 and how they relate to their assigned construction trade.

B. Devise a general statement of health and safety policy

The starting point for effective health and safety management is a clear policy statement. This informs employees of the company’s intentions towards the health, safety and welfare of the workforce and the standards to which they aspire. Your (group) general statement of health and safety policy should consist of the following.

• Company name, philosophy, background, size, and so on. • Health and safety background, mission and memberships. • A signed and dated policy statement.

C. Produce an organisational structure in the form of a responsibility tree

Shows structural details of the organisation (who does what) to achieve effective implementation and maintenance of the health and safety management system (for example, managing directors, health and safety manager and site manager).


Example of a responsibility tree which is commonly used to display an organisational structure

D. Describe the arrangements for the effective implementation and ongoing monitoring of the health and safety

management system The arrangements will explain the duties of each position on the responsibility tree. For many companies, the arrangements section will evolve over time and with the needs of the business, as more key staff may be required. This section sets out everyone’s roles and responsibilities and highlights those with particular roles (for example, directors, supervisors, managers, safety representatives, workers, fire wardens, first-aiders and the competent person). What will be done and what resources will be allocated to make things happen? For example: how risk assessments will be carried out (health and safety manager and supervisors with worker involvement)

• plans for staff and worker training and the safe use of equipment • plans and procedures for accident and incident investigation • plans and methods for consulting with workers • procedures for equipment and plant maintenance.

On completion of the exercise, groups should present their findings to the wider group. Your trainer will summarise all the findings, discuss areas where difficulties or misunderstandings may have arisen and provide clarification.

Supplementary information

• Construction site safety – The comprehensive guide (GE700), Section A: Legal and management, Chapters 03 and 04.

• Form GA01: Health and safety policy.


Core exercise 2. Do Aim To enable you to develop an understanding of how to implement the delivery of an effective health and safety management system to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of employees and other people affected by work activities . Learning objective By participating in this exercise, you should be able to recognise and understand how organisations fulfil the aim to protect people by introducing management systems and practices that ensure risks are dealt with sensibly, responsibly and proportionately. You should be able to recognise and understand the do element of an effective health and safety management system based on the Plan, Do, Check, Act model. .

Briefing Your trainer will divide you into groups and assign each group as a contractor involved in a specific construction trade. Your group will be allocated a specific activity, within a task, in order to complete Part 2 of the exercise. Appoint a new leader and a scribe for your group. The leader or scribe for each group should delegate responsibilities in order to complete the following.

Part 1 A. Produce a risk profile for the organisation (contractor) your group is representing

A risk profile examines the nature and levels of threat faced by an organisation. Effective leaders and line managers should know the risks their organisations face on a daily and longer-term basis. They should rank these risks in order of importance and take effective action to control them.

Profiling your organisation’s health and safety risks • Assess the risks, identify what could cause harm in the workplace, who it could harm and how, and

what you will do to manage the risks. • The range of risks should go beyond health and safety risks, to include environmental risks. • Decide what the priorities are and identify the highest risks (for example, work at height, confined

spaces, plant and machinery).

B. Develop a brief on the organisation (for example, job roles), decide how you will assess competence and how

you will communicate with your own staff and other contractors This part of the exercise should clearly show the specific arrangements that your organisation will put in place to manage health and safety across its normal work activities. It should concentrate on the following four key areas.

• Controls within the organisation – the role of managers and supervisors (who is responsible for what, for example, health and safety manager, plant and transport, and site operations).

• Co-operation between workers, their representatives and managers (for example, inductions and toolbox talks).

• Communication across the whole organisation (for example, board meetings). • Competence of individuals (for example, qualifications and experience).


Part 2 A. Produce a risk assessment and method statement

• Produce one risk assessment focused on an activity within the task, to include health, safety and environmental risks.

• Produce one method statement focused on the activity within the task.

B. Develop a briefing

Using the risk assessment and method statement, develop a toolbox talk based briefing, focusing on the hazards, control measures and processes to be followed.

On completion of the exercise, groups should present their findings to the wider group. Your trainer will summarise all the findings, discuss areas where difficulties or misunderstandings may have arisen and provide clarification.


• Construction site safety – The comprehensive guide (GE700), Section A: Legal and management, Chapters 03, 04 and 05.

• Form GA02: Risk assessment (semi-quantitative). • Form GA03: Risk assessment (quantitative). • Form GA08: Method statement. • One site drawing and one task.

Core exercise 3. Check and act Aim To enable you to develop an understanding of what is involved in setting up an effective monitoring system, backed up by sensible performance checking measures, inspections and formal audits. Learning objective By participating in this exercise you should be able to recognise and understand how organisations ensure that the plans and requirements of the management systems and practices are implemented, and risks are being controlled on a day-to-day basis.

You should be able to recognise and understand the check and act elements of an effective health and safety management system based on the Plan, Do, Check, Act model..

Briefing Groups should remain as the contractor and trade assigned in Exercise 2.

Appoint a new leader and a scribe for your group. The leader or scribe for each group should delegate responsibilities in order to complete the following.


Part 1 A. Check

Each group to complete the following • Research and agree on the types of health and safety monitoring they will use across their

organisation. • Produce a detailed list of the types of monitoring carried out and clearly define whether the type of

monitoring is either active or reactive. • Define the frequency of the monitoring (for example, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, six monthly

or yearly). Examples of monitoring include:

• routine inspections of premises, plant and equipment • health surveillance to prevent harm to health • near-miss reports and accident investigations • monitoring cases of ill health and sickness absence records.

Part 2 A. Act

An HSE inspector has recently visited your site to carry out an inspection. Two improvement notices were issued as a result of the visit. Your trainer will confirm the content of the notices.

Each group to complete the following.

• Research and agree on how you will review performance, learn lessons and implement further controls.

• Complete an enforcement authority visit report.

On completion of the exercise, groups should present their findings to the wider group. Your trainer will summarise all the findings, discuss areas where difficulties or misunderstandings may have arisen and provide clarification. Supplementary information

• Construction site safety – The comprehensive guide (GE700), Section A: Legal and management, Chapters 04, 10, 11 and 12.

• Form GA22: Enforcement authority visit report. • One site drawing and one task (for Part 2 of this exercise).


Core exercise 4. Site layout Aim To enable delegates to use their knowledge, experience and planning skills to plan a construction site layout that will::

• provide a safe working environment where the risk of injury or health hazard has been eliminated or reduced as far as is reasonably practicable

• be organisationally sound • be economical and efficient.

Learning objective By participating in this exercise, you should be better equipped to:

• recognise potentially hazardous situations that may exist or develop on site • provide a better and more efficiently managed environment, as required by the general requirements

of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the specific requirements of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) and other relevant health and safety legislation

• employ forward planning as an essential means of contributing to site health and safety in an economical and environmentally acceptable way.

Briefing Your trainer will divide you into groups and assign each group as a principal contractor. Each group must use a construction site drawing and project to prepare a proposal for a typical site set up.

Appoint a new leader and a scribe for your group. The leader or scribe for each group should delegate responsibilities in order to complete the following.

A. Check

Each group to consider the following areas with reference to the allocated project and construction site drawing.

• Location, size and details of welfare and first-aid provision. • Access to, from and around the site for workers, visitors and vehicles, including site parking. • The control, use and storage of mobile plant and vehicles on site. • The control and movement of the general public near the site. • The selection, control and use of plant and equipment, including scaffolding and hoists. • The delivery, handling, storage and transport of materials, including highly flammable liquids

and liquefied petroleum gases, across, and to and from, the site. • Fire prevention, fire precautions and other emergency arrangements, including escape routes

and assembly points. • The control of nuisance to neighbours (for example, noise, vibration, mud and dust) to neighbours. • The location, size and details of waste storage and disposal. • The appreciation and management of proximity hazards and local features. • The distribution, control and use of new and existing services.


B. Rationale Prepare a written statement outlining the legislative, organisational, economic and environmental reasons for the decisions taken.

C. Hazards

Produce a list of the potential health and safety hazards that are eliminated or controlled by the proposals.


• Construction site safety – The comprehensive guide (GE700), Section C: General safety, Chapter 01.

• Form GA23: Pre-construction information.

• Form GA24: Construction phase plan.

• Form GA25: Health and safety file.

• One site drawing and a minimum of one project.

Core exercise 4. Feedback When you have completed the exercise, answer the following questions.

1. What are the four most important hazardous situations that have been eliminated or reduced by planning?

2. During this exercise, have you become aware of any health or safety hazards on site not known to you

before? If so, what additional health or safety hazards are you now aware of?

3. Have you had previous practical experience of planning site layouts? If yes, give a brief indication of the experience you have gained in being practically involved in planning site layouts?

4. Which statement best reflects your views on the value of site layout planning? Give reasons for your

answer. a. It can have a substantial effect on improving health and safety. b. It can make a good contribution to improving health and safety. c. It can make a small contribution to improving health and safety. d. It makes no contribution to improving health and safety.

5. What changes, if any, would you like to make in your group’s site layout, with a view to improving

health and safety on site?

6. What was the single, most beneficial aspect of the exercise?


Construction Site Drawing 1 Located on the outskirts of the town of Brambley, the existing offices are of a single-storey construction with a 9 m ridge height. Around 25 employees use the offices between 09:00 and 17:00. An existing entrance, off Holt Arch Road, serves the existing offices and car park. The car park accommodates 16 cars in total, and includes two disabled spaces. The redundant, two-storey factory building is brick built. It has an asbestos-cement sheet roof with a 10.5 m ridge height. The building was constructed in the 1950s and used as a steel mill until 2006. There is no health and safety file for the factory building. The ground around the redundant factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead. A 30 m2 area to the south contains Japanese knotweed. A public footpath runs alongside the site. On average, about 170 people (mainly commuters) use the footpath on weekdays, and about 120 people use it at weekends. A river runs north to south, diagonally across the site. It can only be accessed by pleasure cruisers as the Brambley road bridge only offers 3 m clearance (underside to water surface). A hedge runs along the side of the existing office building and car park. It has been in place for 45 years but a substantial amount of it will need to be removed as it will interfere with access for demolition or construction works. The hedge to the south of the site, bordering Brambley Road, is 10 years old. The beech tree in the area of the new car park entrance is around 15 years old. A scheduled monument (Bronze Age standing stones) is to the north of the site. The Riverside Café to the west of the site is open seven days a week, between 09:00 and 14:00. The café can accommodate around 30 people at any one time. The national speed limit for a single-carriageway road applies on Brambley Road. The speed limit on all other nearby roads is 30 mph. There are open land drains, operated by the local internal drainage board (IDB), to the north and east of the park area. The drains run to a managed surface-water system. Access for drain maintenance by the IDB must be available at all times. Brambley Road is busy in the morning and late afternoon, due to work traffic using the only access road to South Industrial Estate. There is an airport boundary approximately 1,700 m to the south west of the existing offices.


Construction site drawing 1 – Tasks Task 1

• Construction of the proposed new entrance from Brambley Road.

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The redundant factory building has not been demolished. • Initial access must be via the existing entrance. • The existing hedge running north to south will need to be removed. • The existing hedge running east to west will need to be removed near the proposed new entrance. • The beech tree to the eastern side of the proposed new entrance will need to be removed. • The contaminated ground around the redundant factory building has been cleared.

Task 2

• Fence repair to the west of the Riverside Café.

Assumptions • The fencing is picket style, is 800 mm high and will need to be completely replaced. • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The redundant factory building has not been demolished. • The ground around the redundant factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead. • The Japanese knotweed has been cleared. • The Riverside Café is in use.

Task 3

• Control of the Japanese knotweed to the south of the redundant factory building.

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The redundant factory building has not been demolished. • The ground around the redundant factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead.


Task 4 • Remediation of the contaminated ground.

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed.

• The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The redundant factory building has been demolished. • The Japanese knotweed has been cleared.

Task 5

• Completion of a full aerial survey of the roof of the redundant factory building, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drone.

Assumptions • The proposed office block is under construction (there are workers on site). • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The contaminated ground has been cleared. • The Japanese knotweed has been cleared. • The Riverside Café is in use.

Task 6

• Removal of the asbestos-cement sheet roof on the redundant factory building.

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The contaminated ground around the redundant factory building has been cleared. • The Japanese knotweed has been cleared. • The Riverside Café is in use.

Task 7

• Installation of 20 photovoltaic solar panels on the roof of the existing single-storey offices.

Assumptions • The proposed office block is under construction (there are workers on site). • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has been constructed. • The existing entrance has been closed (600 mm-high boundary wall). • The existing hedge running north to south has been removed. • The contaminated ground has been cleared. • The solar panels are 1,600 mm high, 100 mm wide and weigh 15 kg each.


• The solar panel frames can be fixed directly to the roof material.

• The roof is constructed with trapezoidal box-profile steel sheeting (0.7 mm thick). • The roof pitch is 30 degrees. • Two polycarbonate roof lights (fragile) are located at the north end of the existing offices. • The Japanese knotweed has been cleared. • The Riverside Café is in use.

Construction site drawing 1 – Projects Project 1

• Demolition of a two-storey, brick-built, 1950s redundant factory building.

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • The proposed new entrance has not been constructed. • The proposed offices’ car park has not been constructed. • Access must be via the existing entrance. • The existing hedge running north to south will need to be removed. • The ground around the redundant factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead, which will

need to be dealt with. • An area to the south of the redundant factory building contains an invasive species, Japanese

knotweed. Project 2

• Construction of the proposed new entrance from Brambley Road, and the proposed offices’ car park, which will have 118 parking spaces in total, including 10 disabled spaces (five on the northern side and five on the western side).

Assumptions • The proposed office block has not been constructed. • Initial access must be via the existing entrance. • The existing hedge running north to south will need to be removed. • The existing hedge running east to west will need to be removed near the proposed new entrance. • The beech tree to the eastern side of the proposed new entrance will need to be removed. • The ground around the demolished factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead, which

will need to be dealt with. • An area to the south of the demolished factory building contains an invasive species, Japanese

knotweed. • The existing entrance will need to be closed off and the pavement extended. • The 600 mm-high boundary wall will need to be extended across the existing entrance.


Project 3 • Construction of a four-storey office block (steel frame, piled foundations) with the proposed new

entrance from Brambley Road and construction of the proposed offices’ car park, comprising 118 parking spaces in total, including 10 disabled spaces (five on the northern side and five on the western side).

Assumptions • Initial access must be via the existing entrance. • The existing hedge running north to south will need to be removed. • The existing hedge running east to west will need to be removed near the proposed new entrance. • The beech tree to the eastern side of the proposed new entrance will need to be removed. • The ground around the demolished factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead, which

will need to be dealt with. • An area to the south of the demolished factory building contains an invasive species, Japanese

knotweed. • The existing entrance will need to be closed off and the pavement extended. • The 600 mm-high boundary wall will need to be reinstated across the existing entrance.

Project 4

• Demolition of a two-storey, brick-built, 1950s redundant factory building. • Construction of a four-storey office block (steel frame, piled foundations) with the proposed new

entrance from Brambley Road and construction of the proposed offices’ car park, comprising 118 parking spaces in total, including 10 disabled spaces (five on the northern side and five on the western side).

Assumptions • Initial access must be via the existing entrance. • The existing hedge running north to south will need to be removed. • The existing hedge running east to west will need to be removed near the proposed new entrance. • The beech tree to the eastern side of the proposed new entrance will need to be removed. • The ground around the redundant factory building is contaminated with cadmium and lead, which

needs to be dealt with. • An area to the south of the redundant factory building contains an invasive species, Japanese

knotweed. • The existing entrance will need to be closed off and the pavement extended. • The 600 mm-high boundary wall will need to be reinstated across the existing entrance.


Construction Site Drawing 2 The site is on the outskirts of the town of Brambley. The main greenfield area, surrounding the pond and trees, has been used as a paddock for around 30 years. This area is not fenced off at present. A two-storey 1900s factory building is to the north of Brambley Road. The building has a boiler room on the ground floor. The asbestos register confirms the presence of asbestos-insulated piping in this area (management level survey). The building is of brick construction with slate roof tiles. The building is 8 m to ridge height. The building was used for timber storage, distribution and office space. There is no health and safety file available. There is planning consent in place for 18 houses on the greenfield site (Brambley Close, as outlined on the drawing). A 33 kV power line crosses over Brambley Road. The lowest conductor has a clearance of 12 m above the surface of the road, and the overhead power line gives a clearance of 4 m above the ridge of the two-storey factory building. Brambley Primary School has capacity for a maximum of 160 children aged 4 to 11. The school boundary is enclosed by a 1.8 m-high chain-link fence. School Road is busy, with cars parked there when parents drop off and pick up their children. There is a public footpath running between the existing housing and the school. Approximately 50% of the pupils use this route to access the school. Approximately 30% of the pupils use the pavement to the east of School Road to access the school. The pond and trees are to be retained as part of the development. There is planning permission to partially fill the pond on the northern side to facilitate construction of a road and pavement to service the new brick-and- block housing. The speed limit on Brambley Road is 40 mph. The speed limit on all other roads is 30 mph. The farm entrance is in constant use, seven days a week. There is an ambulance station on School Road, approximately 500 m to the north of the existing greenfield site entrance. There are open land drains to the west, operated by the local internal drainage board (IDB), on the boundary of the farmland and the two-storey factory building. The drains run into a managed surface water system. Access for IDB drain maintenance must be maintained at all times.


Construction Site Drawing 2 – Tasks Task 1

• Pavement repair on School Road.

Assumptions • The pavement is finished with 400 x 400 x 50 mm concrete paving slabs, and requires resurfacing in

the area shown. • The pavement is 1.8 m wide. • There is no pavement on the western side of School Road. • The school is open at this time of the year. • The new development (Brambley Close) is at the groundworks stage. • Renovation of the brick-built, two-storey factory building has been completed.

Task 2

• Removal of asbestos lagging from the factory boiler room.

Assumptions • All housing in Brambley Close has been constructed and is occupied. • The base surfaces and drainage are all in place on Brambley Close. • The slate roof on the factory building is being renovated at the same time. • Parking for the shops and residential accommodation has been developed.

Task 3

• Renovation of the slate roof on the brick-built, two-storey factory building.

Assumptions • Renovation work will require the removal and replacement of all roof tiles. • The asbestos lagging in the boiler room is being removed. • The new development (Brambley Close) has not been started. • Parking for the shops and residential accommodation has been developed.

Task 4

• Repointing of all external brickwork on the two-storey factory building.

Assumptions • The asbestos lagging in the boiler room has been removed. • The slate roof has been renovated. • The new development (Brambley Close) has not been started. • Parking for the shops and residential accommodation has been developed.

Task 5

• Construction of the residential and retail car parking areas for the completed factory building renovation.

Assumptions • The shop and flat conversions have been completed, but have not been handed over to the client. • All housing in Brambley Close has been constructed and is occupied.


Task 6 • Construction of the finished surface of the road and pavements in Brambley Close.

Assumptions • All housing in Brambley Close has been constructed and is occupied. • The base surfaces and drainage are all in place. • The factory building is undergoing renovation at the same time.

Task 7

• Full replacement of the chain-link fence on the southern boundary of Brambley Primary School (from east to west).

Assumptions • All housing in Brambley Close has been constructed and is occupied. • The shop and flat conversions have been completed and handed over to the client. • The work must be carried out during term time (school hours) as the fence has been damaged.

Construction Site Drawing 2 – Projects Project 1

• Renovation of a brick-built, two-storey, 1900s factory building, and conversion and fitting out of three separate shops, with flats on the second storey.

Assumptions • The roof of the factory building has been renovated. • External brickwork has been repointed. • The asbestos lagging in the boiler room has been removed. • Parking for the shops and residential accommodation has been developed. • The new development (Brambley Close) has not been started.

Project 2

• Renovation of a brick-built, two-storey, 1900s factory building, and conversion and fitting out of three separate shops, with flats on the second storey. To include renovation of the slate roof and removal of the asbestos lagging from the boiler room.

Assumptions • External brickwork has been repointed. • Parking for the shops and residential accommodation has been developed. • The new development (Brambley Close) has not been started.

Project 3

• Renovation of a brick-built, two-storey, 1900s factory building, and conversion and fitting out of three separate shops, with flats on the second storey. To include renovation of the slate roof and removal of the asbestos lagging from the boiler room, repointing all external brickwork and the construction of parking for both the shops and the residential flats.

Assumptions • The new development (Brambley Close) is under development.


Project 4 • The construction of six brick-and-block houses in Brambley Close.

Assumptions • No roads have been constructed. • No other housing has been constructed. • The entrance (highlighted) from School Road needs to be constructed, along with haul roads. • The factory building has been converted and is in use.

Project 5

• The construction of six houses in Brambley Close using timber-frame techniques and clad with self- supporting rendered blockwork.

Assumptions • No roads have been constructed. • No other housing has been constructed. • The entrance (highlighted) from School Road needs to be constructed, along with haul roads. • The factory building has been converted and is in use.

Project 6

• The construction of six houses in Brambley Close using prefabricated wood panels, and clad with horizontal, overlapping hardwood weatherboarding.

Assumptions • No roads have been constructed. • No other housing has been constructed. • The entrance (highlighted) from School Road needs to be constructed along with haul roads. • The factory building has been converted and is in use.

Project 7

• The construction of six brick-and-block houses in Brambley Close.

Assumptions • The six timber-frame and six wood-panel houses are now occupied. • All roads on Brambley Close have been constructed to the finished surface. • The entrance from School Road has been constructed. • The factory building has been converted and is in use.

Project 8

• The construction of 18 houses in Brambley Close. • Six houses use brick-and-block construction. • Six houses use timber-frame techniques, and will be clad with self-supporting rendered blockwork. • Six houses use prefabricated wood panels, and will be clad with horizontal, overlapping hardwood

weatherboarding.

Assumptions • No roads have been constructed.

• The entrance (highlighted) from School Road needs to be constructed, along with haul roads. • The factory building is undergoing renovation at the same time.


Construction Site Drawing 3 The railway station is on the outskirts of the market town of Brambley. The station currently has parking for 20 cars, including two disabled spaces, but the parking area needs to be expanded by a further 20 spaces. The finished surface of the car park is tarmac. The tree in the proposed parking area is a beech. Permission has been granted to remove the tree. A single railway line runs east to west, powered by a 25 kV overhead power line. There is an airport boundary approximately 700 m to the west of the railway station. The A108 (concrete surface) dual carriageway (2 x 7.3 m carriageways, separated by a 3 m median with central barrier) was constructed in the 1980s. Permission has been granted to link the A1073 with the A150, using a two-lane, precast concrete bridge. The bridge will be made up of two precast sections, each sufficient to span one carriageway. All required bridge support columns are fully constructed and in position. The ground-bearing capacity is sufficient to accommodate lifting equipment on any level surface, in any area, including roads. The national speed limit applies to all roads in the area, apart from the station’s entrance road, where there is a 10 mph restriction.

Construction Site Drawing 3 – Tasks Task 1

• Road repair on the northern lane of the A150.

Assumptions • The motorway bridge has not been constructed. • The additional station parking has not been constructed.

Task 2

• Road repair on the northern lane of the A150.

Assumptions • The motorway bridge has been completed and is in use. • The additional station parking is under construction.

Task 3

• Pavement repair to the north of the A1073.

Assumptions • The pavement is finished with tarmac and requires resurfacing in the area shown. • The motorway bridge has not been constructed. • The additional station parking has not been constructed.


Task 4 • Pavement repair to the north of the A1073.

Assumptions • The pavement is finished with tarmac and requires resurfacing in the area shown. • The motorway bridge has been completed and is in use. • The additional station parking has been constructed and is in use.

Task 5

• Expansion of the existing parking area (20 additional spaces). Assumptions

• The station is closed to the public and traffic. • Road repairs on the A150 have been completed. • The bridge over the A108 has not been constructed. • The beech tree has been removed.

Task 6

• Bridge construction over the A108 dual carriageway. Assumptions

• Road repairs on the A150 have been completed. • Pavement repair to the north of the A1073 has been completed. • The additional station parking has been constructed and is in use. • The two precast bridge sections will span the dual carriageway from the central bridge support to both

A roads

Construction Site Drawing 3 - Projects Project 1

• Expansion of the existing parking area (20 additional spaces).

Assumptions • Road repairs on the A150 are being completed at the same time. • The pavement repair to the north of the A1073 has been completed. • Ten spaces in the existing car park need to remain open with minimal disruption. • The bridge over the A108 has been constructed. • The beech tree has not been removed.

Project 2

• Bridge construction over the A108 dual carriageway.

Assumptions • Road repairs on the A150 are being completed at the same time. • Pavement repairs to the north of the A1073 are being completed. • The additional station parking is under construction. • The two precast bridge sections will span the dual carriageway from the central bridge support to both

A roads.


Project 3 • Bridge construction over the A108 dual carriageway, road repair on the northern lane of the A150 and

pavement repair to the north of the A1073. Assumptions

• The additional station parking is under construction. • The pavement on the A1073 is finished with tarmac and requires resurfacing in the area shown. • The two precast bridge sections will span the dual carriageway from the central bridge support to both

A roads. • The beech tree in the proposed parking area has been removed.

Project 4

• Bridge construction over the A108 dual carriageway, road repair on the northern lane of the A150, pavement repair to the north of the A1073, and expansion of the existing parking area by 20 additional spaces.

Assumptions • The pavement on the A1073 is finished with tarmac and requires resurfacing in the area shown. • The two precast bridge sections will span the dual carriageway from the central bridge support to both

A roads. • The beech tree has not been removed.


SELF-STUDY EXERCISES

A - Legal and management Confirm your understanding by answering the following questions. If you do not remember the answer, refer to Section A of GE700.

1. Are the following statements about the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA) true or false? a. Employers are required to produce a written health and safety policy where they have five or more

employees. b. Self-employed people do not have duties specifically outlined in HSWA. c. HSWA outlines two general duties placed on an employee of a company. d. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is solely responsible for the enforcement of HSWA. e. HSWA outlines duties which are applicable to manufacturers, designers, importers and suppliers. f. Individuals can be prosecuted under HSWA for interfering with or misusing equipment provided in the

interests of health, safety or welfare. g. Any employee injured at work will automatically receive compensation from their employer.

2. The health and safety policy is required to have the following features. (Fill in the blanks below using the

correct word from those listed)

arrangements reviewed competent communication commitment co-operate organisation consulted

a. A policy statement of intent should demonstrate a clear to health and safety. b. It should contain details of the and for implementing the health and safety policy. c. It should contain details of the method by which the employees will be regarding its

application. d. It must be as often as is appropriate. e. Where there is more than one employer on site, they must with each other concerning

health and safety.

3. Are the following statements about the Approved Codes of Practice (ACoPs) true or false? a. ACoPs are issued by the HSE and offer practical guidance on how the requirements of a specific

legislative requirement (set of regulations) may be met. b. ACoPs are not law but have a special legal status. c. Failure to comply with the guidance contained in an ACoP may be cited in court as evidence of failure

to comply with the requirements of the law.

4. The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA) imposes a general duty on an employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of employees. Give three other employer duties.


5. What is the maximum level of fine for an employer that has contravened Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA)?

a. £20,000. b. £50,000. c. £100,000. d. Unlimited.

6. Are the following statements about the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations true or

false? a. Only health and safety professionals can carry out risk assessments. b. Risk assessments have to take into account the requirements of anyone on site with a

disability (for example, partial deafness). c. A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm. d. It is a valid control measure to choose personal protective measures before collective

protective measures. e. Employers must ensure that a competent person is identified to assist them to interpret and

comply with health and safety legislation. f. Risk assessments only need to be carried out on sites where there are five or more employees. g. An employer must make an assessment of the specific risks to young persons as a

consequence of their lack of experience and/or awareness of existing and potential risks.

7. List, in order, the five steps to risk assessment.

8. In accordance with Section 7 (Employee duties) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA), what are employees’ duties?

9. The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSWA) is specific about HSE inspectors and Local Authority

environmental health officers, and their powers. Give five examples of these powers.

10. What is a fee for intervention (FFI) and when might it be issued?

11. Which enforcement option is most likely to be used by the HSE inspector in each case below? a. The work equipment or systems of work need attention to bring them up to legal compliance.

The HSE inspector will outline the work required to comply with the law within a fixed time period.

b. During a site inspection it is observed that an activity has a serious risk of personal injury. The HSE inspector directs that the work is stopped until corrective action ensuring compliance is implemented.


12. Are the following statements about the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) true or false?

a. All incidents can be reported online but a telephone service is also provided for reporting fatal and specified injuries only.

b. The employer must keep a record if an employee is incapacitated for more than three days as a result of an injury at work.

c. If an employee dies as a result of a reportable injury under RIDDOR within 12 months of the date of the injury, the employer does not have to report the death to the authority.

d. The period of time for an over seven-day injury does not include the day of the accident but it does include weekends or rest days and bank holidays.

e. All cable strikes are reportable under RIDDOR.

13. Working Time Regulations make provision for rest breaks. a. If an adult has worked for six hours, what rest break are they entitled to? b. Where a young person’s daily working time is more than 4.5 hours, what rest breaks are they

entitled to?

14. Give three examples of reportable dangerous occurrences as defined by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR).

15. Are the following statements about the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015

(CDM) true or false? a. CDM Regulations apply to all construction work regardless of the size, nature and duration. b. CDM Regulations apply whether you are working for a domestic or commercial client. c. A construction phase plan is only required for projects that are notifiable under CDM

Regulations. d. Any contractor carrying out construction work must comply with CDM Regulations Part 4

‘General requirements for all construction sites’.

16. Complete the following statements regarding notification requirements under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM).

10 500 F10 20 client F11 30 principal contractor F20 100 principal designer

a. A project is notifiable when the construction work is likely to last longer than

working days and have more than workers working simultaneously at any point, or exceed person days.

b. Where a project is notifiable, the must give notice in writing to the relevant authority as soon as practicable before the construction phase begins. This can be done by using an form.


17. Complete the following statements regarding main roles and duties under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM).

contractor principal designer client designer principal contractor worker

a. The role of the is crucial in ensuring that a construction project is

carried out from start to finish in a way that adequately controls the risks to the health and safety of those who may be affected.

b. The main duty of the is to plan, manage, monitor and co-ordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase of a project.

c. The main duty of the is to plan, manage, monitor and co-ordinate health and safety in the construction phase of a project.

d. The main duty of the is to prepare or modify designs to eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during construction, and the maintenance and use of a building once it is built.

e. The main duty of the is to plan, manage and monitor construction work under their control so that it is carried out without risks to health and safety.

18. Unless they intend to carry out the roles and duties themselves, when must a client appoint a principal

designer and a principal contractor? a. For every project that they will be working on, regardless of the number of days work is

scheduled for. b. When it is known, or reasonably foreseeable, that more than one contractor will be working

on the project at any one time. c. When the HSE advises that it is required due to the number of days work scheduled and the

person hours involved.

d. Only when the project is notifiable because of the number of days work scheduled and the person hours involved.

19. Complete the following statement regarding general duties under the Construction (Design and

Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM).

attitude skills risk assessments money knowledge experience time workers training

a. Any duty holder involved in the project must ensure they have the necessary ,

, and and, if they are an organisation, the organisational capability, necessary to fulfil the role and complete the tasks that they are appointed to undertake, in a manner that secures the health and safety of any person affected by the project.


20. Complete the following statement regarding contractors’ duties under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM).

pay supervision welfare facilities instructions PPE information time reward schemes regular breaks

A contractor must provide each worker under their control with appropriate , and so that construction work can be carried out without risks to health and safety.

21. What main headings should a typical construction phase plan contain?

22. What is the purpose of the health and safety file?

23. Schedule 2 of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) sets out the

minimum health and safety requirements for construction sites. List the five requirements for welfare facilities that must be provided on site.


B – Health and welfare Confirm your understanding by answering the following questions. If you do not remember the answer, refer to Section B of GE700.

1. Are the following statements about dust true or false? a. Exposure to respirable silica dust over a long period can cause fibrosis (hardening or scarring)

of the lung tissue with a consequent loss of lung function. b. Silica dust can be found in concrete blocks, bricks and ceramics. c. Silicosis is not a problem in the construction industry.

2. List the main construction work-related health risks.

3. When must an employer consider introducing a health surveillance programme?

4. List the top five causes of stress in the construction industry.

5. Match the work activity to the disease by drawing a line to link them.

Work with cement Hepatitis

Work with or exposure to asbestos Carpal tunnel syndrome

Exposure to blood or human waste Dermatitis

Work with hand-held vibrating tools Mesothelioma

6. Are the following statements about the Manual Handling Operations Regulations true or false?

a. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations apply to work which involves lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling or carrying.

b. The levels of injuries and ill health caused by poor manual handling are relatively low and of little financial consequence.

c. The HSE has developed a tool called manual handling assessment chart (MAC) to help you assess the most common risk factors in lifting, carrying and team handling.

7. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations set out a hierarchy of measures to reduce the risks of

manual handling. What are they?

8. Are the following statements on personal protective equipment (PPE) true or false? a. PPE should be seen as the last resort. b. Respiratory protective equipment rated FFP3 offers the lowest level of protection. c. If more than one item of PPE needs to be worn at the same time, the employer must ensure

that they are compatible. d. Employers are not responsible for providing, replacing and paying for PPE.


9. Is the following statement true or false?

Face-fit testing should be carried out if you are issuing ‘half-mask’ type respiratory protective equipment (RPE) to workers.

10. Complete the following statements about the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

Regulations.

health surveillance carcinogenic silica hazardous mind-altering monitoring recording sulphur space

a. Substances to health include gases, vapours, liquids, fumes, dusts and solids and

can be part of a mixture of materials. b. dust is a substance hazardous to health.

11. As a minimum, what information, instruction and training should be supplied to employees who may

be exposed to hazardous substances?

12. Name four routes of entry for a harmful substance or human pathogen into the human body.

13. Name two documents which could be used in the management of hazardous substances.

14. Who may undertake a noise assessment and what do they need to be satisfied they have before undertaking the assessment?

15. What must a site manager do when they are advised of the following?

a. That the noise level around a fixed item of machinery (for example, a generator) is 80 dB(A). b. That the noise level around a fixed item of machinery (for example, a generator) is 85 dB(A). c. That the noise level around a fixed item of machinery (for example, a generator) is 87 dB(A).

16. List five points to be considered in the selection and use of hearing protection.

17. What are the health effects caused by exposure to vibrating tools and equipment?

18. What management controls should be adopted to minimise exposure to vibration in the workplace?

19. What do these symbols mean?


20. Are the following statements about dermatitis true or false? a. Dermatitis is an inflammatory condition of the skin. b. Dermatitis is contagious and can be caught from others. c. Dermatitis can affect anyone working with chemicals and/or cement. d. Only a health professional can carry out monthly skin checks.

21. List three common areas where asbestos may be found in a building constructed or refurbished

before the year 2000.

22. State the two types of asbestos survey.

23. The Control of Asbestos Regulations require all duty holders to manage asbestos properly in non- domestic properties. What sources of information must be made available prior to you commencing work?


C – General Safety Confirm your understanding by answering the following questions. If you do not remember the answer, refer to Section C of GE700.

1. What are the main requirements of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) in respect of equipment provided for use at work?

2. State the shape and colour of each of the following types of safety sign and give a relevant example of

each.

Type of sign Shape and colour Example

Prohibition.

Warning.

Mandatory.

Emergency escape or first aid.

3. Are the following statements about the Electricity at Work Regulations true or false?

a. The Electricity at Work Regulations apply to all situations involving electricity, at any place of work, and place legal obligations on duty holders (who may be either an employer or an employee).

b. The Electricity at Work Regulations state that, when working on or near to live electrical parts, the live parts must be made dead at all times.

c. The lack of a hum from a transformer or noise from a motor running is a reliable indication that the power is disconnected and may be relied on as a risk control measure.

4. Are the following statements about electrical safety true or false?

a. The operating voltage of a yellow cable is 110-130 volts. b. Portable appliance testing, as defined in HSG107, suggests that 110 volt portable and hand-

held tools should have a combined inspection and test before first use, and every three months thereafter.

c. Plug in RCDs should be checked before first use, daily at the start of every shift, with a more formal visual inspection every week, and a combined inspection and test every month.

5. What three factors/elements are required for a fire to start?

6. A fire can be classified into one of five categories. Indicate which classification is related to which type

of fire. a. Flammable liquids, oil, paint and fuel. b. Combustible metals and metallic powders, like magnesium. c. Paper, cloth, wood and rubber. d. High temperature cooking oils or fats. e. Flammable gases.


7. List four ways that fire spreads.

8. Is the following statement true or false? Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM), which cover general requirements on construction sites (Part 4), include a section on fire detection and fire- fighting.

9. What vital information should be communicated during plant or equipment familiarisation?

10. Name five steps that an employer must take to ensure work equipment can be used safely?

11. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) require all lifting operations to be

properly planned (by a competent person). List the factors to be considered when planning a lifting operation.

12. If a user organisation contracts out a lifting operation to the crane or lift company, in principle what

does this mean?

13. The competent person (lift planner) must ensure a lifting activity is planned and that it is recorded in a lift plan (method statement). What should take place before the lifting operation commences on site?

14. Under Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) a thorough examination of

equipment and accessories must be carried out by a competent person at regular intervals. What are those intervals?

a. General lifting equipment. b. Lifting accessories. c. Lifting equipment used to raise (lift) or lower people.


D – High Risk Activities Confirm your understanding by answering the following questions. If you do not remember the answer, refer to Section D of GE700.

1. What are the main steps of the hierarchy for working at height, starting with the most important?

2. Working platforms are subject to the requirements of the Work at Height Regulations’ schedules.1 50 470 5 75 500 9 100 950

10 150 970

a. Where there is a risk of injury from a fall, guard-rails should be fitted to a working platform atleast mm above the edge from which persons are liable to fall. There is nominimum legal height of toe-boards under the Work at Height Regulations; however industrypractice recommends a minimum height of mm. Any immediate guard-rail shall bepositioned so that any gap between it and other means of protection is not more than mm.

b. Ladders should be positioned at an angle of °. c. A ladder should extend at least m above the working platform.

3. Are the following statements about using tube and fitting scaffold true or false?a. Even on hard surfaces it is preferable to use a 150 mm x 150 mm base plate for standards.b. Timber sole boards under a single standard must be a minimum size of 36 mm x 150 mm x 250

mm.c. Working platforms must be of sufficient width for the work being undertaken.d. The TG20 Operational guide contains a range of common scaffold configurations and

scaffolding add-on features that do not require additional design.

4. Work at Height Regulations require that any scaffold must be inspected. When and under whatcircumstances should a scaffold be inspected?

5. Name five important elements that should be considered at the planning stage when selecting a mobileelevating work platform (MEWP).

6. Is the following statement true or false?A 1 mm cut in the edge of a webbing lanyard could result in up to 20% loss of strength, depending on the make.

7. At what intervals should a safety harness be inspected and by whom?

8. What important elements must be considered during the inspection of webbing lanyards and harnesses?

9. Who should rig and inspect safety nets?


1 10 25 3 15 45 5 20 90

a. Where safety nets are rigged so that the fall distance is less than 6 m, the safety net mustextend a minimum of m beyond the leading edge where operatives are working.

b. If the working edge is inclined by more than degrees there must always be 3 m beyond the leading edge.

c. When nets are installed, the maximum amount of sag in the net should be no more than% of the bay width.

11. Complete the following statement regarding wind (Beaufort scale).gale strong gale fresh breeze 4–7 8–12 19–24

On the Beaufort scale, if small trees in leaf begin to sway the wind speed is between mph, and if twigs begin to break off trees, the wind is described as a .

12. At what point (in degrees) would a roof no longer be regarded as a flat roof?

13. Give five examples of a surface that could be a fragile roof.

14. A confined space is identified as any place where, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there is a reasonablyforeseeable likelihood of a specific risk existing or being created. What are the specified risks?

15. Give six examples of confined spaces which may be encountered during construction works.

16. Complete the following statements regarding working in confined spaces.5-15 6 20 10 12-16 21

a. The air we breathe normally contains around %. b. Death may follow in minutes if oxygen levels fall to %. c. Methane, which is naturally evolved from sewage or decaying organic matter, is explosive in

the range of % in the air.


10. Complete the following statements.

17. Are the following statements about working in confined spaces true or false? a. Safe working in a confined space can be achieved by the use of a comprehensive permit to

work system, which takes into account all foreseeable hazards. b. A confined space that has been purged by an inert gas (for example, nitrogen) requires no

further action before entry. c. One of the most effective monitoring systems is your own sense of smell. d. The practice of sweetening the atmosphere with oxygen if it has become oppressive or stale

is dangerous. e. If a person collapses in a confined space and the cause is not known, a potential rescuer must

wear breathing apparatus.

18. Are the following statements about excavations true or false? a. A cubic metre of soil can weigh over a tonne. b. Barriers have to be erected around excavations only if a fall would be of 2 m or more. c. Stop blocks should be used to prevent overrunning of the edge by plant or vehicles delivering

material into the excavation. d. Excavations do not need to be inspected by a competent person at the start of every shift.

19. When should an excavation be supported?

a. When it is more than 5 m deep. b. When it is more than 1.2 m deep. c. When there is a risk of the sides falling in.

20. When underground services are suspected on site, describe the precautions that should be

applied to prevent accidental damage or contact.

21. What factors must be considered when deciding how to support a trench?

22. When must an inspection of an excavation be undertaken?

23. List the precautions that should be taken to prevent accidental damage or contact with overhead power lines if they are located on or near to the site.


Documents

SITE SAFETY PLUS Construction site management delegate