Sirkia Fairway Design

8/11/2019 Sirkia Fairway Design

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Fairway Design on Finnish CoastCouple of Case Studies

M.Sc.(Civ.Eng) Esa Sirki

FMA/Fairways Division


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Why is the fairway design an issue here?

Finnish coast is determined by four facts that makefairway design and construction different thanelsewhere:

1. Shallowness of coast

2. Wide archipelago

3. Rocky/bedrock bottom Finland has the oldestbedrock in Europe

4. Nowadays the cohesive materials are oftencontaminated

These facts leads to Long, curvy fairways

Lots and lots of AtoN

Expensive dredging


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Other Finnish Specialties There is around 30 000 AtoN

Finnish special AtoNs:

Fixed side markers:


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Leading lines and lights:


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Ice Buoys


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Case Kustaanmiekka:

Gateway to HelsinkiSouthern Harbour


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Fairway dimensions:

Minimum width: 80 m(3,27*B @ Kustaanmiekkastrait)

Sweeping depth 11,0 m

maximum draught 9,6 m;UKC of 1,4 meters

Vessels with larger draught

than design vessel areusually smaller ro-rovessels from southerncargo harbour

Case Kustaanmiekka:Gateway to Helsinki Southern Harbour


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Case Kustaanmiekka:Gateway to Helsinki Southern Harbour

Aluksen squat nopeuden funktiona

Gulievin menetelm, poikkileikkaustyyppi B

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

Nopeus (solmua)

Squat(m)

Painuma(squat)vara Muu liikevara Klivara Haraustason alapuoleinen vesi Pohja SQUAT


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Kustaanmiekka strait challenging

alignment Fairway goes straight thru UN world heritage area ofSuomenlinna sea fortress

Fairway was built to current stage 1980s Sea bottom is bedrock need of underwater blasting inconstruction phase

Because of fortress, the width is very limited andalignment cannot be changed

Asymmetrical cross section leads to suction effectsbetween vessel and bedrock side banks

Navigational challenges


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Green area > 12,0 m

Yellow 12,0 11,0 m

Red 11,0 10,0 m

Blue < 10,0 m

Sweeping depth 11,0 m(yellow is still safe)


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3D-image of Kustaanmiekka strait

Cross section is restricted channel or it may be definedeven as a canal

Leads to challenging navigational situations because ofsuctions caused by asymmetrical trench cross section

Most simulated single point on Finnish coast

Environmental facts do not allow improvements but

need of them has faded thanks to new Port of Vuosaari


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Next case: Rauma 10,0 m channel

Total fairway length is 26 km (14,4 M)


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Area of interest - Kovankivet

160 m wide restricted channel

Excavated in bedrock

Trench height approx 10 m highest

Single most dangerous spot on Finnish coast

Asymmetrical cross section Multiple simulations done

Prevailing wind direction SW to NW

Several blackouts that has lead to groundings

AtoN equipment:

Leading lines with 7,2 m panels and high powerlights; 6 fixed markers; 5 ice buoys


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N

3D-Image of Kovankivet


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Design of Rauma Deepening

future project

New project that aims to deepening of Rauma fairway,

general design 2008 Aim is to deepen the fairway for vessels up to 12,0 m

draught

Alignment remains same, new minimum width 144 m

New sweeping depth of 14,0 / 13,5 m

Leads quite massive dredging of around 2 million cubicmeters, around 10% of rock

~500 000 m3 of polluted cohesive material that needs

special dumping ground or -reservoir Budget up to 40 M total (incl. port investments ~10 M)

High hopes to get new deepened channel running 2012


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Latest New Fairway Vuosaari

a Typical Finnish Approach Channel

Fairway was built to

new Port of Vuosaari2002-2004

Fairway leads fromHelsinki lighthouse to thePort of Vuosaari,

total 33 km (~18 M) 3 straight sections,all with leading lights

3 fixed side markers

23 ice buoys

All AtoN are lighted

Lights of buoys aresynchronized


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Vuosaari Approach Channel - design

Design Vessel:

Containership

L = 230 m

B = 33 m

T = 11,0 m

One lane traffic

in last 4 km

Fairway dimensions

Minimum width 200 m (6 B)

Radius of turn 1150 m

Sweeping depth 13,0 / 12,5 m

Dimensioning speed 15 / 12 kn

Aluksen squat nopeuden funktiona.Huuska-ICORELS, kertoimet 1.7, 2.0 ja 2.4.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0Nopeus (solmua)

Squa

t,m

Painuma(squat)vara Muu liikevara Klivara Haraustason alapuoleinen vesi

SQUAT (Co = 1.7) SQUAT (Co = 2.0) SQUAT (Co = 2.4) Pohja


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Vuosaari Approach Channel last 5 km

Minimum width (200 m)

Waiting area

Possible other

channel, ifconsidered necessary


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Vuosaari Approach Channel

construction phase

Vuosaari approach channel was built by Wasa Dredging Oy

and Terramare Oyj.

Amount of excavation: soil ~500 000 m3, rock ~250 000 m3

Total budget 6 M


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Thank you for your attention!

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Sirkia Fairway Design