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Simulators for Training:
Assessment, Validation, and
Acceptance Strategies
The Human Patient Simulator™
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality
January 25, 2003
Ron Carovano
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 2
Overview
Needs
History
Pacing Technologies
User Experience
Assessment, Validation, and Acceptance
Emerging Concepts and Developments
Ongoing Challenges
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 3
Needs Challenges of the Apprenticeship Approach
Time is fixed, learning is variable
Limited access to patients in the clinical setting
Focus on patient care, rather than learning
Education and Training Initial
Refresher
Sustainment
Operational Levels Individual clinicians
Clinical teams
Healthcare system
Test and Evaluation Objective performance measurement
Operational test and assessment
Event rehearsal
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 4
Brief History
1969 Sim One Anesthesia Simulator, University of Southern California
1987 Anesthesia Simulators Reborn, University of Florida and Stanford University
1993 Simulation for Health Sciences Programs, State of Florida Department of Education
1994 Commercialization of Patient Simulation, Loral Corp. and CAE Link Corp.
1997 Combat Trauma Patient Simulation (CTPS) Program, US Army STRICOM
1999 PediaSim™ Pediatric Patient Simulator, METI
2001 CTPS Test and Evaluation, Fort Gordon, Georgia
2002 Emergency Care Simulator (ECS), METI
2003 Simulator-based Field Casualty Drills, Louisiana Office of Emergency Preparedness
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 5
Pacing Technologies Mannequin
Anatomy
Clinical signs
Monitored parameters
Haptics and End-effectors Technologies that bring the simulation to life
Palpable pulses, breathing, pupil dilation
Models Mathematical models of physiology and pharmacology
Physical models (e.g., pulmonary gas exchange)
Software Instructor operation
Scenario generation
After-action review
System Operational configuration
Computer hardware and operating systems
Communications, data acquisition and control
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 6
User Experience
World-Wide Simulator Installations
Over 300 HPS’s
Over 80 PediaSim’s
Over 50 ECS’s
User Site Distribution
72 Domestic Medical Schools
74 International Medical Schools
72 Nusing and Health Sciences Schools
71 Government and Military Sites
Hundreds of academic publications
Thousands of student learning experiences
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 7
Assessment, Validation, and Acceptance
User Acceptance Indicative of a High Level of Face Validity for Education and Training
Schwid, H.A. (2002, December) Evaluation of Anesthesia Residents Using Mannequin-
based Simulation. Anesthesiology. V 97. No 6. 1434-1444. Construct validity supported by improvement in performance from CB and CA-1 to CA-2 and CA-3 levels of
training
Criterion validity supported by correlation of simulator scores with faculty evaluations (P < 0.01, ABA written
in-training scores (P < 0.01), and departmental mock oral board scores (P < 0.01)
Reliability demonstrated by very good internal consistency ( == 0.71-0.76) and excellent inter-rater reliability
(P < 0.01)
Holcomb, J.B., Dumire, R.D. (2002) Evaluation of Trauma Team Performance Using an
Advanced Human Patient Simulation for Resuscitation Training. Journal of Trauma
Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 52, 1078-1086.
Partners Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts Anesthesiologists benefited from reduced cost in malpractice insurance upon completion of anesthesia crisis
resource management simulation program
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 8
Emerging Concepts and Developments
Operational Healthcare System Readiness
Disaster Response
Bioterrorism
Tactical Medicine
Mass Casualty Events
Test and Evaluation
Tool for design and test
Measures of performance and effectiveness
Objective, criterion-based assessment
Credentialing and Certification
Predictive Validity
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 9
Ongoing Challenges
Advance Simulation Beyond Training
Apply the Science of Simulation:
Verification, Validation, and Accreditation
Balance Needs, Technology, and Cost
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 10
Ron Carovano
Director of New Business Development
Medical Education Technologies, Inc.
6000 Fruitville Road
Sarasota, Florida 34232
U.S.A.
Phone: (941) 377-5562
Fax: (941) 379-1621
E-mail: [email protected]
http://www.meti.com
Contact Information
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 11
Virtual Hospital Chain of Patient Safety
OPERATIONALTEST & ASSESSMENT
MISSION REHEARSAL
Pre-HospitalGround
Ambulance
Hospital Ward
EmergencyDepartment
Air Ambulance
Operating Room
Critical Care
This document is proprietary and shall not be used or disclosed without the consent of METI 12
CTPS Chain of Survival
OPERATIONALTEST & ASSESSMENT
MISSION REHEARSAL
Point of InjuryCasualty
Collection Point
Combat SupportHospital
BattalionAid Station
GroundAmbulance
ForwardSurgical Team
Air Ambulance
