Sit Down, Shut Up, and WORK.Write your thoughts on these rules.

• Classes can extend beyond school hours. • Lunch periods are 5 minutes.• All tests are unannounced.• Student council is prohibited.• Any absence results in grade loss.• Protest results in expulsion.

What was the normal relationship between workers and factory owners during the

second industrial revolution?

• Owners forced laborers to work long hours. • Owners cared little about safety in the working areas.• Owners paid low wages. • Managers fired workers for protesting or even

organizing.• Owners wanted laborers to be completely dependent

on the business, not on each other.

• Oil discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859 (new technology—no one had used the “oozing” stuff for fuel ever before)

• Edison invented the light bulb in1879 and created an electric plant to light whole cities.

• Bell invented telephone in 1876. 300,000 businesses had telephones by

1885.• Ford mass produced cars in 1900. He

“invented” assembly in 1913.• Wright brothers flew in 1903.

What are examples of American technologies during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Income controlled by top 10% of the population.

1910 20101950Source: New Yorker Magazine

NowThen

Social Darwinists said “let the strong survive.”• “We are at the top because we

belong at the top.”

Progressives said: “You must treat people fairly.”•Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911—fire escape doors locked, fire ladders too short, 150 people died

Hooray for me!

• They made workers sign contracts promising not to join a union.

• They kept a list of workers who were pro-union.

• They used lockouts to keep union workers out of the workplace.

• They hired strikebreakers to take the jobs of striking workers.

How did BIG BUSINESS control labor?

1. Knights of Labor formed in 1869. They supported negotiation and arbitration to resolve differences.

2. Samuel Gompers formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886. The AFL focused on negotiation and became country’s leading union.

3. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) was formed in 1905 and maintained a philosophy of striking. Many condemned this practice.

Labor unions relied on “collective bargaining”—unions negotiated for workers as a group.

What unions did laborers form to balance out the fight?

What effect did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels have when they emerged on the world stage around 1850?

• They caused laborers to think about their condition.

• They made everyone think about the role of the capitalists.

• They suggested that war was a continual state between the business owners and the workers.

Do Now

How are labor unions linked to immigration? How did one lead to the other?