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The simple past tense of regular verbs
• Subject + -ed form of verb (V2)• Verb after ‘to’ + infinitive• Adverb of past: – ago– yesterday– last… (= 1 … ago)
• Specific time in the past:– in (+month year)– on (+ date/day)– at (+ hour)
Exercise 1
1. worked2. learned3. loved4. opened; repaired5. started
6. used7. succeeded8. died9. lived
Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs
1. Regular verbs + ed2. Verbs ending in ‘e’ + d3. Verbs ending in const+y change y to i, + ed4. Verbs ending in vowl+y + ed5. One syllable verb ending in CVC double the
final consonant, + ed6. Verbs ending in w or x + ed
Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs
7. Two-syllable verbs ending in CVC, 2nd syllable stressed double the final consonant, + ed
8. Two-syllable verbs, last syllable NOT stressed do not double the final consonant, +ed
Exercise 2
1. played2. studied3. decided4. wanted5. liked6. showed7. looked8. stopped9. happened10. carried
11. enjoyed12. dragged13. dropped14. started15. followed16. preferred17. liked18. mixed19. admitted20. developed
Exercise 2
1. played 42. studied 33. decided 24. wanted 15. liked 26. showed 67. looked 18. stopped 59. happened 810. carried 3
11. enjoyed 412. dragged 513. dropped 514. started 115. followed 616. preferred 717. liked 218. mixed 619. admitted 720. developed 1
Pronunciation of –ed past forms
• After voiceless sounds /p, k, f, s, ∫, t∫/ /t/• After voiced sounds /b, g, v, ð, z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ,
l, r/ + all vowels /d/• After /t/ or /d/ sounds /əd/
Exercise 3
1. played /d/2. studied /d/3. decided /əd/4. wanted /əd/5. liked /t/6. showed /d/7. looked /t/8. stopped /t/9. happened /d/10. carried /d/
11. enjoyed /d/12. dragged /d/13. dropped /t/14. started /əd/15. followed /d/16. preferred /d/17. liked /t/18. mixed /t/19. admitted /əd/20. developed /t/
Exercise 4
1. played2. dreamed3. studied4. started5. used
6. tried7. crashed8. fixed9. stayed10. offered
Past tense of Be: Negation
• Subject + was not +…• Subject+ wasn’t +…• Subject + were not +…• Subject + weren’t +…
Irregular Verb 2Verbs with no change Final d changes to t
Verbs with a vowel change
/ɛ/ or /ɒ/ /ɔ/
/oʊ/ /æ/
/Λ/ /ɒ/ or /oʊ/
/ʊ/ /ɛ/
/əʊ/ or /oʊ/, /u/ /aʊ/ or /eI/ or /ɛ/
/ɔ/ /I/
/eI/ /ɛ/
/eI/ /ɔ/
/ɒ/ or /ɑ/ /u/
Miscellaneous Changes
DIPHTHONGS
• Blue letters (usual letters)• A diphthong involves a movement from one
position to another position within one syllable.
• E.g. e = cake, made, may, sayoʊ = go, no, so, low
a = high, tide, cryaʊ = cow, how, bow
Summary
1. Be was/were2. Other verbs regular/irregular verbs
Note-Questions:• WH- Where did she work?• Negative Why didn’t she work on Sunday?• Subject Who worked on Sunday?
Exercise A
1. were not / weren’t2. didn’t fly3. wasn’t4. didn’t invent5. didn’t die
6. didn’t go7. didn’t come8. wasn’t born9. didn’t build10.didn’t become
Exercise B
1. Did Orville Wright become famous? Yes, he did.
2. Was Goddard an aviator? No, he wasn’t.3. Did Earhart fly across the Atlantic Ocean? Yes,
she did.4. Was Goddard born in the U.S.? Yes, he was.
Exercise B
5. Did the Wright brothers write about rockets? No, they didn’t.
6. Did the Americans send a man into space? Yes, they did.
7. Did Wilbur Wright die in 1945? No, he didn’t.
Exercise C
1. When was Lindbergh born?2. What did the Wright brothers invent?3. Who invented the airplane?4. When did Earhart cross the ocean?5. How much (money) did Lindbergh/he get for
his flight?