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SIPRI. SIPRI. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Siemon Wezeman. OAS and Confidence Building Measures: Learning from the rest. What is a CBM?. Measure to diminish mistrust and misunderstanding/worst case scenario thinking Measure to promote understanding and acceptance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SIPRISIPRI
SIPRISIPRIStockholm
International
Peace Research Institute
Siemon Wezeman
Stockholm
International
Peace Research Institute
Siemon Wezeman
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
3
OAS and Confidence Building Measures: Learning from the restOAS and Confidence Building Measures: Learning from the rest
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
4
What is a CBM?What is a CBM?
Measure to diminish mistrust and misunderstanding/worst case scenario thinking
Measure to promote understanding and acceptance
Measure to promote friendship and cooperation
ALL IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY RELATIONS
It is not something to address agreed problems like narco-traffic, organized crime or terrorists
Measure to diminish mistrust and misunderstanding/worst case scenario thinking
Measure to promote understanding and acceptance
Measure to promote friendship and cooperation
ALL IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY RELATIONS
It is not something to address agreed problems like narco-traffic, organized crime or terrorists
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
5
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community (1952-2002) Pooling European coal and steel production and
establishing a free market for it Strategic/military capacity scope - not directly
on military expenditures or weapons
ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community (1952-2002) Pooling European coal and steel production and
establishing a free market for it Strategic/military capacity scope - not directly
on military expenditures or weapons
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
6
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
EEC - European Economic Community (1957) Changed to European Union (1992)
Broad strategic/military capacity scope - not directly on military expenditure, weapons or defence policy (excluded in 1957 and 1992 treaties)
Establishing integrated European economy
EEC - European Economic Community (1957) Changed to European Union (1992)
Broad strategic/military capacity scope - not directly on military expenditure, weapons or defence policy (excluded in 1957 and 1992 treaties)
Establishing integrated European economy
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
7
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Co-operative defence Became more CSBM with re-armament of
Germany (1955 - after failure of European Defence Community)
Common military expenditure definition Transparency: Public data on military
expenditure
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Co-operative defence Became more CSBM with re-armament of
Germany (1955 - after failure of European Defence Community)
Common military expenditure definition Transparency: Public data on military
expenditure
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
8
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
CSCE - Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (1975)
Changed to OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1995) Transparency: exchange of information on arms
acquisition plans, acquisitions, holdings and disposition of forces
Government-to-government
CSCE - Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (1975)
Changed to OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1995) Transparency: exchange of information on arms
acquisition plans, acquisitions, holdings and disposition of forces
Government-to-government
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
9
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe - CFE (1989)
Changed to Adapted CFE Treaty (1999) Result of serious Cold War tension of early-
1980s Reduction of armaments Transparency: Government-to-government
reports on holdings, verification
Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe - CFE (1989)
Changed to Adapted CFE Treaty (1999) Result of serious Cold War tension of early-
1980s Reduction of armaments Transparency: Government-to-government
reports on holdings, verification
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
10
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
Normal democratic behaviour Public and/or semi-public data on military
expenditure, arms acquisitions, military doctrine and military/foreign policy
Public discussion on the above in Parliament Strong involvement of and strong government
and public support for NGO/think tanks analyzing the above
Normal democratic behaviour Public and/or semi-public data on military
expenditure, arms acquisitions, military doctrine and military/foreign policy
Public discussion on the above in Parliament Strong involvement of and strong government
and public support for NGO/think tanks analyzing the above
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
11
European CBM/CSBMEuropean CBM/CSBM
Outreach to other regions Share experiences Support CBM/CSBM actively
Workshops on UNROCA Financial support for ECOWAS Moratorium Financial support for non-European NGOs and
participation of non-Europeans in European NGO work
Outreach to other regions Share experiences Support CBM/CSBM actively
Workshops on UNROCA Financial support for ECOWAS Moratorium Financial support for non-European NGOs and
participation of non-Europeans in European NGO work
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
12
Asian CBM/CSBMAsian CBM/CSBM
ASEAN-ARF - Association of South-East Asian Nations Regional Forum Publications of defence policy in ‘Defence White
Paper’ Code of Conduct in South China Sea Cooperative anti-piracy patrols
ASEAN-ARF - Association of South-East Asian Nations Regional Forum Publications of defence policy in ‘Defence White
Paper’ Code of Conduct in South China Sea Cooperative anti-piracy patrols
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
13
African CBM/CSBMAfrican CBM/CSBM
AU - African Union Permanent African peacekeeping units made up
from units from several African countries
ECOWAS Moratorium on arms acquisitions
AU - African Union Permanent African peacekeeping units made up
from units from several African countries
ECOWAS Moratorium on arms acquisitions
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
14
Middle Eastern CBM/CSBMMiddle Eastern CBM/CSBM
? At best the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation
Council Some ‘track 2’ efforts
? At best the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation
Council Some ‘track 2’ efforts
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
15
Lessons to learnLessons to learn
Integration of regions Economic/cultural Military
Integration of regions Economic/cultural Military
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
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Lessons to learnLessons to learn
Importance of Transparency for democratic rule Improves general quality of democracy Possibly reduces waste (by allowing more
informed decisions on spending) Improves internal relations Improves insight and trust by neighbours
Importance of Transparency for democratic rule Improves general quality of democracy Possibly reduces waste (by allowing more
informed decisions on spending) Improves internal relations Improves insight and trust by neighbours
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
17
Lessons to learnLessons to learn
Provision of data is not enough - Analysis has to be done and to be possible Data available to public or neutral analysts Freedom of speech - analysts have to be
allowed to say whatever they think Support for independent analysis - NGO/think
tanks
Provision of data is not enough - Analysis has to be done and to be possible Data available to public or neutral analysts Freedom of speech - analysts have to be
allowed to say whatever they think Support for independent analysis - NGO/think
tanks
Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006
18
Lessons to learnLessons to learn
CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency are means NOT a goals
CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency need to be useful
CBM/CSBM obligations have to be doable Streamline/coordinate measures Support for less capable members
CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency are means NOT a goals
CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency need to be useful
CBM/CSBM obligations have to be doable Streamline/coordinate measures Support for less capable members
SIPRISIPRISiemon Wezeman
Senior Researcher/Project LeaderArms Transfers Project
+46-08-6559739 or [email protected]
Siemon WezemanSenior Researcher/Project Leader
Arms Transfers Project
+46-08-6559739 or [email protected]