Sistem Tekanan Darah (Blood Pressure)

8/2/2019 Sistem Tekanan Darah (Blood Pressure)

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Heart Sounds

First heart sound or lubb Atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid

vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricularsystole

Second heart sound or dupp Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary

semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole,lasts longer

Third heart sound (occasional) Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and

detected near end of first one-third of diastole


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Cardiac Arrhythmias

Tachycardia: Heart rate in excess of 100bpm

Bradycardia: Heart rate less than 60 bpm

Sinus arrhythmia: Heart rate varies 5% during

respiratory cycle and up to 30% during deeprespiration

Premature atrial contractions: Occasional

shortened intervals between one contraction andsucceeding, frequently occurs in healthy people


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Heart Homeostasis

Effect of blood pressure Baroreceptors monitor blood pressure

Effect of pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen Chemoreceptors monitor

Effect of extracellular ion concentration Increase or decrease in extracellular K+ decreases

heart rate

Effect of body temperature Heart rate increases when body temperature

increases, heart rate decreases when bodytemperature decreases


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Baroreceptor Reflex


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Chemoreceptor Reflex-pH


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Effects of Aging on the Heart

Gradual changes in heart function, minorunder resting condition, more significantduring exercise

Hypertrophy of left ventricle Maximum heart rate decreases

Increased tendency for valves to function

abnormally and arrhythmias to occur Increased oxygen consumption required to

pump same amount of blood


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The artery used to determine BP is the brachial artery,which runs down the upper arm, splitting into the radial

and ulna arteries near the elbow.


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Normal systolic pressure is about 120 mm Hg for males, AND 110 mm Hg for females.

This measurement is the systolic pressurethe pressure of the blood when the ventricles contract.


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Diastolic pressure - pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.

Normal diastolic pressure is about80 mm Hg for males & 70 mm Hg for females.


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Blood pressure is reported in millimeters of mercury(mm Hg) with the systolic pressure written first.

The pressure measuredin this example is 120/80.

Measuring Blood Pressure

with a Sphygmomanometer


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BLOOD LOSS

Brachial artery - 0.5 lt

Ribs - 2 lt

Sacrum - 2lt

Femur - 1.5 lt

Tibia/fibula - 1lt


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Sistem Tekanan Darah (Blood Pressure)