Sino Soviet Relations Powerpoint

Sino-Soviet RelationsSino-Soviet Relations(1949-1991)(1949-1991)

Sino-Soviet RelationsSino-Soviet Relations

Table of Contents• Introduction

• Key Aspects

– Sino-Soviet relations effect on the Cold war

– How ideology and differences of revolutions affected relations

– How self interest and pragmatism affected the split

– Personal relations of leaders

– USA’s role in the relations

• Definitions of terms

• Political Cartoon Analysis

• Simulation of Moscow Conference 1957

• Conclusion

• Graph of relations

• Review


IntroductionThis presentation will look into the complex nature of the relation between two communist states: the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China.


Key Aspects• Sino-Soviet relations effect on the Cold war

• How ideology and differences of revolutions affected relations

• How self interest and pragmatism affected the split

• Personal relations of leaders

• USA’s role in the relations


Definitions of terms• Pragmatism and self interest: practicality, what should be done

logically rather than belief in ideology

• Revisionism: Ideas, theory or principle of Marxist ideology based on significant revising of fundamental thought

• Sino: Chinese

• Fatalists: Belief in an inevitable end (world revolution)

• Role of ....: How and how much the supposed thing was a factor in the relations between the PRC and the USSR


After Sino-Soviet split 1961

Sino-Soviet relations effect

on the Cold War


Sino-Soviet relations

effect on Cold War• China was a major country that couldn’t be

ignored; most populous and third largest country

• To some extant brought the Cold War to Asia

• Added third dimension when the splits with Soviets occurred

• Played a role in initiating the détente and rapprochement with the US on both sides

Sino-Soviet RelationsSino-Soviet RelationsRole of Ideology and

differences of revolutions


Chinese Revolution• Mao Zedong, carried out by

peasants after WWII. Fought in 22 year civil war.

• Large support from peasants; almost no opposition

• Long fight allowed CCP to establish organizations and administrative structures.

• Had a sense of security from the near by USSR.

• Tremendously weak economy and military from repeated wars in 19th and 20th centuries.

Russian Revolution• Vladimir Lenin, carried out by

proletariats during WWI. Less than eight months after provisional government.

• Internal opposition; dependant on old system, civil war broke out after revolution

• Isolated by foreign powers• Economy and industry more

advance than Chinese.


Role of ideology in relations• Shared belief in communism brought nations together

• De-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence went against Maoist ideology

• Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution went against revisionist Soviet ideology

• South-east Asian countries began following either Maoism or Soviet communism

• Ideology played down after Mao and Brezhnev died. Economic and liberal reforms allow normalization of relations.

Sino-Soviet RelationsSino-Soviet RelationsThe role of self interest

and pragmatism


The role of self interest and pragmatism• Played a role in bringing two nations together at the

beginnings of relations

• Caused rift between the two when Khrushchev took power; idea of peaceful co-existence, pragmatic for Soviets but went against Chinese.

• Mixture of pragmatism and ideology in border clashes of 1969

• Pragmatism created economic reform and liberalization in each nation allowing for rapprochement


USA’s role in the relation


US role in relations• United both Soviets and Chinese against one common

enemy

• Allowed alliances from either side after the 1969 border conflict.


Personal relationships of Sino-Soviet leaders


Stalin and Mao• Stalin tried to down play CCP

success during the civil war

• Signed Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship after two months of negotiation

• Mao saw Stalin as the leader of the international revolution

• Stalin saw Mao as another Tito of Yugoslavia and a rival for leadership

• Ideologically based; self interest drove them apart

Khrushchev and Mao• Provoked Mao with De-

Stalinization speech and idea of peaceful co-existence with the West

• Great Leap Forward was denounced by the Soviets

• Mao criticized Khrushchev and for delaying world revolution during Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev responded by calling Mao a fatalist.

• Pragmatism created the split between Mao and Khrushchev


Brezhnev and Mao• Tutelage of Stalin; relations

would continue to deteriorate

• Cultural Revolution denounced as fanaticism and anarchy

• Soviet use of tank in Czechoslovakian revolt was condemned by Mao as “socialist imperialism”

• USSR & PRC competed with each other using proxy wars with other countries (Vietnam-Cambodian War)

• Ideology drove them further apart and eventually caused border clash of 1969

Gorbachev and Deng• New successors allowed for

rapprochement between the two

• Pragmatism in the form of economic reforms and liberalization brought the two nations closer

• Gorbachev was invited to Beijing in 1989

• With internal problems fixed, relations were focused upon allowing normalization


Chinese poster from the first stage of Cultural Revolution, saying: "Topple Soviet revisionists. Smash the dog heads of Brezhnev and Kosygin", 1967

Down with Soviet revisionism, ca. 1968

All peoples of the world unite, to overthrow American imperialism! To overthrow Soviet revisionism! To overthrow the reactionaries of all nations! 1969

Propaganda and political cartoons


Propaganda and political cartoons


Moscow Conference 1957


Instructions• Mock conference of the 1957 Moscow Conference where the first

meeting of communist parties was held

• The class will be split up into two separate parties, Soviets and Chinese

• Debate will occur between the two sides over leadership of the international revolution

• Allows for deeper understanding of concepts and perspectives of relations between the two sides


Conclusion• Relation was based on ideology with mixtures of

pragmatism but gradually faded out to pragmatism solely.

• Personal relationships of leaders affected the countries relations to a degree as in Khrushchev and Mao’s case but did

• The timing and conduction of each revolutions affected the development of foreign policy and the way the socialist path should be taken.

• The USA’s role cannot be ignored; affected the interest of a common enemy and the concern of encirclement.


Sino-Soviet RelationsSino-Soviet Relations• Review• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X21360r0R88

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X21360r0R88

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Sino Soviet Relations Powerpoint