SINO-AFRICA on HIV and Aids_compatible

8/14/2019 SINO-AFRICA on HIV and Aids_compatible

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NKUYE MOYO

PEKING UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF POPULATION RESEARCH

MASTERS STUDENT


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Introduction

Situation analysis of HIV & AIDS in China

At-risk groups

Statistics for AIDS in AsiaIssues of stigma and discrimination

Government response

Issues of Concern

Situation analysis of AfricaRoles of China and Africa in containing the

epidemic


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HIV and AIDS are not just a public health issues

Its a workplace, developmental challenge and wide spreadinsecurity.

It cuts across all socio-cultural aspects of life and dements

economic structure of affected nationsOne key fact is it has its primary impact on the working-age

population

Possible evolution of pandemic from localized high-prevalence to more spread, generalized epidemic poses

critical question to which few good answers exist.No adequate scrutiny of population for HIV by Chinese govt

Govts responsiveness though improving, lags especiallywith respect to at-risk populations


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This has led to long term spread and impact of the disease

Lack of reliable, comprehensive surveillance & reportingsystem coupled with an ineffective referral chain withChinese healthcare system challenges the determination ofthe true impact of the disease

Majority of Chinese PLHA are within marginalized, at-risk,and hard to reach persons such as IDUs, CSWs, and migrantworkers.

Disease predominantly found in remote poor among ethnic

minorities in southwestern and western China.


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All provinces and municipalities have HIV+ In china

End 2005, 600,000 people were infected

living in Yunnan, Henan, Xinjiang, Guangxi andGuangdong provinces

2006, Ministry of Health reveals that new HIV cases soar by45%

In 2007 govt says 700,000 people are living with HIV/AIDS

Year before, China lowered estimate from 840,000 to650,000 despite international experts warnings


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More troubling is data regarding at-risk groups Data shows that prevalence tripled among IDU from 1.95% in

1998 to 6.48% in 2004

Also from 0.02% in 1996 to almost 1.0% in 2004 among CSWs-about 5-fold jump

Among pregnant women in high-risk areas, prevalencedramatically grew from nil in 1997 to 0.26 in 2004

End of 2005, provinces such Yunnan, Henan and Xinjiang hadprevalent rates exceeding 1.0% for pregnant women and othersthat received premarital and clinical HIV testing.

In Sichuan province, prevalence among IDUs rose from 115 in2002 to 18% in 2004

More males are IDUs but most women who use IDU are CSWthereby increasing risk of acquiring HIV

In 2003 about 30%-40% IDUs in China were women and soldsex


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UNAIDS 2008 reduced HIV estimates for China from 840,000to 700,000 due to better methods of estimation and dataavailability

Like other Asian countries, prevalence in China is low at0.1%

Country Prevalence

rate (%)Cambodia 1.6

China 0.1

Indonesia 1.0

Philippines 1.0

Bangladesh 0.2

India 0.3

Viet Nam 0.5

Myanmar 1.8

Thailand 1.4

South Korea 0.1


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A study in 2008 in Kunming, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen,Wuhan and Zhengzhou showed high levels of lack ofinformation

Misconceptions such getting infected from mosquito bite,using the same toilet, eating together and using the sametools with some infected were highly pronounced

Attitudes towards condom use was also very low at 19.2%while 30% feel its not good for HIV positive pupils to studywith the uninfected ones.

With migrant workers showing greatest opposition at 48.7% Also found is that most respondents (83.4%) have never

searched for information on HIV & AIDS on their own

And 88% felt they were not at risk of contracting HIV


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Since 2003, there has been recommendable improvement inhandling issues of HIV & AIDS.

Increased budget from RMB100 million ($12.5 million) in2002 to RMB 800 million ($100 million) in 2005.

For 2006- 2007 more than doubled to RMB 1.5 billion ($185million)

2003, China CARES (comprehensive AIDS response) initiatedfunding from central govt and Global fund

2002, free HIV testing available in 15 provinces, from 365

counties to over 2,300 counties 2006, long awaited regulations put in place that look at

plight of PLHA while also codifying stigma & discrimination

Govt acknowledges fact its facing battle in resolving HIV andAIDS


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People with risky behaviors feel they at risk ofcatching HIV due to limited understanding of thevirus

Need to clear misconception as can be seen from

high stigma & discriminationMedia should become proactive in disseminating

information- possible only if govt provides anenabling environment

Non availability of CSOs calls for better integrationof govt and NGOs to help revamp the fight againstHIV & AIDS


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A little more than 10% of worlds population live in Africa

Yet 2/3 of all PLWA live in sub-Saharan Africa causingimmense suffering in the continent.

During 2007 alone, about 1.5 million adults and children

died due AIDSThe prevalence vary dramatically with Southern Africa being

the most affected.

Account for 1/3 of all infections and deaths to HIV & AIDSglobally.

8 countries had prevalence rates above 15% in2005;Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, SouthAfrica, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Nowhere else in the world has notional prevalence reachedsuch levels


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The graph shows prevalence rates in Southern

Africa

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


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East African prevalence


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Overall numbers of infection remain small exceptfor Sudan

However, they have been increasing in mostcountries due to expanded HIV testing

In 2005 Sudan had highest national prevalence at1.6 %

Like any other part of Africa, the problem with thissub region is MSM as data is scanty as such is

viewed as taboo, highly stigmatized and under-researched

Main transmission in Libya,Algeria, Tunisiaand morocco is IDU.


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China has heavily invested in Africa in mining,

agriculture, manufacturing, e.t.c Investment in public health is yet to be noticed

Common knowledge tells us Africa has been hardesthit with poverty, hunger and disease

Mostly Chinese investment has been applauded

though section of society feel it lacks socialresponsibility

However co-existence has to be emphasize whentalking about the China-Africa relations

Earlier statistics pose a looming danger if unchecked

for both on human resources Casual sex between Chinese investment employees

and African local girls has been documented; egZambia

This same group of employees would travel for holidayhome hence transmitting the virus to family members


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China can learn from Africa how some countries have beenreducing the prevalence rate

So many success stories, e.g Uganda

China needs to get out of the closet e.g Yoweri Museveni ofUganda

Cognizance is made for senior leaders taking part in the fight.E.g Premier Wenjinbao

African would like to see more investment in public health inlocalities of Chinese investment

Chinese investors need more knowledge of pandemic beforeinvesting in Africa as well as their social responsibility

Researchers and scholars should view health as paramountwhen discussing these relation not solely looking at trade andinvestment

More research is needed to better understand the mutualbenefits of fighting the epidemic.


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Thank you very much for listening


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Peking University

Institute of Population Research

Nkuye Moyo

[email protected]:13261738922

Home: 01062763419
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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SINO-AFRICA on HIV and Aids_compatible