‘The Malaysian Alcatraz’

A SITE ANALYSIS OF

PULAU JEREJAK

Mohammad Syarulnizam Irdina Farhanah EliasSiti Munirah Zazarin

Nur Fazlin Zulkifli

KEY PLAN

LOCATION PLAN

JEREJAK ISLAND

SITE PLAN

Defined 100m X 100m boundary

CULTURE AND HISTORY

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

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FRANCIS LIGHT

Francis Light, was believed to be the first to set foot on Pulau Jerejak in 1786, before he went on to discover Pulau Pinang.

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

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LEPERHOSPITAL

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

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2013

THE LEPER CAMP

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Earl

y

17

86

18

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80

18

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1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

Oct

28

1

91

4

Earl

y

17

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2013

A memorial is located in the island dedicated to two crew members of the Imperial Russian Navy who died when their cruiser Zhemchug was sunk by the cruiser SMS Emden of the Kaiserliche Marine in the Battle of Penang

RUSSIANMEMORIAL

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Oct

28

1

91

4

Earl

y

17

86

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2013

After the Second World War, Pulau Jerejak was dubbed as the 'sanatorium' when the island was turned into the refuge for war victims who suffered tuberculosis.

Then, the British colonialists decided to build a sanatorium on the eastern side of the island, to accommodate some 150 people who suffered from leprosy and tuberculosis.

SANATORIUM

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre

Oct

28

1

91

4

Earl

y

17

86

Jun

e 1

2 1

96

9

18

71

18

80

18

75

19

30

2013

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre

The Centre was closed

Oct

28

1

91

4

Earl

y

17

86

Jun

e 1

2 1

96

9

18

71

18

80 O

ct

19

93

18

75

19

30

2013

1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Official opening of Leper Hospital(built in 1868)

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre

The Centre was closed

Pulau Jerejak Resort and Spa

Oct

28

1

91

4

Earl

y

17

86

Jun

e 1

2 1

96

9

18

71

18

80 O

ct

19

93

18

75

20

04

19

30

2013

Pulau Jerejak was turned into a tourist attraction in line with efforts to boost Penang’s tourism sector. In 2003, the island's only resort, the Jerejak Resort and Spa, took shape and began operations in January the next year.

Built on the very spot where the leprosarium used to stand, the resort offers dorms, rooms and chalets for tourists who wish to stay overnight.

PULAUJEREJAK

MACROSITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

CLIMATIC STATISTICS

CLIMATIC STATISTICS

RELATIONSHIP

Low temperature -> High Humidity -> High Precipitation

High Precipitation and Relative Humidity -> High No. of days with rainfall

High temperature -> Low Humidity -> Low Precipitation

Anomalies (April & May) -> Monsoon season

TIDAL PATTERNS

FACTORS AFFECTING TIDAL PATTERNS

1.The MonsoonMalaysia’s weather: characterized by two monsoon regimes:Southwest Monsoon (Apr-Sept)Northeast Monsoon (Oct-March)

Site (Pulau Jerejak) is affected by the SW Monsoon. Hence, during this period (Apr-Sept), tides are predicted to be high due to high rates of precipitation.

2. WIND PATTERNS

• Based on the meteorological data, the occurrence of the SW Monsoon causes temperatures to be high during this period (highest recorded temp. in May: 31°C)

• Also, dominant wind direction between April and September is from the South West

Area receiving most wind is the Southwest (Penang, Malacca, etc)

dominant wind direction

MONTHLY TIDAL PATTERNS OF PULAU PINANG

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

KEY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

KEY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Looking at the average tidal height of each month, it can be summarized that…

April to July: high tideJan to March: low tide

CONCLUSION:Hypothesis approved-SW Monsoon causes April toSept: high tide

SUN PATH ANALYSIS

SUN PATH ANALYSIS

8am 10am 6pm

21st April

Shadow casting due to terrain

LAYERING OF FOREST

EMERGENT LAYER

CANOPY LAYER

UNDERSTORY LAYER

FOREST FLOOR

Eurycoma Long Folia,Tongkat Ali

Vitex (Leban or Kulim Papa)

Shorea coriacea (Meranti)

Buchanania spp (Otak Udang)

Dipterocarpus caudiferus

Anisoptera spp(Mersawa)

10m

60m

35m

20m

Shrubs

SOIL AND ROCKS

SOIL

Soil Composition

MineralOrganic Mat-terWaterAir

25%

25%

46%

4%

PROFILE

ROCKS

SCHIST QUARTZITE GRANITE

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

2001 2003

Removal of historical buildingsGround ‘scars’ of where structures once stood

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

2005 2008

Overgrowth by vegetationSite was not maintainedPreviously inhabited areas covered by vegetation

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

2010 2012

Process of quarrying where old structures used to standSite clearance and removal of topsoil and vegetation

SPATIAL POETICS

SPATIALPOETICS

ENTRAPMENT

HOPE AMIDST DESPAIR

ISOLATION

MICROSITE ANALYSIS

NEIGHBORING CONTEXT

(EXISTING STRUCTURES)

OLD JETTY

OLD OFFICEBuilt in 1911

Located near prisoners’ jetty onThe North West of the island.

Church converted to an office.

Function:Headquarters for warden officials who look after detainees

Then: Arrival Jetty for detainees and leprosy patients. Currently abandoned.

ABANDONED RESERVOIR

Reasons why reservoir not necessary:

No villages in Jerejak, thus, lowering need for huge water supply.

Absence of high mountains/hills indicating more time to fill up reservoir.

Hill cutting will cause mudflow and affect island ecosystem.

DETENTION / QUARANTINE CENTRE

Served from 1969-1993

12th June 1969, maximum security prison was established.

CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN

• Hot and humid Climate• Plenty of openings; windows and metal

grills• Harness most natural lighting during

the day• Maximum air-flow, Allows for good

ventilation

Utilized in Detention Centre & Carpentry Workshop

• Pitch roofs with large overhangs – Minimizes exposed surface

area to sunlight

• Sheds rain

CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN• Overhangs/eaves prevent

water from entering building during heavy rain

• Traps hot air and push it through the air vent design under the roof. 

MATERIALITY

BRICKS• Strong and Durable

• Low-maintenance.

• Acoustic Performance. Given the dense characteristics of a brick, they are utilized to provide noise insulation between structures.

REINFORCED CONCRETE

• Load-Bearing Properties Due to its strength and durability, concrete is used for the erection of supporting structures.

• Re-usable and recyclable

• Cost Effectiveness. Due to its longevity and its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, concrete is often the most economical choice

TIN• Heat Transfer Helps to reduce heat build up in attics and finished rooms

• Tough. Strong enough to resist damage from hail and falling tree limbs

• Readily Available Tapping on natural resource that is available on the island allows for ease in transportation and lowers cost for materials

VIEWSViews to site

Views through siteViews from site

12

3

VIEWS TO SITE

1

2

3

AERIAL VIEW

VIEWS TO SITE

1 2

3

VIEWS THROUGH SITE

1

2

3

1

2

VIEWS THROUGH SITE

1

2

1

VIEWS FROM SITE

1

NOISE

Noise generated from:

*Footsteps and voices of passers-by

-Highly evident during 'peak hours' of trekking

*Boat engines

*Sounds of nature-ranges from the sound of wildlife to the rustling of leaves

SWOTANALYSIS

STRENGTH• Close proximity to shoreline• Relatively flat terrain• Compacted soil due to

previous structural erections and human activities• Located close to historical monuments and structures

OPPORTUNITY• Availability of quarried

materials from previous excavations

• Closest point to Pinang Island has a positive impact on transportation cost

• Utilization of old structures (jetty) to accommodate tourists

WEAKNESS

• Initially quarried area may cause soil to give way

• Uneven terrain for certain parts of the site

• Due to the direction of the current, litter will be deposited along the coastline

THREATS

• Tsunami threats (low-lying area)

• Loosely packed soil due to persistent excavations