Upload
frederica-underwood
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SINGLE-CASE, QUASI-EXPERIMENT, AND DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
Single Case Experimental Designs (formerly called single-subject designs) Measured from baseline period to treatment periods
Reversal or withdrawal design Called an ABA design Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A)
The use of praise as a treatment to measure the improvement of a child’s school performance
Measure test scores give regimen of praise for correct homework problems measure test scores
Multiple Baseline Designs Change is observed under multiple circumstances The manipulation is introduced at different times Determines that the manipulation caused change
Used when control features of experimental designs cannot be achieved For example, the independent variable cannot be
manipulated Internal validity may be affected
One-Group Posttest-Only Design
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Cross-Sectional Method – persons of different ages measured at the same point in time
Longitudinal Method – same group is observed at different times (as they age)
Sequential Method – combination of 1 and 2
Cross Sectional Method
Year of Birth (cohort) Time 1: 2005
Group 1 1950 55 years old
Group 2 1945 60 years old
Group 3 1940 65 years old
Longitudinal Method
Year of Birth (cohort)
Time 1: 2005
Time 2: 2010
Time 3: 2015
Group 1: 1950 55 yr 60 yr 65 yr
Sequential Method
Year of Birth (cohort)
Time 1: 2005
Time 2: 2010
Time 3: 2015
Group 1: 1950 55 yr 60 yr 65 yr
Group 2: 1940 65 yr 70 yr 75 yr
Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Methods Strengths:
- Can attribute changes to development- Can examine variables at a later time - As a hybrid, the sequential method shares virtues of
both methods Weaknesses:
- Expensive- Difficult- Mortality