Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Luitzen de Boer
Jon Halfdanarson
SISVI WP3 International seminar: Shared Value Creation in a supply chain perspective
Trondheim, 2. May 2017
SIS
VI
SIS
VI R
ep
ort
201
7-0
4
NTNU Trondheim Postadresse: 7491 Trondheim
Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Besøksadresse: Alfred Getz vei 1
Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse Telefon: 73 59 35 11
Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse Telefaks 73 59 10 45
Org.nr. 974 767 880
Title: Bærekraftaspekter i innovasjonsprosesser
Report no.:
SISVI Report 2017-04
Project: Sustainable Innovation and Shared Value
Creation in Norwegian Industry
Project no.:
Contracting partners:
Norwegian Research Council
SINTEF Raufoss Manufacturing AS
Cooperating companies:
Plasto AS, Hexagon Ragasco AS, Raufoss Water & Gas
AS, Wonderland AS, Ålesund Kunnskapspark AS,
Forsvarsbygg AS
Date: 2. May 2017
Number of pages: 2
Number of appendices: 1
Authors:
Luitzen de Boer
Jon Halfdanarson
Signature:
Responsible:
Department of industrial economics and technology
management (IOT),
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
(NTNU)
Signature:
Summary:
This report is a summary of the SISVI WP3 International seminar, “Shared Value Creation
in a supply chain perspective”. The seminar was held in English, in Trondheim, Norway.
Professor Thomas Y. Choi, from Arizona State University and now also employed at NTNU
in Trondheim joined us for a seminar on buyer – supplier relationships. His framework for
describing buyer-supplier relations, using terms like relational posture and relational
intensity, was discussed with great interest. Two partner companies were present, and
presented relevant experiences concerning their supplier relations. Associate professor from
the University of Gavle, Rodrigo Lozano also participated, and presented some insight on
corporate sustainability and its stakeholders.
Appendices:
Workshop presentations.
Key words: Marine plastic waste, innovation, shared value creation, Circular business
models, possibilities and barriers
Distribution/access: Open
Contents Participants (11) ......................................................................................................................... 2
Program (Norwegian) ................................................................................................................. 3
Appendix 1 – Seminar presentations .......................................................................................... 4
Participants (11)
Thomas Choi NTNU
Rodrigo Lozano University of Gävle
Per Erik Dalen Ålesund Kunnskapspark
Inger Kristine Liodden Hexagon Ragasco
Luitzen de Boer NTNU
Michael Jenssen NTNU
Marit Moe Bjørnbet NTNU/SRM
Silje Aschehoug Sintef Rausfoss Manufacturing
Paritosh Deshpande NTNU
Heidi Dreyer NTNU
Jon Halfdanarson NTNU
Shared Value Creation in a supply chain perspective
Room 1164, NTNU, Trondheim, Tuesday 2. May 2017 Program
09.30 Welcome and introduction to SISVI, by professor Luitzen de Boer
Company presentations. Supplier relationships and main challenges. - Hexagon Ragasco, by Inger Kristine Liodden - Ålesund Kunnskapspark, by Per Erik Dalen
11.30 – 12.30 Lunch Buyer – supplier relationships, by professor Thomas Choi
- Interactive presentation with discussions Corporate sustainability and stakeholders, by associate professor
Rodrigo Lozano 14.30 – 14.50 Wrap up and summary of the day
Appendix 1 – Seminar presentations
HEX
AG
ON
RAG
ASC
OA
BET
TER
PAT
TER
N F
OR
YO
UR
BU
SIN
ESS
THE
HEX
AG
ON
GR
OU
P O
F C
OM
PAN
IES
2
LIG
HT-
DU
TY V
EHIC
LES
MO
BIL
E PI
PELI
NE®
HYD
RO
GEN
PR
OD
UC
TSLP
G C
YLIN
DER
S
CN
G A
UTO
MO
TIVE
(50%
)*
HIG
H-PR
ESSU
RE
CYL
IND
ERS
CN
G &
HYD
RO
GEN
LO
W-P
RESS
UR
E C
YLIN
DER
S LP
G
* 50%
Agi
lity
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
HEX
AG
ON
CO
MPO
SITE
S G
RO
UP
Hig
h gr
owth
tech
nolo
gy c
ompa
ny m
anuf
actu
ring
com
posi
te p
ress
ure
tank
s an
d as
sem
blin
g sy
stem
s fo
r sto
rage
of n
atur
al g
as, h
ydro
gen
and
prop
ane
•G
loba
l lea
ding
sup
plie
r of c
ompo
site
pre
ssur
e cy
linde
rs
for g
as a
pplic
atio
ns.
•H
eadq
uarte
red
in Å
lesu
nd, N
orw
ay
Aut
omat
ed p
lant
s in
Bra
zil,
Ger
man
y, N
orw
ay a
nd U
SA
•82
0 em
ploy
ees
•O
pera
ting
inco
me
(pro
-form
a) o
f 1,2
21 N
OK
milli
onin
201
6 (a
ppro
x. 1
30 E
UR
milli
on)
•Li
sted
on
Osl
o St
ock
Exch
ange
(HEX
.OL)
m
arke
t cap
of a
ppro
x. 5
20 E
UR
milli
on
4
BR
OA
D IN
TER
NAT
ION
AL
PRES
ENC
E
4
Aale
sund
, Nor
way
Hea
dqua
rters
Kas
sel,
Ger
man
yH
igh-
pres
sure
cyl
inde
rsNi
zhny
Nov
goro
d, R
ussi
aSa
les
offic
e
Sing
apor
eSa
les
offic
e
Bang
alor
e, In
dia
Sale
s of
fice
Barc
elon
a, S
pain
Sale
s re
pres
enta
tive
Klag
enfu
rt, A
ustri
a Sa
les
repr
esen
tativ
e
Sao
Paol
o, B
razi
l Ag
ility
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
Tane
ytow
n, M
aryl
and
Mas
terW
orks
Linc
oln,
Neb
rask
aH
igh-
pres
sure
cyl
inde
rsLi
ncol
n, N
ebra
ska
Agilit
y Fu
el S
olut
ions
(Hea
th, O
hio
Hig
h-pr
essu
re c
ylin
ders
)Ke
low
na, B
C, C
anad
aAg
ility
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
Sant
a An
a, C
AFo
ntan
a, C
AAg
ility
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
Nas
hvill
e, T
NAg
ility
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
Salis
bury
, NC
Agilit
y Fu
el S
olut
ions
Anni
ston
, AL
Agilit
y Fu
el S
olut
ions
Rauf
oss,
Nor
way
Low
-pre
ssur
e cy
linde
rsH
igh-
pres
sure
cyl
inde
rsRa
ufos
s, N
orw
ayAg
ility
Fuel
Sol
utio
ns
Hex
agon
Gro
up a
dmin
istra
tion
and
prod
uctio
n si
tes
Sale
s of
fices
and
repr
esen
tativ
es
Agilit
y Fu
el S
olut
ions
(50%
JV)
Cope
nhag
en, D
enm
ark
Sale
s re
pres
enta
tive
Arnh
eim
, Net
herla
nds
Sale
s re
pres
enta
tive
Paris
, Fra
nce
Sale
s re
pres
enta
tive
OU
R C
OM
PAN
Y
5
WH
O W
E A
RE
•Th
e w
orld
’s le
adin
g m
anuf
actu
rer
of s
tate
-of-t
he-a
rt co
mpo
site
LPG
cy
linde
rs fo
r life
styl
e an
d bu
sine
ss
appl
icat
ions
.
6
EXPE
RIE
NC
ED G
LOB
AL
LEA
DER
•C
ompo
site
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
sin
ce
1985
•LP
G c
ylin
ders
sin
ce 2
000
•In
dust
ry-le
adin
g sa
fety
reco
rd
•O
ver 1
2 m
illion
cyl
inde
rs s
old
wor
ldw
ide
7
OU
R M
ISSI
ON
Thro
ugh
our p
assi
on to
tran
sfor
m th
e us
e of
por
tabl
e ga
s in
to a
saf
er a
nd
mor
e us
er fr
iend
ly e
xper
ienc
e, w
e of
fer s
mar
t cyl
inde
rs th
at e
nhan
ce a
m
oder
n lif
esty
le. W
ith li
ghtw
eigh
t and
dur
able
effi
cien
cy, w
e br
ing
effo
rtles
s co
nfid
ence
to th
e us
e of
gas
–w
here
ver,
whe
neve
r. W
e gi
ve y
ou a
nd y
our
cust
omer
s th
e pe
ace
of m
ind
to fo
cus
on th
ings
that
mat
ter m
ost i
n da
ily
life.
8
Amer
icas
•Ba
rbad
os•
Berm
uda
•C
anad
a•
Chi
le•
Col
ombi
a•
Dom
inic
a•
Gre
nada
•G
uyan
a•
Mex
ico
•Pa
ragu
ay
•St
. Luc
ia•
St. V
ince
nt•
Uru
guay
•U
SA•
Vene
zuel
a
Asia
Pac
ific
•Au
stra
lia•
Bang
lade
sh
•In
dia
•In
done
sia
•Ja
pan
•M
alay
sia
•M
aldi
ves
•N
ew Z
eala
nd•
Philip
pine
s•
Sri L
anka
•Ta
hiti
•Ta
iwan
Euro
pe•
Alba
nia
•Au
stria
•Be
lgiu
m•
Bulg
aria
•C
roat
ia•
Cze
ch R
epub
lic•
Den
mar
k•
Esto
nia
•Fi
nlan
d
•Fr
ance
•G
erm
any
•G
reec
e•
Hun
gary
•Ic
elan
d•
Irela
nd•
Italy
•La
tvia
•Li
thua
nia
•Lu
xem
burg
•N
ethe
rland
s•
Nor
way
•Po
land
•Po
rtuga
l•
Rom
ania
•R
ussi
a•
Slov
akia
•Sp
ain
•Sw
eden
•Sw
itzer
land
•U
K
Mid
dle
East
and
Af
rica
•An
gola
•
Gha
na•
Iraq
•Is
rael
•Ke
nya
•Le
bano
n•
Mau
ritiu
s•
Nig
eria
•Q
atar
•R
wan
da•
Saud
i Ara
bia
•Se
yche
lles
•So
mal
ia•
Sout
h Af
rica
•So
uth
Suda
n•
Suda
n•
Uga
nda
•Zi
mba
bwe
OU
R C
YLIN
DER
S A
RE
CU
RR
ENTL
Y IN
USE
IN:
9
WE
AR
E TH
E PR
EFER
RED
SU
PPLI
ER O
F M
AR
KET
LEA
DER
S IN
EU
RO
PE
Fran
ce•
Anta
rgaz
(UG
I Gro
up)
•Bu
taga
z(D
CC
Gro
up)
Port
ugal
•R
ubis
Portu
gal
Nor
way
•AG
A (L
inde
Gro
up)
•Pr
axai
r
Swed
en•
AGA
(Lin
de G
roup
)•
Prim
agaz
(SH
V G
roup
)
Italy
•Be
yfin
•Bu
tang
as(V
eron
ikiG
roup
)•
Lam
poga
s
Switz
erla
nd•
Flag
a(U
GI G
roup
)•
Soca
r•
Vito
gaz
(Rub
isG
roup
)
Den
mar
k•
Kosa
n G
as (U
GI G
roup
)•
Prim
agaz
(SH
V G
roup
)
UK
•Fl
ogas
(DC
C G
roup
)
Aust
ria•
Dop
pler
•D
rach
enga
s(V
eron
ikiG
roup
)•
Flag
a(U
GI G
roup
)
Icel
and
•AG
A (L
inde
Gro
up)
•G
asfé
lagi
ð
Finl
and
•AG
A (L
inde
Gro
up)
•N
este
•Te
boil
(Luk
oil G
roup
)
Irela
nd•
Flog
as(D
CC
Gro
up)
The
Neth
erla
nds
•Be
nega
s (D
CC
Gro
up)
Bel
gium
•An
targ
az(U
GI G
roup
)
10
Gre
ece
•FG
as•
Petro
gaz
(Ver
onik
iGro
up)
OU
R P
RO
DU
CTS
11
CYL
IND
ER C
ON
STR
UCT
ION
ALL
OW
ING
CAS
ING
PA
RTS
REP
LAC
EMEN
T
1. S
eam
less
po
lym
er li
ner
2. G
lass
fibr
e re
info
rced
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
3. D
urab
le o
uter
ca
sing
with
pr
oprie
tary
de
sign
•Pi
ece
cons
truct
ion
•Po
ssib
ility
to
repl
ace
parts
12
•R
egul
ator
y m
arki
ngs
perm
anen
tly
engr
aved
on
the
pres
sure
ves
sel’s
bos
s:P
rodu
cer’s
nam
e S
eria
l num
ber
Man
ufac
turin
g ye
ar &
mon
thT
est p
ress
ure
Em
pty
wei
ght
Wat
er c
apac
ityS
tand
ard
refe
renc
eN
otifi
ed b
ody
Min
imum
ope
ratin
g te
mpe
ratu
reT
hrea
ding
of t
he b
oss
•Al
low
s fo
r eas
ier r
epla
cem
ent o
f cas
ing
spar
e pa
rts
13
OU
R R
EGU
LATO
RY M
AR
KIN
GS
AR
E PE
RM
AN
ENTL
Y PA
RT
OF
THE
PRES
SUR
E VE
SSEL
VALV
E/ C
YLIN
DER
SPE
CIF
IC IN
TER
FAC
E
Stan
dard
Inte
rface
depe
nden
t on
coun
try
M26
or M
34 p
aral
lel
thre
ad a
nd O
-ring
for
tight
ness
allo
ws
for
limite
d to
rque
use
(re
duce
s ris
k of
cre
atin
g le
ak b
etw
een
pres
sure
ve
ssel
’s li
ner a
nd b
oss)
LPG
Flo
w D
iffus
er to
el
imin
ate
any
risk
of
char
ge fr
om s
tatic
el
ectri
city
14
OU
R C
YLIN
DER
S A
RE:
Safe
r•
Pres
sure
test
s sh
ow o
ur
com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
with
stan
d m
ore
than
50%
hig
her b
urst
pr
essu
res
than
thei
r ste
el
coun
terp
arts
•U
nriv
alle
d sa
fety
reco
rd
15
OU
R C
YLIN
DER
S A
RE:
Ligh
ter
•O
ur c
ompo
site
cyl
inde
rs a
re h
alf
the
wei
ght o
f the
ir st
eel
equi
vale
nts
•Ea
sier
to h
andl
e an
d tra
nspo
rt -a
nd u
ltim
atel
y le
ss c
ostly
as
you
spen
d le
ss m
oney
to h
aul m
ore
gas
•Fo
r con
sum
ers,
eas
ier t
o lif
t, ch
ange
and
refil
l
16
OU
R C
YLIN
DER
S A
RE:
Cor
rosi
on-fr
ee•
Com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
do
not r
ust,
corro
de o
r det
erio
rate
like
ste
el
•Lo
nger
last
ing
and
clea
ner i
n us
e
•Le
ave
no s
tain
s on
sur
face
s (d
eck,
ca
r, bo
at…
)
Accu
mul
ated
mai
nten
ance
ove
r tim
e of
Hex
agon
Rag
asco
cyl
inde
rs
vs s
teel
17
DO
MES
TIC
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS
Coo
king
Hea
ting
18
LIFE
STYL
E A
PPLI
CAT
ION
S
Bar
becu
eM
obile
hom
eM
arin
e
19
BU
SIN
ESS
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS
Fork
lift
truc
ksLa
wn-
mow
ing
Floo
r pol
ishi
ng
Cre
dit:
Brig
gs &
Stra
tton
Prod
ucts
Gro
up
20
TEC
HN
ICA
L IN
FOR
MAT
ION
CER
TIFI
CAT
ION
S
Inte
rnat
iona
l cer
tific
atio
nsN
orth
Am
eric
a•
Appr
oved
acc
ordi
ng to
ISO
9001
: Qua
lity
Man
agem
ent
Syst
ems
•Ap
prov
ed a
ccor
ding
to I
SO11
119-
3: G
as c
ylin
ders
–R
efilla
ble
com
posi
te g
as c
ylin
ders
and
tube
s. P
art 3
: Fu
lly w
rapp
ed re
info
rced
com
posi
te g
as c
ylin
ders
and
tu
bes
up to
450
L w
ith n
on-lo
ad s
harin
g m
etal
lic o
r non
-m
etal
lic li
ners
.
•EN
122
45 T
rans
porta
ble
Gas
Cyl
inde
rs-F
ully
-wra
pped
co
mpo
site
cyl
inde
rs
•EN
144
27 T
rans
porta
ble
refil
labl
e co
mpo
site
cyl
inde
rs
for L
PG –
Des
ign
and
cons
truct
ion
•O
ther
app
rova
ls in
aro
und
77 c
ount
ries
•U
SA -
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tra
nspo
rtatio
n (D
OT)
Spe
cial
Pe
rmit
SP-1
2706
•C
anad
a -T
rans
port
Can
ada
(TC)
Equ
ival
ence
C
ertif
icat
e, L
evel
of S
afet
y SU
-593
1
All T
ype
Appr
oval
cer
tific
ates
issu
ed b
y TÜ
V Rh
einl
and 22
TEC
HN
ICA
L SP
ECIF
ICAT
ION
S
Spec
ifica
tions
112
,5 L
18,2
L24
,5 L
26,2
L27
,4 L
33,5
L
Prop
ane
Cap
acity
(kg)
5,0
7,5
10,0
10,7
11,2
kg
14,0
But
ane
Cap
acity
(kg)
6,0
8,5
12,0
12,8
13,4
kg
16,5
Empt
yw
eigh
t2 (k
g)3,
44,
15,
05,
15,
36,
3
Wat
er c
onte
nt(L
)12
,518
,224
,526
,227
,433
,5
Hei
ght (
mm
)38
446
857
159
562
271
5
Dia
met
er (m
m)
305
305
305
305
305
305
1. A
ll va
lues
are
nom
inal
. 2. W
ithou
t val
ve23
TEC
HN
ICA
L SP
ECIF
ICAT
ION
S
Spec
ifica
tions
111
lbs
17 lb
s22
lbs
31 lb
s
Prop
ane
Cap
acity
(lbs
)11
16,8
522
31
But
ane
Cap
acity
(lbs
)13
,218
,70
2637
Tare
wei
ght2
(lbs)
8,6
10,3
12,0
15,4
Wat
er c
apac
ity(lb
s)27
,540
,453
75
Hei
ght (
in)
15,1
18,3
22,5
28,3
Dia
met
er (i
n)12
1212
12
1. A
ll va
lues
are
nom
inal
. 2. W
ith v
alve
24
STAT
E-O
F-TH
E-A
RT
MA
NU
FAC
TUR
ING
PLA
NT
•Ad
vanc
ed p
rodu
ctio
n pl
ant i
n N
orw
ay –
the
only
one
of i
ts k
ind
in th
e w
orld
•Fu
lly-a
utom
ated
, hig
h-sp
eed
prod
uctio
n lin
e, c
apab
le o
f pro
duci
ng u
p to
2m
illion
cy
linde
rs p
er y
ear
•IS
O90
01 c
ertif
icat
ion
cove
rs a
ll st
eps
in
the
valu
e ch
ain
and
all p
roce
sses
25
MA
NU
FAC
TUR
ING
PR
OC
ESS
•Fi
berg
lass
fil
amen
ts w
ound
ar
ound
line
r and
ov
en c
ured
•Pn
eum
atic
pr
essu
re te
st to
30
/33
bar.
•Ti
ghtn
ess
test
to
18 b
ar w
ith
heliu
m
•H
DPE
out
er
casi
ng in
ject
ion
mou
lded
.
•Th
ree
piec
es a
nd
mec
hani
cal j
oint
•H
DPE
line
r blo
w
mou
lded
AVVE
NTE
R
RIK
TIG
BI
LDE
FRA
RO
NN
Y
26
OU
R Q
UA
LITY
ASS
UR
AN
CE
•St
rict Q
A sy
stem
ens
ures
tota
l tra
ceab
ility
–fro
m ra
w m
ater
ials
th
roug
h to
fini
shed
pro
duct
s
•O
ver 3
5 po
ints
dur
ing
man
ufac
ture
w
here
pro
duct
ion
data
on
each
cy
linde
r is
colle
cted
and
sto
red
27
PER
IOD
ICR
ETES
T -
PRO
CED
UR
E
•Th
e pr
oced
ure
for p
erio
dic
rete
st fo
r com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
is n
ot y
et
spec
ified
in A
DR
/RID
•W
e re
com
men
d re
fere
nce
to E
N14
40 o
r ISO
1162
3
•Th
e re
fere
nced
sta
ndar
ds a
re o
pen
to s
ever
al p
roce
dure
s
•R
etes
t pro
cedu
re m
ust b
e ra
tifie
d by
the
com
pete
nt b
ody
in e
ach
coun
try
•H
exag
on R
agas
co re
com
men
dsI
nter
nal /
Ext
erna
l vis
ual i
nspe
ctio
n (w
ith li
ght s
ourc
e)P
ress
ure
test
(hyd
raul
ic o
r pne
umat
ic)
Lea
k tig
htne
ss te
st w
ith v
alve
inst
alle
d
De-
valv
ing
Visu
al
Insp
ectio
n Ex
tern
al
Visu
al
Insp
ectio
n w
ith
Inte
rnal
lig
ht s
ourc
e
Pres
sure
Te
stEv
acua
tion
Valv
ing
Leak
Tes
t
Mar
king
with
date
fo
r nex
tre
test
EUR
OPE
AN
CO
MPA
NIE
SR
E-Q
UA
LIFY
ING
OU
R C
YLIN
DER
S
Fran
ce•
Gaz
Liqu
efié
sIn
dust
rie(G
LI) S
as
Port
ugal
•Pr
ozin
co –
Con
stru
ção
e m
anut
ençã
o S.
A.
Ger
man
y•
Schä
psm
eyer
Gm
bH•
Gas
flasc
henw
erk
Grü
nhai
nG
mbH
Den
mar
k•
Cyl
indr
icD
enm
ark
A/S
UK
•So
uth
Staf
f Ind
ustri
es L
tdC
zech
Rep
ublic
•C
yTec
Cyl
inde
r Te
chno
logi
es s
.r.o.
Finl
and
•O
y In
noga
s Ab
•
Vakk
a-Ka
asu
Oy
Luxe
mbo
urg
•Pr
esta
Cyl
inde
rs S
.aR
.l.
29
REC
YCLI
NG
CYL
IND
ERS
HD
PE c
asin
gC
asin
g re
mov
ed, m
ater
ial
shre
dded
and
re-u
sed
HD
PE li
ner
Mat
eria
l shr
edde
d an
d re
-use
d
Fibe
rand
resi
nSh
redd
ed, h
eat t
reat
ed a
nd re
-us
ed
Bra
ss p
arts
Mel
ted
dow
n an
d re
-use
d af
ter
rem
oval
30
BR
AN
DIN
G
31
TAIL
OR
-MA
DE
DES
IGN
TO
STR
ENG
THEN
YO
UR
BR
AN
D
•St
reng
then
you
r bra
nd w
ith a
rang
e of
cyl
inde
rs c
usto
miz
ed w
ith y
our
com
pany
col
or a
nd lo
go.
•To
p an
d bo
ttom
cas
ing
can
be c
olor
-m
atch
ed to
you
r bra
nd.
•C
ompa
ny lo
go o
r mar
ketin
g m
essa
ge c
an e
ither
be
embo
ssed
or
prin
ted
in fu
ll co
lor.
•Fu
ll co
lor p
rint (
Hot
stam
p) o
n up
per
part
of c
ylin
der c
asin
g (m
ax 1
00 m
m
wid
e an
d 55
mm
hig
h). A
vaila
ble
in
a w
ide
rang
e of
col
ors.
32
REF
EREN
CES
But
agaz
, Fr
ance
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
DC
C G
RO
UP
Flog
as,
UK
and
Irel
and
Ben
egas
, Th
e N
ethe
rland
s
34
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
LIN
DE
GR
OU
P
Aga,
Fi
nlan
d, Ic
elan
d, N
orw
ay a
nd S
wed
en
35
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
RU
BIS
GR
OU
P Vito
gaz,
Switz
erla
ndR
ubis
,W
est I
ndie
s
36
Rub
is,
Ber
mud
aR
ubis
,Po
rtug
al
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
SHV
GR
OU
P
Prim
agaz
, D
enm
ark
and
Swed
en
37
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
UG
I GR
OU
P
Kos
an G
as,
Den
mar
kFl
aga,
Au
stria
and
Sw
itzer
land
Anta
rgaz
, B
elgi
um a
nd F
ranc
e
38
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES -
AFR
ICA
Safe
Gas
, K
enya
, Rw
anda
and
Som
alia
Vivo
(She
ll),
Mau
ritiu
s an
d U
gand
a
39
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES -
ASI
A
EC G
as,
Phili
ppin
esW
agas
, Ta
iwan
40
Bex
imco
Petr
oleu
m,
Ban
glad
esh
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
EUR
OPE
Bey
fin,
Italy
Dop
pler
, Au
stria
Lam
poga
s,
Italy
41
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES -
MID
DLE
EA
ST
Gas
co, S
audi
Ara
bia
Woq
od, Q
atar
Haz
aar,
Saud
iAra
bia
42
Gas
Fill
ing
Com
pany
Taj
i, Ira
q
PDV
Gas
Com
unal
, Ve
nezu
ela
SOM
E R
EFER
ENC
ES –
SOU
TH A
MER
ICA
Lipi
gas,
C
hile
43
Meg
al,
Uru
guay
SOM
ER
EFER
ENC
ES –
ISLA
ND
S
Mal
dive
Gas
Gaz
de T
ahiti
Haw
ai’i
Gas
, USA
Seyc
helle
s Pe
trol
eum
Com
pany
44
TEST
IMO
NIA
LS
•S
ince
we
intro
duce
d th
e co
mpo
site
LP
G c
ylin
ders
from
Hex
agon
Rag
asco
in
1999
, we
have
sol
d ov
er 1
.5 m
illio
n un
its in
Nor
ther
n E
urop
e, e
spec
ially
in
Sw
eden
, Nor
way
and
Fin
land
. Hex
agon
Rag
asco
’sm
oder
n pr
opan
e cy
linde
rs
help
ed u
s in
crea
se o
ur m
arke
t sha
re a
nd th
e gr
owth
we
have
exp
erie
nced
si
nce
the
laun
ch h
as s
urpa
ssed
our
bes
t est
imat
es a
nd e
xpec
tatio
ns.
Mor
ten
Ron
ess,
Reg
iona
l Pro
duct
Man
ager
, Eur
ope
Nor
th, A
GA,
Lin
de
Gro
up.
•W
e w
ere
the
first
to in
trodu
ce H
exag
on R
agas
co c
ompo
site
cyl
inde
rs in
Isra
el
not o
nly
as a
pro
duct
that
wou
ld in
crea
se o
ur s
ales
, but
als
o w
ould
rein
forc
e ou
r pos
ition
as
mar
ket l
eade
r and
inno
vato
r. Fo
cusi
ng o
n its
ligh
twei
ght a
nd
trans
luce
ncy,
we
nam
ed it
"PIC
KS
EE
”. W
ithin
two
mon
ths,
and
toge
ther
with
targ
eted
mar
ketin
g ca
mpa
igns
mai
nly
for b
arbe
cue
use,
sal
es o
f cyl
inde
rs in
crea
sed
dram
atic
ally
and
our
mar
ket
shar
e gr
ew.
New
cus
tom
ers
are
seek
ing
the
new
revo
lutio
nary
cyl
inde
r; it
is
a m
arke
t gam
e ch
ange
r. M
icha
el F
radi
s, V
ice
Cha
irman
, AM
ISR
AGAS
, Isr
ael.
45
TEST
IMO
NIA
LS
•H
exag
on R
agas
co c
ompo
site
LP
G c
ylin
ders
are
cha
ngin
g th
e LP
G in
dust
ry in
th
e P
hilip
pine
s w
ith th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
saf
er, m
ore
conv
enie
nt a
nd m
ore
dura
ble
char
acte
ristic
s fo
r hom
e-us
e co
mpa
red
to s
teel
cyl
inde
rs. E
C G
as
cust
omer
s ha
ve re
porte
d go
od re
view
s w
here
in th
ey g
reat
ly a
ppre
ciat
e th
e tra
nslu
cenc
y of
the
cylin
ders
and
the
appe
alin
g de
sign
.JC
Mar
tínez
, Div
isio
n M
anag
er, E
aste
rn C
ompo
site
Gas
, Phi
lippi
nes.
•W
e in
trodu
ced
Kos
anga
sLi
ght (
Hex
agon
Rag
asco
com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
) int
o th
e D
anis
h m
arke
t in
2001
. Sin
ce th
en a
gre
at n
umbe
r of c
usto
mer
s ha
ve
expe
rienc
ed th
e be
nefit
s of
the
com
posi
te g
as c
ylin
der b
rand
ed u
nder
the
tag
line:
Lig
ht, C
lear
and
Saf
e. K
osan
gas
Ligh
t has
mad
e lif
e ea
sier
for o
ur
deal
ers,
com
mer
cial
and
dom
estic
cus
tom
ers
–bo
th fo
r out
door
s an
d in
door
s us
e.
The
light
wei
ght c
ylin
der h
as h
ad a
n en
orm
ous
influ
ence
on
the
popu
larit
y of
cy
linde
red
gas
for h
ome
use
and
is to
day
the
first
cho
ice
of g
as c
ylin
ders
; a
succ
ess
stor
y.
Sann
eM
ølle
rNie
lsen
, Nor
dic
Mar
ketin
g M
anag
er, K
osan
Gas
a/s
, D
enm
ark,
UG
I Gro
up.
46
TEST
IMO
NIA
LS
•Vi
king
Cyl
inde
rs, w
hich
is H
exag
on R
agas
co N
orth
Am
eric
an b
rand
, are
idea
l fo
r Haw
aii’s
trop
ical
clim
ate.
The
y ar
e ru
st p
roof
, lig
htw
eigh
t and
sta
ckab
le,
idea
l for
the
spac
e co
nstra
ints
that
com
es w
ith is
land
livi
ng.
Vik
ing
Cyl
inde
rs
are
of th
e hi
ghes
t qua
lity
cons
truct
ion
and
very
saf
e. I
am
ext
rem
ely
prou
d th
at m
y co
mpa
ny o
ffers
Vik
ing
Cyl
inde
rs to
cus
tom
ers
in th
e cy
linde
r ex
chan
ge p
rogr
am.
Che
ryl L
ien-
Fua,
Cyl
inde
rExc
hang
e Pr
ogra
mM
anag
er, H
AWAI
'I G
AS,
USA
.
•W
e in
trodu
ced
the
com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
man
ufac
ture
d by
Hex
agon
Rag
asco
in
to th
e K
enya
n m
arke
t in
Dec
embe
r 201
3 un
der t
he n
ame
Saf
e G
as. W
ithin
th
e fe
w m
onth
s th
at th
e pr
oduc
t has
bee
n in
the
mar
ket,
we
have
man
aged
to
acqu
ire d
istri
buto
rs fo
r the
cyl
inde
rs, p
artn
ered
with
cor
pora
tes
and
Sav
ings
an
d C
redi
t Co-
oper
ativ
es a
s w
ell a
s so
ld th
e pr
oduc
t to
indi
vidu
al c
usto
mer
s w
ho a
re e
xcite
d by
the
grea
t inn
ovat
ion
of th
e co
mpo
site
gas
cyl
inde
r. W
e ar
e gl
ad to
hav
e pa
rtner
ed w
ith H
exag
on R
agas
co a
nd fo
rese
e a
grea
t fut
ure
as
we
grow
toge
ther
in th
e gr
eate
r Eas
t Afri
can
regi
on.
Abdu
lazi
z M
. Abd
i, M
anag
ing
Dire
ctor
, Saf
e En
ergy
, Ken
ya.
47
TEST
IMO
NIA
LS
•Th
e 17
pou
nds
Hex
agon
Rag
asco
com
posi
te c
ylin
ders
wer
e in
trodu
ced
to th
e B
erm
uda
mar
ket i
n 20
12. T
he c
ylin
ders
are
offe
red
thro
ugho
ut o
ur
reta
il se
rvic
e st
atio
n ne
twor
k on
an
exch
ange
bas
is. A
lthou
gh m
ore
cost
ly
than
ste
el th
e ad
vant
ages
mak
e th
is th
e cy
linde
r of c
hoic
e. T
he h
arsh
en
viro
nmen
t (sa
lt ai
r) in
Ber
mud
a re
duce
s th
e lif
e of
a s
teel
cyl
inde
r to
7 or
8 y
ears
. Thi
s is
onl
y ac
hiev
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
a c
ostly
mai
nten
ance
pr
ogra
m. N
o m
aint
enan
ce a
nd h
igh
dura
bilit
y m
akes
for a
sou
nd
inve
stm
ent,
than
k yo
u H
exag
on R
agas
co!
Dav
id R
ose,
Man
agin
g D
irect
or, R
UB
iSEn
ergy
Ber
mud
a, R
UB
IS
Gro
up
48
EXTR
A FE
ATU
RES
49
RFI
D: K
EEPI
NG
TR
AC
K O
F YO
UR
CYL
IND
ERS
•H
exag
on R
agas
co c
ylin
ders
can
be
sup
plie
d w
ith R
FID
chi
ps
inst
alle
d by
IDTE
K
•Al
l RFI
D n
umbe
rs lo
gged
on
a cu
stom
ized
com
pany
dat
abas
e
•Al
low
s co
st-e
ffect
ive
man
agem
ent
of c
ylin
der s
tock
s th
roug
h th
e w
hole
sup
ply
chai
n
•Al
low
s im
prov
ed ro
tatio
n of
cy
linde
rs a
nd b
ette
r cus
tom
er
serv
ice
•W
ith R
FID
the
Rea
l Cyl
inde
r D
eliv
ery
Cyc
le c
an b
e m
easu
red
50
RFI
D: E
ND
-TO
-EN
D D
IGIT
AL
LPG
OPE
RAT
ION
S B
Y PE
GA
SUS
•Ph
ysic
al T
rack
ing
& C
RM
•D
igita
l Con
trol &
Ben
chm
arki
ng
51
THA
NK
YOU
sale
sare
a@he
xago
nrag
asco
.com
02.0
5.17
Per E
rik D
alen
SISV
I
SAM
SPIL
L
Klyn
gepr
osje
ktIn
kuba
tort
jene
ster
Pros
jekt
Kom
plet
t ink
ubat
orsy
stem
Grü
nder
e og
ent
repr
enør
er m
ed p
oten
siale
for v
ekst
hopp
id.n
oPr
ekub
ator
FOU
-inku
bato
rIn
dust
ri-in
kuba
tor
Stud
entin
kuba
tor
Ung
t Ent
repr
enør
skap
Eros
INGREDIENTS FOOD
SUPP
LIER
S
R&D
&I
+ ed
ucat
ion
FIN
ANCE
MED
LEM
MER
JAN
UAR
2017
PIO
NEE
RIN
G T
HE
BLU
E
STRA
TEG
I Inno
vatio
nsp
eed
«Com
mod
ities»
«Followers»
Blue
Inno
vatio
nAr
ena
•«N
orge
s rå
este
in
nova
sjon
sare
na»
•VR
Stud
io•U
nike
visu
alise
rings
flate
r•S
tart
upLa
b
BLU
E IN
NO
VATI
ON
ARE
NA
VR la
bSt
artu
pla
bBu
sine
ss d
evel
opm
entl
ab
Fast
trac
kto
inno
vatio
n10
0 m
² m
egas
cree
n
360
STAR
T U
P LA
B
ÅKP
AKTI
VITE
TER
ÅKP START UP
ÅKP BLUE INNOVATION ARENA
HEL
SE
VELF
ERD
STEK
NO
LOG
I
IKT
MED
IA O
G K
OM
MU
NIK
ASJO
N
REIS
ELIV
OFF
ENTL
IGE
VIRK
SOM
HET
ER
Takk
for o
ppm
erks
omhe
ten!
ww
w.a
akp.
no
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.1
Buy
er-S
uppl
ier R
elat
ions
hips
Thom
as Y
. Cho
i, Ph
.D.
Har
old
E. F
earo
n C
hair
in P
urch
asin
g M
anag
emen
tEx
ecut
ive
Dire
ctor
of C
APS
Res
earc
hW
. P. C
arey
Sch
ool o
f Bus
ines
sA
rizon
a St
ate
Uni
vers
ity
May
201
7
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.2
Que
stio
ns
•W
hat i
s yo
ur o
rgan
izat
ion’
s ba
sic
busi
ness
mod
el—
wha
t is
your
val
ue
prop
ositi
on to
you
r cus
tom
ers?
•W
hat r
ole
do y
our s
uppl
iers
pla
y in
th
at p
roce
ss?
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.3
Team
Bre
akou
t•
Who
are
you
r maj
or s
uppl
iers
?•
How
long
hav
e yo
u w
orke
d w
ith th
em?
•An
y go
od e
xper
ienc
es?
Not
so
good
ex
perie
nces
? An
y “u
gly”
exp
erie
nces
?•
Cou
ld y
ou p
lace
them
on
the
buye
r-su
pplie
r rel
atio
nshi
p co
ntin
uum
of
“adv
ersa
rial”
to “c
oope
rativ
e”?
•Ex
plai
n yo
ur c
hoic
es.
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.4
Cur
rent
Buy
er-S
uppl
ier
Rel
atio
nshi
p Fr
amew
ork
•Ad
vers
aria
l Rel
atio
nshi
p–
Shor
t-ter
m p
ersp
ectiv
e–
Arm
s-le
ngth
ope
ratio
ns•
Coo
pera
tive
Rel
atio
nshi
p–
Long
-term
per
spec
tive
–C
lose
ly-ti
ed o
pera
tions
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.5
Poin
te o
f Dep
artu
re
•R
elat
iona
l Pos
ture
•R
elat
iona
l Int
ensi
ty
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.6
Expa
nded
Buy
er-S
uppl
ier
Rel
atio
nshi
p Ty
polo
gy
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.7
New
Buy
er-S
uppl
ier F
ram
ewor
k
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.8
Prop
ositi
ons
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.9
Sam
ple
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.10
Toyo
ta M
otor
Nor
th A
mer
ica
Dee
pSt
icky
Tran
sien
tG
raci
ous
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.11
Res
ults
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.12
Dee
p R
elat
ions
hip
The
deep
rela
tions
hip
enta
ils a
“sta
ble”
but
“r
igid
” rel
atio
nshi
p
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.13
Stic
ky R
elat
ions
hip
The
stic
ky re
latio
nshi
p is
abo
ut it
s “la
ck o
f re
latio
nal s
yner
gy” a
nd a
mpl
e “o
ppor
tuni
sm.”
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.14
Tran
sien
t Rel
atio
nshi
pTh
e tra
nsie
nt re
latio
nshi
p re
flect
s a
high
le
vel o
f “am
bigu
ity” b
ut a
t the
sam
e tim
e a
high
leve
l of “
flexi
bilit
y.”
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.15
Gra
ciou
s R
elat
ions
hip
The
grac
ious
rela
tions
hip
wou
ld o
ffer a
low
le
vel o
f “co
ntro
l” ye
t lea
d to
a h
igh
leve
l of
“inno
vatio
n.”
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.16
Con
clud
ing
Thou
ghts
•D
eep
B-S
Rel
atio
nshi
p–
May
be n
ot th
e ul
timat
e–
Goo
d fo
r effi
cien
cy b
ut la
ckin
g in
bot
tom
-up
chan
ges
•G
raci
ous
B-S
Rel
atio
nshi
p–
Impo
rtant
–Po
tent
ially
goo
d fo
r inn
ovat
ive
idea
s
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.17
Con
clud
ing
Thou
ghts
(con
ti)
•Tr
ansi
ent B
-S R
elat
ions
hip
–So
me
adva
ntag
es–
Mar
ket p
roce
ss a
nd fl
exib
ility
•St
icky
B-S
Rel
atio
nshi
p–
Like
a b
ad m
arria
ge–
Littl
e sy
nerg
y an
d lo
ts o
f opp
ortu
nism
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.18
Team
Bre
akou
t
•Th
ink
abou
t how
you
mig
ht p
lace
som
e of
you
r sup
plie
rs in
one
of t
he fo
ur
quad
rant
s.
•Fe
el fr
ee to
con
side
r sup
plie
rs o
ther
th
an o
nes
from
ear
lier.
Find
at l
east
one
su
pplie
r for
eac
h qu
adra
nt.
•Pr
epar
e st
orie
s as
soci
ated
with
thes
e su
pplie
rs.
We
empo
wer
sup
ply
chai
n pr
ofes
sion
als
with
pro
foun
d di
scov
ery,
po
wer
ful c
onne
ctio
n, a
nd c
lear
fore
sigh
t.19
Dis
cuss
ion
•Le
t’s c
onsi
der s
uppl
iers
in v
ario
us
quad
rant
s.•
How
are
thes
e su
pplie
rs s
imila
r or
diffe
rent
from
the
“maj
or” s
uppl
iers
we
cons
ider
ed e
arlie
r?•
Ove
rall,
how
do
you
thin
k yo
ur s
uppl
iers
ar
e di
strib
uted
acr
oss
the
four
qua
dran
ts?
•W
hat d
o w
e ta
ke a
way
from
this
exe
rcis
e?
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
an
d st
akeh
olde
rsR
odrig
o Lo
zano
, PhD
emai
l: ro
drig
o.lo
zano
@hi
g.se
& ro
dloz
ano@
org-
sust
aina
bilit
y.co
mA
ssoc
iate
Pro
fess
orU
nive
rsity
of G
ävle
May
, 201
7Tr
ondh
eim
, Nor
way
Cor
pora
tions
•The
rece
nt s
hift
in fo
cus
to c
orpo
ratio
ns, p
artic
ular
ly th
e la
rger
on
es, i
n th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
deba
te (C
anno
n, 1
994;
Elk
ingt
on, 2
002,
200
5;
Har
t, 20
00) ,
has
aris
en b
ecau
se th
ey a
re p
erce
ived
to b
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
r man
y ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocie
tal
impa
cts
(Dun
phy,
Grif
fiths
, & B
enn,
200
3; H
art,
2000
)
•Non
ethe
less
, cor
pora
tions
hav
e th
e re
sour
ces,
tech
nolo
gy,
glob
al re
ach,
mar
ketin
g sk
ills, a
nd th
e m
otiv
atio
n to
wor
k to
war
ds m
ore
sust
aina
ble
soci
etie
s (D
eSim
one
& Po
poff,
200
0; H
art,
2000
; H
enriq
ues
& R
icha
rdso
n, 2
005)
, as
wel
l as
help
ing
to c
hang
e cu
stom
er
beha
viou
r to
mak
e it
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e (D
eSim
one
& Po
poff,
200
0)
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
•C
orpo
rate
act
iviti
es th
at p
roac
tivel
yse
ek to
con
tribu
te to
su
stai
nabi
lity
equi
libria
, inc
ludi
ng th
e ec
onom
ic,
envi
ronm
enta
l, an
d so
cial
dim
ensi
ons
of to
day,
as
wel
l as
thei
r in
ter-r
elat
ions
with
in a
nd th
roug
hout
the
time
dim
ensi
on (i
.e.
the
shor
t-, lo
ng-,
and
long
er-te
rm),
whi
le a
ddre
ssin
g th
e co
mpa
nys
syst
em (O
pera
tions
and
pro
duct
ion,
Man
agem
ent
and
stra
tegy
, Org
anis
atio
nal s
yste
ms,
Pro
cure
men
t and
m
arke
ting,
and
Ass
essm
ent a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
n), a
s w
ell a
s w
ith it
s st
akeh
olde
rs
(Loz
ano,
201
2)
Cor
pora
te V
olun
tary
Effo
rts
to C
ontr
ibut
e to
Sus
tain
abili
ty•E
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l con
cern
s an
d co
sts
have
ser
ved
as
cata
lyst
s fo
r the
dev
elop
men
t and
rapi
d gr
owth
of in
itiat
ives
, to
ols
and
appr
oach
es th
at g
o be
yond
com
plia
nce
(Dai
ly &
Hua
ng,
2001
; K.-H
. Rob
ert e
t al.,
200
2; Y
ang,
200
2)
•Dur
ing
the
last
thre
e de
cade
s, c
orpo
rate
vol
unta
ry in
itiat
ives
to
cont
ribut
e to
Sus
tain
abilit
y ha
ve b
een
switc
hing
from
‘end
-of-
pipe
’sol
utio
ns to
who
le-s
yste
map
proa
ches
, by
chan
ging
pr
oduc
ts, p
roce
sses
and
sys
tem
s (M
cInt
osh,
Lei
pzig
er, &
Jon
es, 1
998)
Sour
ce: (
DeS
imon
e &
Popo
ff, 2
000)
Volu
ntar
y co
rpor
ate
initi
ativ
es•
Cle
aner
Pro
duct
ion
•C
orpo
rate
Citi
zens
hip
•C
orpo
rate
Soc
ial R
espo
nsib
ility
•D
esig
n fo
r Env
ironm
ent
•E
co-e
ffici
ency
•E
co-la
belli
ng•
Env
ironm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Sys
tem
s
•E
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd S
ocia
l A
ccou
ntin
g•
Fact
or X
•G
reen
Che
mis
try•
Indu
stria
l Eco
logy
•Li
fe C
ycle
Ass
essm
ent
•S
usta
inab
le L
ivel
ihoo
ds•
Sus
tain
abili
ty R
epor
ting
•Th
e N
atur
al S
tep
•Tr
iple
Bot
tom
Lin
e
6
The
maj
ority
of t
he
effo
rts
have
focu
sed
:•O
n in
tegr
atin
g ec
onom
ic a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal a
spec
ts,
and
mor
e sp
ecifi
cally
on
‘har
d’ te
chno
cent
ric is
sues
(K
orho
nen,
200
3)
•Mai
nly
on m
anag
emen
tand
str
ateg
y, o
pera
tions
and
proc
esse
s, a
nd a
sses
smen
t and
repo
rtin
g; b
ut te
nded
to
neg
lect
org
anis
atio
nal s
yste
ms
and
how
to c
hang
e th
em (L
ozan
o, 2
012)
or h
ow to
eng
age
with
sta
keho
lder
s
Stak
ehol
ders
•A
com
pany
influ
ence
s an
d is
influ
ence
d by
a d
iver
sity
of
stak
ehol
ders
, ind
ivid
uals
or g
roup
s th
at a
ffect
, or a
re a
ffect
ed b
y, th
e co
rpor
atio
n’s
activ
ities
and
ope
ratio
ns (E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
, 199
8; F
arm
er
& H
ogue
, 197
3; F
reem
an, 1
984;
Fre
eman
et a
l., 2
004)
•Al
thou
gh th
e co
rpor
atio
n’s
fund
amen
tal o
blig
atio
n is
to e
nsur
e its
ow
n su
rviv
al, a
nd to
thriv
e by
ben
efiti
ng a
nd b
alan
cing
the
need
s of
m
ultip
le s
take
hold
ers
(Far
mer
& H
ogue
, 197
3; F
reem
an, 1
984;
Hill
& Jo
nes,
200
1)
•St
akeh
olde
rs c
an b
e in
tern
al(e
.g. s
tock
hold
ers
and
empl
oyee
s,
incl
udin
g m
anag
emen
t) an
d ex
tern
al(e
.g. c
usto
mer
s, s
uppl
iers
, ba
nks,
env
ironm
enta
lists
, and
gov
ernm
ent)
(Arg
adoñ
a, 1
998;
Fre
eman
, 198
4;
Free
man
et a
l., 2
004;
Hill
& Jo
nes,
200
1)
Sour
ce: L
ozan
o (2
012)
Com
petit
ion
(adv
ersa
rial)
or
Col
labo
rativ
e (c
o-op
erat
ive)
•Int
erac
tions
in o
rgan
isat
ions
, as
in o
ther
sys
tem
s, ra
nge
from
ex
trem
e co
mpe
titio
nto
full
colla
bora
tion
•Par
adox
ical
ly, o
rgan
isat
ions
that
com
pete
aga
inst
eac
h ot
her,
also
tend
to c
olla
bora
te
Com
petit
ion
•C
ompe
titio
n, w
heth
er d
irect
(pow
er s
eeki
ng),
indi
rect
(res
ourc
e ac
cum
ulat
ion)
, or a
mix
ture
of b
oth,
can
hel
p im
prov
e ef
ficie
ncy,
ef
fect
iven
ess,
and
per
form
ance
(Frie
dman
, 197
0; H
ill &
Jone
s, 2
001)
•H
owev
er, i
f pur
sued
to th
e ex
trem
e, c
ompe
titio
n ca
n le
ad to
ex
cess
ive
reso
urce
acc
umul
atio
n, w
aste
, ine
ffici
enci
es,
inef
fect
iven
ess,
poo
r per
form
ance
, and
cre
atio
n of
mon
opol
ies
and
olig
opol
ies
(Aro
ra e
t al.,
199
8; P
aren
te&
Pres
cott,
199
9)
•C
ompe
titio
n of
ten
wor
ks a
gain
st th
e be
st in
tere
sts
of th
e or
gani
satio
n in
the
long
term
(Por
ter e
t al.,
197
5) a
nd it
can
lead
to
conf
licts
, in
man
y ca
ses
late
nt, w
hich
nee
d to
be
reco
gnis
ed a
nd
addr
esse
dLo
zano
(200
7)
Col
labo
ratio
n
Co-
oper
atio
n
Co-
ordi
natio
n
Com
mun
icat
ion
Col
labo
ratio
n•
Col
labo
ratio
n br
ings
ben
efits
from
diff
eren
ces
in k
now
ledg
e an
d pe
rspe
ctiv
es, d
evel
opin
g ne
w u
nder
stan
ding
s, d
esig
ning
new
pr
oduc
ts, a
nd s
olvi
ng p
robl
ems
whi
le, a
t the
sam
e tim
e, o
fferin
g be
nefit
s to
all
thos
e in
volv
ed in
the
proc
ess
(Den
ise,
199
9; K
aku,
200
3;
Loza
no, 2
007;
Tun
stal
l, 20
05)
•It
can:
•O
ptim
ise
finan
cial
and
hum
an c
apita
ls•
Red
uce
or a
void
com
petit
ion
and
conf
licts
•R
educ
e tim
e to
ach
ieve
obj
ectiv
es•
Hel
p in
impr
ovin
g ho
listic
and
sys
tem
s th
inki
ng•
Giv
e tra
ns-d
isci
plin
ary
lear
ning
Kyo
sei(
spiri
t of c
olla
bora
tion)
sta
ges
1.Ec
onom
ic s
urvi
val
2.C
olla
bora
ting
with
labo
ur3.
Col
labo
ratin
g ou
tsid
e th
e co
mpa
ny4.
Glo
bal a
ctiv
ism
5.Th
e go
vern
men
t as
a Ky
osei
partn
er (K
aku,
200
3)
This
app
roac
h is
bia
sed
tow
ards
soc
ial a
spec
ts w
hile
en
viro
nmen
tal o
nes
are
not e
xplic
itly
addr
esse
d
•Cos
ts:
•C
oord
inat
ion:
ope
ratio
nal d
epen
denc
e be
twee
n th
e ac
tiviti
es o
f the
di
ffere
nt a
ctor
s•
Vuln
erab
ility
: ris
k of
saf
egua
rdin
g th
e im
porta
nt a
nd u
niqu
e re
sour
ces
•Pra
ctic
al d
iffic
ultie
s:•
Info
rmat
ion:
who
get
s th
e be
nefit
s•
Bar
gain
ing:
how
to s
plit
the
gain
s•
Free
ridin
g: re
apin
g be
nefit
s w
ithou
t effo
rts
Col
labo
ratio
n di
fficu
lties
(Gen
efke
, 200
0; C
hilo
si, 2
003)
App
roac
hes
and
stra
tegi
es to
add
ress
st
akeh
olde
rs•F
our o
vera
rchi
ng ty
polo
gies
aris
ing
from
di
ffere
nces
in p
ositi
on a
nd fo
cus:
•C
ompa
ny R
espo
nsib
ility
Cho
ice
•Ben
efits
to S
take
hold
ers
•Sta
keho
lder
Em
phas
is•S
take
hold
er S
cope
Com
pany
Res
pons
ibili
ty C
hoic
e•D
ivid
ed in
to th
ree:
•E
thic
al: t
he c
orpo
ratio
n is
mor
ally
resp
onsi
ble
to it
s st
akeh
olde
rs
•Altr
uist
ic (o
r phi
lant
hrop
ic):
dem
ands
that
cor
pora
tions
he
lp to
alle
viat
e so
ciet
al p
robl
ems,
eve
n if
it re
duce
s sh
areh
olde
r pro
fits
•Str
ateg
ic: b
ased
on
bene
fitin
g so
ciet
y th
roug
h ac
tiviti
es th
at
will
brin
g be
nefit
s to
the
corp
orat
ion
in th
e lo
ng-te
rm.
(Car
roll,
199
1, 1
999;
Lant
os, 2
001)
Ben
efits
to S
take
hold
ers
typo
logy
•D
elus
iona
l:R
educ
e bo
th p
rofit
s an
d st
akeh
olde
r wel
fare
•Pe
rnic
ious
:Inc
reas
e pr
ofits
but
redu
ce s
take
hold
ers
wel
fare
•Ex
trin
sic:
Red
uce
prof
its b
ut im
prov
e st
akeh
olde
rs w
elfa
re•
Phila
nthr
opic
:Act
iviti
es to
whi
ch th
e co
rpor
atio
n is
not
re
spon
sibl
e an
d do
not
ben
efit
shar
ehol
ders
, e.g
. AID
S pr
even
tion
•M
itiga
ting:
Miti
gate
sta
keho
lder
har
m th
at th
e co
rpor
atio
n ca
used
, eve
n w
ithou
t leg
al re
spon
sibi
lity
or c
lear
ben
efits
to
shar
ehol
ders
•H
arm
onic
: Ben
efits
to s
hare
hold
ers
in th
e lo
ng te
rm a
nd
adva
nce
stak
ehol
ders
’wel
l bei
ng
(Loz
ano,
201
2)
Stak
ehol
der E
mph
asis
typo
logy
•
Inw
ard-
look
ing:
dea
ling
mai
nly
with
inte
rnal
issu
es a
nd
stak
ehol
ders
, suc
h as
hum
an c
apita
l, he
alth
and
saf
ety,
equ
al
oppo
rtuni
ties,
inte
grat
ion
of p
eopl
e w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s (L
evitt
, 195
8)
•O
utw
ard-
look
ing:
dea
ling
mai
nly
with
ext
erna
l iss
ues
and
stak
ehol
ders
, i.e
. inv
olve
men
t with
loca
l com
mun
ities
, bus
ines
s pa
rtner
s, s
uppl
iers
, cus
tom
ers,
pub
lic a
utho
ritie
s, a
nd n
on-
gove
rnm
enta
l org
anis
atio
ns (N
GO
s) (A
vi-Y
onah
, 200
5; C
.E.C
., 20
01, 2
002;
W
addo
ck&
Bodw
ell,
2007
). Su
ch e
fforts
are
usu
ally
link
ed to
repu
tatio
n.
•B
road
per
spec
tive:
dea
ling
with
bot
h in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal
stak
ehol
ders
(Fre
hs, 2
003;
Hol
me
& W
atts
, 200
0; H
opki
ns, 2
002;
Kak
u, 2
003;
Wel
ford
, 20
05)
Stak
ehol
der S
cope
typo
logy
•C
orpo
rate
giv
ing
or p
hila
nthr
opy:
i.e.
fulfi
lled
by c
harit
able
ef
forts
(Por
ter &
Kra
mer
, 200
3; S
mith
, 200
3)•M
ainl
y de
alin
g w
ith s
ocia
l iss
ues:
whe
re th
e co
mpa
ny a
ims
to m
axim
ise
its lo
ng-te
rm p
rofit
s (s
ee D
odd,
193
2; F
arm
er &
Hog
ue,
1973
; Fuk
ukaw
a&
Moo
n, 2
004;
Laf
fer,
Coo
rs, &
Win
egar
den,
200
4; T
he
Econ
omis
t, 20
05)
•Add
ress
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial a
spec
ts: w
here
co
mpa
nies
inte
grat
e th
ose
soci
al a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal c
once
rns
into
thei
r ope
ratio
ns, w
ith p
artic
ipat
ive
stak
ehol
der e
ngag
emen
t, th
at a
re d
eem
ed to
be
bene
ficia
l for
com
pany
’s lo
ng-te
rm
inte
rest
s (H
ollid
ay, S
chm
idhe
iny,
& W
atts
, 200
2; H
olm
e &
Wat
ts, 2
000)
.
Dis
cuss
ion
on th
e ty
polo
gies
•M
ost o
f the
app
roac
hes
and
stra
tegi
es ty
polo
gies
dis
cuss
ed fo
cus
mai
nly
on s
ocia
l sta
keho
lder
s (e
.g. e
mpl
oyee
s, s
hare
hold
ers,
and
co
mm
unity
)•
They
tend
to b
e m
otiv
ated
by
altru
ism
, eth
ics,
and
stra
tegy
, or a
ny
com
bina
tion
of th
ese
•Th
e ty
polo
gies
pro
pose
d, w
ith th
e ex
cept
ion
of th
e ‘A
ddre
ssin
g en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l asp
ects
’, do
not
exp
licitl
y co
nsid
er th
e en
viro
nmen
t•
Each
typo
logy
, on
its o
wn,
tend
s to
be
frag
men
tary
, but
whe
n ta
ken
toge
ther
, the
y ca
n be
com
bine
d to
pro
vide
a b
ette
r cov
erag
e of
CSR
an
d C
S
The
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
Str
ateg
ic
Influ
ence
Typ
olog
y(1
)•E
nron
ian:
com
pany
act
iviti
es th
at re
duce
sha
reho
lder
s’ p
rofit
s,
the
wel
fare
of e
mpl
oyee
s, e
xter
nal s
take
hold
ers
and
have
ne
gativ
e im
pact
s on
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Thes
e ac
tiviti
es p
rom
ote
the
prof
it of
the
few,
in g
ener
al th
e on
es m
anag
ing
the
corp
orat
ion,
by
mis
lead
ing/
chea
ting
the
othe
r sta
keho
lder
s. In
a
grea
t maj
ority
of c
ases
it is
use
d fo
r pub
lic re
latio
ns, b
ut it
ge
nera
lly b
ackf
ires
•For
dian
: a fo
cus
sole
ly o
n m
axim
isin
g sh
areh
olde
rs’ p
rofit
s, b
ut
this
end
s up
bei
ng d
etrim
enta
l to
the
wel
fare
of e
mpl
oyee
s. It
m
ay b
e m
otiv
ated
by
stra
tegi
c de
cisi
ons
The
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
Str
ateg
ic
Influ
ence
Typ
olog
y(2
)•P
hila
nthr
opic
: act
iviti
es a
imed
at i
mpr
ovin
g th
e w
elfa
re
of e
xter
nal s
take
hold
ers,
suc
h as
the
com
mun
ities
w
here
the
com
pany
ope
rate
s. It
is m
ainl
y dr
iven
by
ethi
cs a
nd a
que
st fo
r ind
ulge
nces
•G
reen
indu
lgen
ces:
focu
ses
on im
prov
ing
prof
its a
nd
the
wel
fare
of t
he e
nviro
nmen
t. It
is g
ener
ally
driv
en b
y en
viro
nmen
talis
m.
The
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
Str
ateg
ic
Influ
ence
Typ
olog
y(2
)•I
nsul
ar:
activ
ities
that
focu
s on
ly o
n im
prov
ing
prof
its
and
empl
oyee
s’ w
elfa
re•A
nthr
opoc
entr
ic: g
ener
ates
pro
fits
and
impr
oves
the
wel
fare
of a
ll th
e so
cial
sta
keho
lder
s (e
mpl
oyee
s an
d ex
tern
al o
nes)
•Hol
istic
: gen
erat
es p
rofit
s, a
nd it
ben
efits
the
envi
ronm
ent,
the
com
pany
’s e
mpl
oyee
s an
d its
ext
erna
l st
akeh
olde
rs
Cor
pora
te S
usta
inab
ility
Str
ateg
ic
Influ
ence
Typ
olog
ySt
rate
gy
Influ
ence
s
Prof
it ge
nera
tion
Envi
ronm
ent
Empl
oyee
sEx
tern
al
stak
ehol
ders
Hol
istic
Anth
ropo
cent
ric
Insu
lar
Gre
en in
dulg
ence
s
Phila
nthr
opic
Ford
ian
Enro
nian
Cel
l cod
ing Be
nefic
ial i
nflu
ence
s
Neu
tral i
nflu
ence
s
Neg
ativ
e in
fluen
ces
Sust
aina
ble
Publ
ic P
rocu
rem
ent
and
Sust
aina
ble
Busi
ness
Mod
els
Circ
ular
Eco
nom
y (C
E)•C
E ha
s be
en u
sed
sinc
e its
orig
inal
con
cept
ion
in 1
928
by
Leon
tief
•Dis
cour
ses
rela
ting
CE
to e
nviro
nmen
tali
ssue
s ar
e re
cent
, su
ch a
s re
sear
ch in
Chi
na a
nd th
e El
len
McA
rthur
foun
datio
n (N
aust
dals
lid, 2
014)
•CE
is b
ased
on
‘clo
sing
loop
s’ th
roug
h di
ffere
nt ty
pes
and
leve
ls o
f rec
over
y(Y
ong,
200
7; Y
uan
et a
l., 2
006)
thro
ugh
reso
urce
ef
ficie
ncy
(Kle
ttner
et a
l., 2
013;
Web
ster
, 201
3) th
us e
limin
atin
g w
aste
(Bilit
ewsk
i, 20
12)
CE
play
ers
•Gov
ernm
enta
nd c
ompa
nies
have
bee
n tw
o of
the
key
play
ers
addr
essi
ng C
E th
roug
h re
desi
gnin
g th
eir p
rodu
cts
and
proc
esse
s (M
urra
y et
al.,
201
5)
•UN
EP (2
014)
set
up
an in
itiat
ive
to p
rom
ote
sust
aina
ble
publ
ic
proc
urem
ent,
aim
ed a
t lin
king
the
cons
umpt
ion
side
, thr
ough
go
vern
men
tal p
ublic
pro
cure
men
t, to
the
prod
uctio
nsi
de,
thro
ugh
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f mor
e su
stai
nabl
e bu
sine
ss m
odel
s (S
BM).
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent (
PP)
•A k
ey e
cono
mic
act
ivity
of g
over
nmen
ts(B
ram
mer
and
Wal
ker,
2011
)•I
t ref
ers
to th
e ac
quis
ition
of g
oods
and
ser
vice
s by
go
vern
men
ts o
r pub
lic s
ecto
r org
anis
atio
ns th
roug
h pu
blic
co
ntra
cts
(Kiiv
er a
nd K
odym
, 201
4), a
nd a
llow
s pu
blic
sec
tor
orga
nisa
tions
to p
erfo
rm th
eir f
unct
ions
and
del
iver
its
serv
ices
(U
yarra
et a
l., 2
014)
Trad
ition
al P
P pr
oces
s st
ages
Awar
ding
a c
ontr
act
•Dep
endi
ng o
n th
e ch
oice
of t
he c
ontra
ctin
g or
gani
satio
n, th
is
coul
d im
ply
the
tend
er o
fferin
g:
1.Th
e lo
wes
t pric
e2.
The
low
est o
vera
ll co
st3.
The
mos
t val
ue fo
r mon
ey b
ased
on
its p
rice-
qual
ity c
riter
ia ra
tio(E
U P
ublic
Pro
cure
men
t Dire
ctiv
e 20
14.2
4, E
urop
ean
Uni
on, 2
014)
Sust
aina
ble
Publ
ic P
rocu
rem
ent (
SPP)
•Dem
and
for s
usta
inab
le p
rodu
cts
and
serv
ices
can
be
prom
oted
(Par
ikka
-Alh
ola,
200
8; W
alke
r and
Bra
mm
er, 2
012)
, set
a tr
end
for
othe
r org
anis
atio
ns (D
ay, 2
005)
, and
enl
arge
the
mar
ket f
or
sust
aina
ble
prod
ucts
or s
ervi
ces
(Uya
rra e
t al.,
201
4)
•If a
ll pu
blic
aut
horit
ies
in th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
sw
itche
d to
gre
en
elec
tric
ity, t
hey
wou
ld s
ave
mor
e th
an 6
0 bi
llion
tonn
es o
f CO
2, an
d if
they
use
d en
ergy
-effi
cien
t des
ktop
com
pute
rs, a
noth
er
830,
000
tonn
es o
f CO
2(D
ay, 2
005)
Bus
ines
s M
odel
s•A
com
preh
ensi
ve u
nder
stan
ding
of h
ow a
com
pany
doe
s bu
sine
ss (B
eatti
e an
d Sm
ith, 2
013;
Tee
ce, 2
010)
, how
val
ue is
cre
ated
(A
fuah
, 200
4)
•The
y ar
ticul
ate
the
logi
c, d
ata,
and
oth
er e
vide
nce
that
sup
port
a va
lue
prop
ositi
on fo
r the
cus
tom
er, a
nd a
via
ble
stru
ctur
e of
re
venu
es a
nd c
osts
for d
eliv
erin
g th
at v
alue
(Tee
ce, 2
010)
•Bas
ed o
n th
ree
mai
n el
emen
ts (B
oons
and
Lüd
eke-
Freu
nd, 2
013;
O
ster
wal
der e
t al.,
201
0): (
1) v
alue
pro
posi
tion;
(2) v
alue
cre
atio
n an
d de
liver
y; a
nd (3
) val
ue c
aptu
re.
Sust
aina
ble
Bus
ines
s M
odel
s (S
BM
) re
desi
gn p
roce
ss•T
echn
olog
ical
(mat
eria
l and
ene
rgy
effic
ienc
y, c
reat
e va
lue
from
‘was
te’,
etc.
)•S
ocia
l(de
liver
func
tiona
lity,
inst
ead
of h
avin
g ow
ners
hip;
ado
pt
a st
ewar
dshi
p ro
le; a
nd e
ncou
rage
suf
ficie
ncy)
•Org
anis
atio
nal(
re-p
urpo
se th
e bu
sine
ss fo
r soc
iety
and
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
deve
lop
scal
e-up
sol
utio
ns)
(Boc
ken
et a
l., 2
014)
Dis
cuss
ion
(1)
•In
the
tradi
tiona
l PP
proc
ess
the
prod
ucti
s th
e m
ain
obje
ct o
f ne
gotia
tion
and,
in g
ener
al, t
he te
nder
is b
ased
on
the
low
est
pric
e or
ove
rall
cost
(see
Eur
opea
n U
nion
, 201
4)•I
n th
e SP
P pr
oces
s th
e fo
cus
of th
e te
nder
is o
n th
e m
ost v
alue
fo
r mon
ey, w
here
env
ironm
enta
l or s
ocia
l spe
cific
atio
ns m
ay
be in
clud
ed (a
s di
scus
sed
by K
iiver
and
Kod
ym, 2
014;
Rie
tber
gen
and
Blok
, 201
3).
Dis
cuss
ion
(2)
•In
SPP,
the
mai
n ob
ject
of t
he n
egot
iatio
n be
twee
n su
pplie
r and
pr
ocur
er s
witc
hes
from
pro
duct
orie
nted
to P
SS(s
ee M
ont
(200
2), a
nd fr
om a
pric
e pe
r pro
duct
unit
to p
rice
per d
eliv
ered
se
rvic
e•C
olla
bora
tion
betw
een
the
proc
urer
and
the
pote
ntia
l su
pplie
rsch
ange
s to
the
begi
nnin
g of
the
tend
er (i
.e. t
he
prep
arat
ion
stag
e)
Trad
ition
al P
ublic
Pro
cure
men
t
Sust
aina
ble
and
colla
bora
tive
Publ
ic P
rocu
rem
ent
Dis
cuss
ion
(3)
•Lon
g te
rm c
olla
bora
tion
durin
g th
e SP
P pr
oces
s re
quire
s a
shift
fro
m o
nly
tech
nica
l spe
cific
atio
ns to
a m
ore
colla
bora
tive
disc
ussi
on a
nd d
efin
ition
of t
echn
ical
and
non
-tech
nica
l sp
ecifi
catio
ns b
etw
een
the
supp
lier a
nd p
rocu
rer
•In
addi
tion,
soc
io-c
ultu
ral s
peci
ficat
ions
mus
t be
incl
uded
in
the
SPP
proc
ess
Dis
cuss
ion
(4)
•Tec
hnic
alan
dno
n-te
chni
cals
peci
ficat
ions
driv
e th
e su
pplie
r an
d pr
ocur
er to
dev
elop
prod
ucts
and
ser
vice
s ai
min
g fo
r mor
e re
sour
ce e
ffici
ency
•Soc
io-c
ultu
rals
peci
ficat
ions
hel
p th
e pa
rties
hire
and
trai
n pe
rson
nel s
peci
fical
ly fo
r the
co-
deve
lopm
ent p
roce
ss
Proc
urem
ent a
nd b
usin
ess
mod
els
for C
E (P
roB
iz4C
E) fr
amew
ork
Supp
liers
´ bu
sine
ss
mod
el
Proc
urer
s´
busi
ness
m
odel
Pric
e pe
r ser
vice
(func
tiona
l uni
t)
Prod
uct
prov
idin
g a
serv
ice
Use
of
prod
ucts
Col
labo
ratio
n
Spec
ifica
tions
(tech
nica
l and
no
n-te
chni
cal)
Shar
ed
resp
onsi
bilit
y Valu
e
Was
teR
aw
mat
eria
ls
Rec
over
y
Con
clus
ions
•The
fram
ewor
k cl
oses
loop
s th
roug
h re
cove
ry, w
hile
at t
he
sam
e tim
e ch
angi
ng th
e sc
hem
e fro
m p
rice
per u
nit t
o va
lue
prov
ided
per
ser
vice
, and
incl
udin
g te
chni
cal,
non-
tech
nica
l an
d so
cio-
cultu
ral s
peci
ficat
ions
and
shar
ed re
spon
sibi
lity
of th
e pr
oduc
t/ser
vice
com
bina
tion
•Col
labo
ratio
n be
twee
n pr
ocur
ers
and
supp
liers
can
lead
to
redu
ctio
ns in
raw
mat
eria
lsut
ilisat
ion
and
was
te g
ener
atio
n,
whi
lst p
rom
otin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of m
ore
sust
aina
ble
busi
ness
mod
els,
thus
bet
ter c
ontri
butin
g to
mak
ing
soci
etie
s m
ore
sust
aina
ble
To m
ake
com
pani
es m
ore
sust
aina
bilit
y or
ient
ed, i
t is
nece
ssar
y to
und
erst
and
its
holis
tic n
atur
e (in
clud
ing
the
econ
omic
, en
viro
nmen
tal,
soci
al, a
nd ti
me
dim
ensi
ons)
and
the
syne
rgie
sbe
twee
n th
e te
chni
cal,
man
ager
ial,
gove
rnan
ce,
and
orga
nisa
tiona
l pro
cess
es to
geth
er
with
sta
keho
lder
s
42
Than
k yo
u!R
odrig
o Lo
zano
, PhD
emai
ls: r
odrig
o.lo
zano
@hi
g.se
& ro
dloz
ano@
org-
sust
aina
bilit
y.co
m
