SIN & COVENANT Presentation

8/12/2019 SIN & COVENANT Presentation

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MEMBERS:

LETICIA FRIESEN

ESTER OCAMPOS

VERONICA MAS


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In Abrahamic contexts, sinis the act of violating God's will. Sin can also be viewedas anything that violates the ideal relationship between an Individual and God.

Some crimes are regarded as sins and some sins are regarded as greater than

others. In this nuanced concept of sin, sins fall in a spectrum from minorerrors to deadly misdeeds. Catholicism regards the least corrupt sins as venialsinswhich are part of human living and carry little divine consequence.

Conversely, sins of great evil are mortal sinswhich bring the dire consequenceof going to Hell if unrepented for.

Sins of careless living are considered destructive and lead to greater sins according

to the Seven Deadly Sins. Another concept of sin deals with things that exist onEarth but not in Heaven. Food, for example, while a necessary good for the(health of the temporal) body, is not of (eternal) transcendental living andtherefore itsexcessivesavoring is considered a sin.


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The word derives from Old Englishsyn(n), for original

*sunj

,... The stem may be related to that of Latin sons,sont-is guilty. In Old English there are examples of theoriginal general sense, offence, wrong-doing,

misdeed'.The Biblical terms that have been translatedfrom Greek and Hebrew literally refer to missing atarget, i.e. error


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For such a small word, a lot is packed into the meaning ofsin. The Bible describes sin as the breaking, or

transgression, of God's law (1 John 3:4). It is alsodefined as disobedience or rebellion against God(Deuteronomy 9:7), as well as independence from God.

The original translation means "to miss the mark" of God'sholy standard of righteousness.


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Hamartiology is the branch of theology that deals with the study of sin. It investigateshow sin originated, how it affects the human race, the different types and degrees ofsin, and the results of sin.

While the basic origin of sin is unclear, we know that it came into the world when theserpent, Satan, tempted Adam and Eve and they disobeyed God (Genesis 3; Romans5:12). The essence of the problem stemmed from the human desire tobe like God.All sin, therefore, has its roots in idolatrythe attempt to put something or someone

in the place of the Creator. Most often, that someone is one's own self. While Godallows sin, he is not the author of sin. All sins are an offense to God and theyseparate us from him (Isaiah 59:2).


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While the term "original sin" is not expressly stated in the Bible,the Christian doctrine of original sin is based on verses that

include Psalm 51:5, Romans 5:12-21 and 1 Corinthians 15:22. As

a result of Adam's fall, sin entered the world. Adam, the head orroot of the human race, caused every man after him to be borninto a sinful state or fallen condition. Original sin, then, is the

root of sin that taints the life of man. All humans have adoptedthis sin nature through Adam's original act of disobedience.

Original sin is often referred to as "inherited sin."


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The existence of sin is an undeniable fact, as attested byJesus simple words, "Do to others whatever you would

have them do to you,

The conscience agrees with Jesus,ensuring that everyone knows what it means to sin. Noone can examine his own nature, or observe the conduct of

his fellow man, without concluding that there is such anevil as sin.


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A biblic l coven ntis a religious covenant that is described in the Bible.All Abrahamic religions consider biblical covenants important. Of thesecovenants, the Noahic Covenant is unique in applying to all humanity,while the other covenants are principally agreements made

between God and the biblical Israelites and their proselytes. Jeremiah31:3033 also mentions "a new covenant" that God would establishwith Israel and Judah.

Christians believe this new covenant to be the "replacement" or "finalfulfilment" of the Old Covenant described in the Old Testament or asexisting alongside it in dual covenant theology.


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See also: Genesis flood narrative-Rainbow covenant and Noahidelaws.

The Noahic covenant [Gen 9:8-17]applies to all of humanity and

to all living creatures.In this covenant, God promises neveragain to destroy all life on Earth by floodand createsthe rainbow as the sign of this "everlasting covenant between

God and every living creature of all flesh that is on theearth".


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Main article:Abram's CovenantThe Abrahamic covenant found in Genesis 12-17 is known as theBrit bein HaBetarim,

the "Covenant Between the Parts" in Hebrew, and is the basis for britmilah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his

seed, or offspring,both of natural birth and adoption.In Genesis 1217 three covenants can be distinguished based on the

differing Jahwist, Elohist and Priestly sources. In Genesis 12 and 15, God grantsAbram land and descendants but does not place any stipulations (unconditional). By

contrast, Gen. 17 contains the covenant of circumcision (conditional).To make of Abraham a great nation and to bless those who bless him and curse those

who curse him and all peoples on earth would be blessed through Abraham.[Gen 12:13]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram's_Covenanthttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2012:1%E2%80%933;&version=NIV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram's_Covenant


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To give Abraham's descendants all the land from the river (orwadi) of Egypt tothe Euphrates.[Gen 15:1821]Later, this land came to be referred to as the Promised

Landor theLand of Israel, however the land specified by the Abrahamic covenant alsoincludes the modern nations of Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon,Jordan, Kuwait, UAE, and several other nations in the Middle East.[citation needed]

To make Abraham the father of many nations and of many descendants and give "the whole

land of Canaan" to his descendants.[Gen 17:29]

Circumcision is to be the permanent sign of this everlasting covenant with Abraham and his

male descendants and is known as the brit milah.[Gen 17:914]

Covenants in biblical times were often sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that

the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verbmeaning to seal a covenant translates literally as "to cut". It is presumed by Jewishscholars that the removal of the foreskin symbolically represents such a sealing of thecovenant.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadihttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Israelhttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:9%E2%80%9314;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2017:2%E2%80%939;&version=NIV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Landhttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Gen%2015:18%E2%80%9321;&version=NIV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi


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Main article:Mosaic covenantSee also: Ten Commandments, 613 commandments, and Law of Moses

The Mosaic covenant, beginning inExodus 19-24, contains the foundations of the written Torah andthe Oral Torah. In this covenant, God promises to make the Israelites his treasured possession among

all people

[Exo 19:5]

and "a kingdom of priests and a holy nation"

[Exo 19:6]

, if they follow God'scommandments. As part of the terms of this covenant, God gives Moses the Ten Commandments. Thesewill later be elaborated on in the rest of the Torah.

The form of the covenant resembles the suzerainty treaty in the ancient Near East.Like the treaties,the Ten Commandments begins with Yahweh's identification and what he had done for Israel ("who

brought you out of the land of Egypt"; Ex 20:2) as well as the stipulations commanding absoluteloyalty ("You shall not have other gods apart from me"). Unlike the suzerainty treaty,the Decalogue does not have any witness nor explicit blessings and curses. The fullest account of the

Mosaic covenant is given in the book of Deuteronomy.

God gave the children of Israel the Shabbat as the permanent sign of this covenant.[Exo 31:12-17]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_covenanthttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:5;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:6;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2031:12-17;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:6;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:6;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:6;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:5;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:5;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exo%2019:5;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Exodus%2019-24;&version=ESV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_covenant


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Main article: Priestly covenant

The priestly covenant (Hebrew: brith

ha-kehuna) is the covenant that God made with Aaron andhis descendants, the Aaronic priesthood, as found inthe Hebrew Bible and Oral Torah. The Hebrew Bible

also mentions another perpetual priestly promisewith Phinehas and his descendants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_covenant


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See also: David-Jerusalem and the Davidic covenantThe Davidic covenantestablishes David and his descendants as the kings of the united monarchy of

Israel (which included Judah). The Davidic covenant is an important element in Jewishmessianism and Christian theology. In Jewish eschatology, the messiah is believed to be a futureJewish king from the Davidic line, who will be anointed with holy anointing oil, gather the Jews

back into the Land of Israel, usher in an era of peace, build the Third Temple, have a male heir,re-institute the Sanhedrin and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age.Christian theologian John F. Walvoord maintains that the Davidic covenant deserves an important place in

determining the purposes of God and that its exegesis confirms the doctrine of a future reign ofChrist on earth. While Jewish theologians have always pointed out that Jesus did not fulfill theexpectations of a Jewish messiah, for conservative Christian theologians the opinion is almost unanimous

that Christ fulfills the Davidic covenant, the provisions of which include the following items:David is to have a child, yet to be born, who shall succeed him and establish his kingdom.A son (Solomon) shall build the temple instead of David.The throne of his kingdom shall be established forever.The throne will not be taken away from him (Solomon) even though his sins justify chastisement.

Davids house, throne, and kingdom shall be established forever.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David


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Main article:New Covenant-Judaism

The only reference in the Hebrew Bible that uses the wording"new covenant" is found inJeremiah 31:3033and Judaism'sview is that the words "new covenant" do not refer to acommitment that replaces a previous one, but rather to anadditional and greater level of commitment.Because the Mosaiccovenant applies only to Jews and converts to Judaism they donot see this phrase as relevant in any way to non-Jews.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Jeremiah&verse=31:30%E2%80%9333&src=HEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenant


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Main article:New Covenant-ChristianityThe key biblical text for the Christian concept of the New Covenant is found in theBook of

Hebrewsverses8:613which references theBook of Jeremiah. The Christian New Covenant involvesthe theological concept of a new relationship between God and humans mediated by Jesus. This newrelationship is available to all people,both Jews and Gentiles, if they convert to Christianity, under mostviews of Supersession while under dual covenant theology Jews should practice Judaism while Gentilesshould convert to Christianity or follow the Noahide Laws to be assured of a place in the world to come.

Christians vary in their view of the New Covenant. Some believe the New Covenant extends the MosaicCovenant but it seemingly accomplishes new things.Christian laws of faith claim that a New Covenant of

the trinitarian God with the Christians and the Christian Church replaces, fulfills or completesGod's Mosaic covenant.

There are other sections in the New Testament that are often considered to be relevant to the newcovenant.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hebrewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hebrewshttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Hebrews&verse=8:6%E2%80%9313&src=!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hebrewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hebrewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenant


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The Gospel of Luke tells of the birth of John the Baptist. His father, Zacharias,prophesied at the time. In his prophecy he says that God has remembered His holycovenant. The events at the beginning of the Christian story are connected tothe covenant God made with Abraham. Just before his crucifixion, Jesus celebrated

the Passover with his disciples. All three of the synoptic gospels describe the specialattention he gives to the bread and the wine. When he presents the wine to his disciples,he says that it is the blood of the covenant poured out for them.Matthew explains thatthe pouring out of the blood was done for the forgiveness of sins. In most modern English

translations of the Bible, Luke 22:20 calls it the "new covenant", however Luke 22:1720 is also disputed by Greek New Testament scholars. Six forms of the text have beenidentified; for example, the Western text-type such as Codex Bezae omit verses 19b20.


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In theActs of the Apostles, Peter and John heal a crippled man.Peter speaks to the wondering crowd. He says they are thechildren of the covenant God made with their fathers and quotesthe promise to Abraham, "And in thy seed shall all the kindredsof the earth be blessed." Peter tells them that God has sentthe resurrected Jesus first to them to bless them and forgivethem of their sins. He proclaims Jesus to be the covenant "seed"promised to Abraham.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles


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In the Epistle to the Romans, Paul addresses God's covenantal relationship with theJewish people. He states emphatically that God has not rejected the Jewishpeople. To drive home his point, he recalls the time when Elijah felt all alone inhis service to God. God assured Elijah that he wasn't alone, that there were 7000that had not bowed the knee to Baal. Paul says that the Jewish people's rejection

of Christ was a stumbling but not a falling. He writes that the Jewish rejectionhas opened the way for the Gentiles to be saved. Paul considers this turn of

events to be a great blessing for the Gentiles. He then asks, if this Jewishfailure to accept Christ brought such blessings to the world, what greaterblessings will come when the Jewish people finally join the fellowship.


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