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Interfacial Engineering of Hybridized Solar Cells for
Simultaneously Harvesting Solar and Rain Energies
Yingli Wang, Jialong Duan, Yanyan Duan, Yuanyuan Zhao, Zhibin Pang, Benlin He and Qunwei
Tang*
Institute of Materials Science and engineering, Ocean University China, Qingdao 266100, P. R.
China.
*E-mail address: [email protected]
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017
Supplementary tables
Table S1 The EIS parameters for the photovoltaics.
CEs Rs (Ω cm2) Rct1 (Ω cm2) Rct2 (Ω cm2)
PANi 0.63 1.38 22.01
PANi-graphene 0.61 0.72 15.45
PANi-graphene/PtCo 0.42 0.71 9.58
PANi-graphene/PtCo|LPPs 0.16 0.37 6.77
Table S2 The composition of the real rain collected in Qingdao of China.
KCl NaCl NaNO3 Na2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 MgCl2 CaCl2 CaSO4 Na2CO3
Concentration
(mg L-1)
4.10 2.05 8.33 1.42 13.73 32.78 47.90 34.43 10.60
Supplementary figures
1 2 3 4 50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75a
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
3
6
9
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75b
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
2
4
6
8
10
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1 2 3 4 5
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75c
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
Fig. S1 The random photovoltaic parameters for (a) PANi, (b) PANi-graphene and (c) PANi-
graphene/PtCo CEs tailored traditional DSSC under the simulated sunlight (AM 1.5).
0 10 20 30 400
10
20
30
40
Rs
CPE2
Rct2 WRct1
CPE1
Rs
CPE2
Rct2 WRct1
CPE1
-Z' (
ohm
cm
2 )
Z' (ohm cm2)
PANi-graphene/PtCo|LPPs PANi-graphene/PtCoPANi-graphenePANi
Fig. S2 The Nyquist EIS plots for photovoltaics. Rs: sheet resistance, Rct1: charge-transfer
resistance at counter electrode/electrolyte, Rct2: charge-transfer resistance at the
TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface, W: Nernst diffusion impedance corresponding to the diffusion
resistance of I-/I3- redox species, CPE1 and CPE2 are constant phase elements. (Table S1).
-0.6 0.0 0.6 1.2-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
Potential (V)
Red2: 3I2+2e=2I3-
Red1: I3-+2e=3I-
Ox2: 2I3--2e=3I2
Ox1: 3I--2e=I3-
Curre
nt d
ensit
y (A
cm
-2)
PANi PANi-graphene PANi-graphene/alloy
Fig. S3 CV curves of PANi, PANi-graphene and PANi-graphene/PtCo CEs recorded in
liquid electrolyte at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1.
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
PANi-graphene/PtCo, without rainwater PANi-graphene/PtCo, with rainwater
Cur
rent
(A)
Voltage (V)
PANi, without rainwater PANi, with rainwater PANi-graphene, without rainwater PANi-graphene, with rainwater
Fig. S4 The ohmic resistances recorded on PANi, PANi-graphene or PANi-graphene/PtCo
alloy tailored solar cells with and without simulated rainwater.
0 200 400 600 800 10000
2
4
6
8
200 210 220 230 240 2500
1
2
3
4
5
Curre
nt (A
)Time (s)
Curre
nt (A)
Time (s)
a
0 300 600 900 12000
50
100
150
200
250
200 210 220 230 240 2500
20406080
100120140160
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
b
0 400 800 1200 16000
10
20
30
0 10 20 30 40 500
2
4
6
8
10
Cur
rent
(A
)
Time (s)
Curre
nt (
A)
Time (s)
c
0 200 400 600 800 10000
200
400
600
800
300 310 320 330 340 3500
100
200
300
400
500
Vol
tage
(V
)Time (s)
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
d
0 300 600 900 1200 15000
100
200
300
400
500
0 10 20 30 40 500
50
100
150
200
250
Time (s)
Cur
rent
(A
)
Time (s)
Cur
rent
(A
)
e
0 300 600 900 1200 15000
500
1000
1500
0 10 20 30 40 500
200
400
600
800
Time (s)
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
Vol
tage
(V
)
f
Fig. S5 The long-term stability of current and voltage outputs by dropping simulated
rainwater onto (a)&(b) PANi, (c)&(d) PANi-graphene, or (e)&(f) PANi-graphene/PtCo
tailored all-weather solar cells.
Fig. S6 Cross-sectional SEM image of green-emitting TiO2/LPP photoanode.
1 2 3 4 50
2
4
6
8
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75a
Sample numbleFF
(%)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
3
6
9
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75b
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
2
4
6
8
10
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1 2 3 4 5
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75c
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
Fig. S7 The random photovoltaic parameters for (a) PANi, (b) PANi-graphene and (c) PANi-
graphene/PtCo CEs tailored hybridized solar cells with green-emitting m-TiO2/LPP
photoanodes under the simulated sunlight (AM 1.5).
1 2 3 4 50
3
6
9
12
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
1 2 3 4 5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
1 2 3 4 5
0
10
20
30
40
50a
Sample numbleFF
(%)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 50.00
0.07
0.14
0.21
0.28
0.35
1 2 3 4 5
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.09
1 2 3 4 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60b
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
V oc (V
)
(%
)
1 2 3 4 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 50.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1 2 3 4 5
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
1 2 3 4 5
0
15
30
45
60
75c
Sample numble
FF (%
)
J sc (m
A cm
-2)
Voc
(V)
(%
)
Fig. S8 The random photovoltaic parameters for (a) PANi, (b) PANi-graphene and (c) PANi-
graphene/PtCo CEs tailored hybridized solar cells with green-emitting m-TiO2/LPP photoanodes in
the dark condition.
300 400 500 600 700 800
0
20
40
60
80
100
IPC
E (%
)
Wavelength (nm)
With LPPs Without LPPs
Fig. S9 IPCE plots of the solar cells with and without LPP phosphors.
0 50 100 150 200 250-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
PANi-graphene/PtCo CE, without LPPs PANi-graphene/PtCo CE, with LPPs
Time (s)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm
-2)
Fig. S10 The magnified on-off switches of PANi-graphene/PtCo alloy CE tailored hybridized
solar cell and traditional solar cell.
