On Aug. 25, 2015, Pres. Tony Tan dissolvedParliament ahead of legislative elections thatwere held on September 11. The results were

an overwhelming victory for the long-ruling People’sAction Party, which won 83 of the 89 seats being con-tested. Two major milestones were witnessed during theyear. On March 23 Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore’s firstprime minister, died at age 91, and on August 9 thecountry celebrated the 50th anniversary of its indepen-dence from the short-lived Federation of Malaysia(1963–65). Both events were marked with large publicobservances—mourning for Lee and jubilation onNational Day.

DemographyArea: 277.3 sq mi, 718.3 sq km.Population (2015): 5,541,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi20,041, persons per sq km 7,714.

Sex distribution (2012)2: male49.24%; female 50.76%.

Population projection: (2020)5,973,000; (2030) 6,487,000.

Urban-rural (2015):

Vital statistics2

Birth rate per 1,000 population (2014):9.8 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population (2014):4.7 (world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per 1,000 popula-tion (2014): 5.1 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth (2013): male81.7 years; female 86.6 years.

Age breakdown (2010)2:

Ethnic composition (2014)2: Religious affiliation (2000)2:

Singapore

Official name: Xinjiapo Gongheguo (MandarinChinese); Republik Singapura (Malay);Cingkappur Kudiyarasu (Tamil); Republic ofSingapore (English).

Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith one legislative house (Parliament [1011]).

Head of state: President Tony Tan.Head of state government: Prime Minister Lee

Hsien Loong.Capital: Singapore.Official languages: Mandarin Chinese; Malay;

Tamil; English.Official religion: none. Monetary unit: Singapore dollar (S$); valuation(Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = S$1.41; 1 £ = S$2.16.

Population (2010 census)3, 4

De facto population 5,076,7005

De jure population 3,771,7006

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National economyBudget (2009). Revenue: S$37,872,100,000 (tax revenue 93.1%, ofwhich taxes on corporate income 25.1%, personalincome taxes 19.3%, taxes on goods and services17.5%; nontax revenue 6.9%). Expenditures:S$40,482,900,000 (security and external relations35.6%; education 20.2%; transport 11.2%; health8.2%; trade and industry 7.1%).

Public debt (December 2010): U.S.$241,500,000,000.Production (metric tons except as noted).

Agriculture, forestry, fishing (2012): spinach 2,200,cabbages 605, lettuce 502, coconuts 150, mush-rooms and truffles 57, orchids (roughly 15% ofthe world market) and other ornamental plantsare cultivated for export; livestock (number of live animals) 272,000pigs, 3,500,000 chickens, 750,000 ducks; roundwood, n.a.; fisheries pro-duction 5,553 (from aquaculture 65%)13. Quarrying: limestone, n.a.Manufacturing (value added in S$’000,000; 2012): electronic productsand components 15,043; pharmaceuticals 13,427; transportation equip-ment 9,435; precision and medical equipment 8,805; chemicals andchemical products 4,782. Energy production (consumption): electricity(kW-hr; 2012–13) 47,381,000,000 ([2011] 41,787,000,000), by source(2012): fossil fuels 98.6%; renewable energy 1.4%, of which biomassand waste 1.4%; coal, none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 2011)none (309,000,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) 45,242,000(10,657,000); natural gas (cu m; 2011) none (8,778,000,000).

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$301,639,000,000 (U.S.$55,150per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$80,270 per capita).

Average household size (2012): 3.5.Population economically active (2013)2: total (2008) 1,928,30011; partici-

pation rates: ages 15–64, male 75.8%; female 58.1%; unemployed(2014) 1.7%, of which youth (ages 15–24; 2013) 7.0%.

Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops or left fal-low 0.9%; in permanent crops 0.1%; in pasture, n.a.; forest area 3.3%.

Foreign trade12

Imports (2014): S$463,779,000,000 (mineral fuelsand lubricants 30.9%, electronic machinery andequipment 23.8%, integrated circuits/parts 17.6%,chemicals and chemical products 7.1%). Major import sources:

Exports (2014): S$518,923,000,000 (nonelectronicmachinery and equipment 23.0%, integrated cir-cuits/parts 22.7%, crude and refined petroleum16.7%, chemicals and chemical products 13.0%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2009): route length24 mi, 39 km16. Roads (201417)18: totallength 2,172 mi, 3,496 km (paved 100%).Vehicles (201417): passenger cars 619,023;trucks and buses 179,252.

Education and healthLiteracy (2014)14: percentage of total popula-

tion age 15 and over literate 96.7%; malesliterate 98.6%; females literate 94.9%.

Health (2014): physicians 11,73315 (1 per 466persons); hospital beds 12,505 (1 per 437persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 livebirths2 1.8; undernourished population, n.a.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November2014): 72,500 (army 69.0%, navy 12.4%, airforce 18.6%); reserve 312,500; paramilitary75,100. Military expenditure as percentageof GDP (2014): 3.3%; per capita expendi-ture U.S.$1,796.

1Includes 12 nonelective seats. 2Based on de jure population. 3July 1; preliminary. 4Singapore does not have a local government structure. Five community development coun-cils established in 2001 manage a variety of social services. 5The de facto population figure (as of the 2010 census) includes citizens (3,230,700), noncitizens with permanentresidency status (541,000), and temporary residents (1,305,000). 6The de jure population figure excludes temporary residents. 7Includes not adequately defined. 8Includesstorage and information services. 9Taxes on products. 10Unemployed. 11Total labour force, including temporary residents, equals 2,939,000. 12Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b.13Aquarium fish farming is also an important economic pursuit; Singapore produces roughly 30% of the world’s ornamental fish. 14Based on de facto population. 15Excludingphysicians not in active practice. 16Length of Singapore portion of Singapore–to–Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, railway. 17End of period. 18Public roads only. 19Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Department of Statistics Singapore www.singstat.gov.sg• Ministry of Trade and Industry www.mti.gov.sg

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2009 2008

in value % of total labour % of labourS$’000,000 value force2 force2

Agriculture, quarrying 107.6 0.1 22,8007 1.27

Manufacturing 48,910.2 18.5 311,900 16.2Construction 13,585.0 5.1 105,500 5.5Public utilities 3,537.8 1.3 … …Transp. and commun.8 31,983.4 12.1 269,400 14.0Trade, hotels 49,907.7 18.8 389,500 20.2Finance, real estate 77,446.3 29.2 361,100 18.7Pub. admin., defense, services 25,700.9 9.7 391,900 20.3

Other 13,879.09 5.29 76,20010 3.910

TOTAL 265,057.9 100.0 1,928,30011 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 8,72419 1,58119

Landline 2014 1,960 355

Internet users 2009 3,658 772Broadband 2014 1,53319 27819

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