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1 Single Covalent Bonds Structural Formulas Unshaired Pair Double and Triple Covalent Bonds Carbon Dioxide

Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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Page 1: Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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Single Covalent Bonds

Structural Formulas

Unshaired Pair

Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

Carbon Dioxide

Page 2: Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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Draw electron dot structures for each molecule.Chlorine gasBromine

H2O2PCl3 NF3

SBr2

Resonance Structures

O3 

Coordinate Covalent Bonds

Shared e‐ pair comes from one of the bonding atoms

SO42‐

Polyatomic Ions

‐Function as a unit‐Held together by covalent bonds‐Net charge (+ or ‐) makes it an ion

Exceptions to the Octet

NO2

P and S can have expanded octets

BF3

Boron can be electron deficient

Page 3: Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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Bond Dissociation Energy‐energy needed to break 1 mole of bonds

‐high energy = strong covalent bond

C   C   =  347 kj/mol

C C = 657 kj/mol

C C = 908 kj/mol

Molecular Orbitals

VSEPR Theory

8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules

Polar covalent

Nonpolar covalent

Bond Polarity

Look at difference in electronegativity of atoms involved in bond

What you need to know....

0‐0.4 = nonpolar >1.7 = ionic(But also look for M‐NM)

Page 4: Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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Polar Molecules

(dipole)

INTERmolecular vs. INTRAmolecular Forces

INTRAmolecular‐

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Metallic Bond

‐BP is good measure of IMF

­weaker than ionic or covalent bonds that join the atoms in molecules

INTERmolecular Forces‐attraction between 2 or more molecules

‐IMFs govern many physical properties like BP, MP, viscosity, surface tension

What would happen if there were no IMFs?

Van der Waals Forces

Dipole ­ Dipole interactions

Dispersion Forces

1.

‐only IMF among Noble gas atoms and nonpolar molecules (resulting in their low BP)‐force increases with mass

‐attraction between polar   molecules (dipoles)

‐a temporary dipole moment is created

Page 5: Single Covalent Bonds · Draw electron dot structures for each molecule. Chlorine gas Bromine H2O2 PCl3 NF3 SBr2 Resonance Structures O3 Coordinate Covalent Bonds Shared e‐ pair

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2.  Hydrogen Bonds

H‐FH‐OH‐N

‐H bonded to strongly EN atom

‐Strongest of IMF

Covalent Network Solids