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8/2/2019 Simona-Retezat National Park
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Location
Retezat National Park lies in the Southern Carpathians including a part of the Retezat-
Godeanu mountain range, between 45 15- 45 28 Northern latitude and 28 35- 23
3 Eastern longitude.
Most of Retezat National Park is located in the Hunedoara County, bordered by the
Hateg Depression, the Tulisa Mountains, the Strei Valley, the Petrosani Depression, the
West Jill Valley and the Rul Mare Valley (Retezat National Park Management Plan2003).
A part of the park area is located on the administrative territory of the Caras-Severin
and Gorj Counties.
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The park has a surface of 38.138 ha and a wilderness zone of 14.215 ha (37,27% of
total area). The altitude ranges from 794 m to 2.509 m at the highest peak and main
features are the beautiful landscapes with natural forests, alpine meadows, peaks,
trees, mountain streams, ravines, gorges and glacial lakes. The park is rich in flora and
fauna and houses more than 1.190 plant species and more than 50 mammal species
including bears, wolves, lynx and chamois.
Zones
The protected area considered in 1935 was of about 100 square km. The buffer area
was established by forest management plans starting with 1964, in order to ensure a
better protection of the core area. The total area increased from the 10.000 ha (1935) to
more than 20.000 ha in 1964 and 54.491 ha in 1990.
In the present, Retezat National Park is represented by the Gemenele-Taul Negru
Scientific Reserve (1.936 ha) which main objective is conservation and were scientific
research with the park administration permit (public access is restricted) is the main
activity. In the Scientific Reserve, administrated by the Romanian Academy, research is
carried out on every aspect of wildlife. Retezat National Park has a Core Zone (19.551ha) which main objectives are nature conservation, tourism and education. In the
scientific reserve and in the core area no harvesting and no other productive activities
are allowed (hunting, fishing, fruit and mushroom collecting). Local councils administrate
the alpine area, but don't have wardens for the area. Here foresters' activity concerns
only dwarf pine protection and wildlife. There is a Buffer Zone (18.587 ha) were people
harvest sustainable timber, go for hunting and fishing (respecting annual quota) and
participate in tourism. RNP also has a PAN Parks wilderness area scattered over Zone
B and Zone C (10.075 ha) which main objectives are nature conservation, tourism and
education, but activities regard tourism only.
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Number of tourists
Retezat National Park offers possibility for tourists to go hiking, walking, trekking,
wildlife, camping, climbing, skiing, mountain biking, caving or do some bird watching.
Despite being the oldest national park in Romania, Retezat National Park is a relatively
new and still unknown destination (low visitor rate) competing against destinations that
have high name identity (Retezat National Park STDS, 2006). Most tourists come during
summer to RNP to relax in the park or do other nature related activities. During the
winter the main activities are trekking and skiing. As those activities require a natural
surrounding and often much luggage, most people like to stay in the park or as close by
as possible. This means that people often travel straight to the park without taking the
villages in consideration. Next to this comes the fact that people that are mostly
interested in rural Romanian life are often foreigners; most visiting tourist in RNP (more
then 75%) are Romanian by origin and already have knowledge about local culture and
traditions. The foreigners are represented by European countries and mainly come from
Retezat National Park Zoning
Zone ASTRICTLY
PROTECTED AREAS
(1.936 ha)
areas for scientific
research
ScientificReserves
Gemenele
Scientfic Reserve
Zone B
SPECIAL CONSERVATION AREA
(CORE ZONE )
(19.551 ha)
a.) Integralprotection area
monitoredtourism,education
alactivities,
traditional
activities (grazing)
b.) Areas ofspecialinterestfrom thepoint ofview of thebiodiversity
c.) Areaswith
touristsinfrastructure
Zone CBUFFER ZONE
(18.587 ha)
activities of administration
and natural resouces are
allowed
b.) Areas ofspecial
interest from
the point ofview of the
biodiversity
c.) Areas withtourists
infrastructure
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France. In the summer of 2000, Retezat National Park had more than 8.000 visitors and
in the last years the visitors rates increased up to 25.000 tourists/year.
Transport
Transportation infrastructure into National Parks and protected areas in general
provides tourist the opportunity to visit and better understanding the nature within
protected areas. Transportation represents a key factor into development of National
Parks tourism as it is directly influencing the number of tourists into a certain area.
Transportation infrastructure (roads, tracks, airstrips, boat landing, etc) often has very
significant impacts on protected areas and sustainable development such as
fragmentation of ecosystems that seriously affects the movements of wild animals.
Individual transportation, mainly by car, seems to be the main form of transport to and
from National Parks. As they are usually located in rather underdeveloped regions
access by public transportation is limited. Due to relatively small numbers of potential
users, and usually seasonal differences, the economic appeal for investments into the
transportation sector is limited. The user- friendliness of public transportation for
tourists usually travelling with outdoor equipment also faces a potential problem.
It is a thin line between the necessity of improving the transportation infrastructure and
protection of the wilderness. Transportation its a crucial factor for the sustainable
development of protected ares
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Retezat National Park acces
Because of the position of the mountain, the entrances in the Retezat NationalPark follow to main directions: Hateg depression and Jiu Valley.
Table: Entrances in Retezat National Park
ENTRANCE POINTS
WEST NORTH SOUTH
ntrance
ame
Gura
Zlata
Gura
Apei
Rausor Carnic Baleia Stana de
Rau
Buta Cam
Road of
cces
category,
ame)
European
Road E79
National
Road DN
68
County
Road
European
Road E79
County
Road
County
Road
Forestry
Road
European
Road E79
National Roa
66A
ocalities Hateg Carnesti Rau de
Mori
Ohaba
de Sub
Piatra
Carnic Hobita Pui Uricani Cam
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Roads:
In Hateg depression the entrances are from Deva city by the national route 66,
DN66, (Deva Simeria Hateg Pui Petrosani) and from Caransebes city by thenational route, DN68 (CaransebesHateg).
In Jiu Valley the entrances are from Deva city by the national route, DN 66 (Deva
SimeriaHaeg PuiPetroani) and from Targul Jiu city also by the national route
66, DN 66 ( Tg. JiuFiliai Petroani ).
Table: Access roads
Access Roads Category Condition
Lapusnicul Mare Valley forestry Rebuilt after the flood of 1999
Carnic - Pietrele county
Closed to public access;
partially restored, accessible
only by tractor or off-road cars
Stana de Rau forestry Rebuilt after the flood of 1999
Buta forestry Public access only until
Beciuri area
Jiul de Vest Valley national Very good
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Railway:
Table: Access in Retezat National Paark from the railway station
RAILWAY
STATION
ENTRANCE
POINT IN PNR
ACCES
TOTAL
DISTANCE
OF WICH
FORESTRY
ROAD
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
Subcetate
Gura Zlata 32 KM
____
unorganized from
Rau de Mori or
Brazi
Gura Apei 40 KM
Rausor 23 KM
____
unorganized
Ohaba de Sub
Piatra Carnic 13 KM 6 KM
local
entrepreneurs in
touristic season
Pui Baleia 16 KM 8 KM unorganized
Stana de Rau 22 KM unorganized
Lupeni Buta 20 KM
____ unorganized from
Campul lui Neag
Campusel 35 KM
____
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The most frequently used entrance in Retezat National Park was Carnic, 70% of
visitors using this entry. This situation is acceptable because it is the most accessible
entrance and it allows easy access to a route that allows a multiple number of trips a
day. Less than 2% of visitors entered the Rotunda PNR, which allows us to consider
this input in the middle of the park as an opportunity and a gateway for tourist
experiences in nature.
Retezat region is a remote area that is hard to access. For some people
remoteness adds to the excitement of the attraction but for many people ease of access
is very essential. Depending upon the need of each area of the parl, infrastructuraldevelopment is vital. There are not many roads that lead to the park and those that are
there are in bad condition. This was concern that was expressed by local operators
during the PAN Parks workshop in April 2006 (Retezat National Park STDS, 2006).
Also public transportation to the park and in the area is lacking. If tourists come
to Retezat National Park without own transport (car), it is difficult for them to move
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around. When staying in a nearby town, it takes at least a 1,5 hour drive to Retezat
National Park.
Transport inside Retezat National Park
Transportation inside National Parks is related to the trails and forestry roads.
Trails are one of the most important infrastructure systems inside of protected areas
because of the two components implied, the safety of the tourists and the safety of the
wilderness. Finding the best solution for the trails network is one of the biggest
challenges for the management of National Parks. An important factor is also the
marking of the trails.
In Retezat National Park exists a network of 27 trails that facilitate the access
within the protected area. The trails are marked according to difficulty of the route and
provide access to huts and shelters.
There are two main directions that we should consider: the need of the tourists
for a well developed network of trails and the safety of the ecosystems and
environment.
In Retezat National Park does not exist an environment problem because of the
big density of the trails, contrary the management of the National Park wants toimplement new trails for various activities such as climbing trails, equestrian trails, etc.
All these new projects want to improve quality of the tourism and to increase the
number of tourists. But all these new ideas have to be put in practice in a manner that
will not affect the wilderness. Meanwhile, only 27 trails are available into Retezat
National Park with various degree of difficulty, so that a large number of tourists can
benefit from the wonders of wilderness.
The second direction taken into consideration is the safety of the ecosystems
and of the environment.
In Retezat National Park, like in numerous protected areas from Romania, there
is a problem with the making of the trails, more exactly, with the materials that they use
for marking.
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Retezat National Park has a glacial relief, where there is no vegetation but also a part
with large forests. The network of trails in glacial part its marked with mark s made of
iron causing problems to the esthetic of the landscape. Other marks are on the rocks or
on the trees.
Accommodation
Tourists expectations of their holiday accomodation does not necessarily relate to the
concept of sustainability. The difficulties of usually isolated locations within National Parks need
to be overcome. Issues that are faced include energy, waste, waste water, food supply.Roofed accommodation
The accommodation possibilities are either within the parks territory or nearby to the
entering points of the park. The check-in spaces are possessed by private owners or by the detour
forest and have different check-in and services conditions, starting from mountain shelter regime
(as Gentiana Shelter), and ending with three star check-in (Anita Pension, Iris, Rotunda Chalet).
Chalets and Pensions, the great majority of them, have no continuous flux of clients.
Many of the accommodation do not respect the terms of Retezat National Park or the
terms of Pan Parks ( Retezat National Park is part of the network). There are some cases where
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motorized vehicles enter inside the National Park to supply the huts with food, facilitating
tourists transport, or for illegal deforestation (photo.). In this situation is the complex of
Pietrele, which is endowed with motorized vehicle despite the fact that the huts are inside the
park.
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Table: Accommodation in Retezat NationalPark
Reception units Location Capacity
Shelters: Gentiana, Condor,
Stevia, Buta, Salvamont
Zanoaga, Bucura and Poiana
Pelegii
Central Zone of RNP 130-150 seats
App. 10 hostels: Belvedere,
Gura Zlata, Dumbravita, Anita,
etc.
National Park buffer zone About 150 seats
-Baleia Hut
-Buta Hut
-Rotunda Hut
-Complex of Pietrele
-Complex of Carnic
-Complex of Rausor
The point of entry in the park
100 seats+
65 seats+
30 seats+
120 seats+
100 seats+
100 seats
*authorized tourist cottage :
Codrin , Sarmis, Dora,etc.
*tourist complexes : Dorulet,
Cheile Butii
*local housing
Adjacent areas more than 500 seats
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Table : Roofed accommodation details
Accommodation Capacity Construction
details
Materials Green
practices/
equipment
Environmental
unfriendly
practices/
equipment
Facilities
Gentiana Hut42 seats Hut with one
floor, 2 rooms(24+18 seats)
wood, stone,tin (external
doors)
solarpanels
_____ heatifireplac
Condor Shelter
Stevia Shelter
Buta
wood
SalvamontZanoaga Shelter
Poiana Pelegii
Shelter
one roomconstruction,no electricity,
no heatingwood _____ ______ ______
BucuraShelter
one roomconstruction,
no electricity,no heating
wood _____ _____ _____
Baleia Hut68 seats
water anelectricifrom the
ownpowerstation
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Rotunda Hut20 seats
Hut with twofloors, with
rooms of 2 , 3beds, 1
presidential
suite
brick, stone,concrete,tile,wood, PVC
windowswith double
glazing,
plastic
_____ unknown
roomswith
toilets,showerswood an
power
stationheating
restaura
Buta Hut20 seats
2 rooms with6 beds,2
rooms with 4beds, noelectricity
wood, brick _____ _____
Complex of
Pietrele102
seats,
winter-45 seats
A complexwith smallcabins, 45
with fireplace
wood, brick,stone, tin
_____
utilizationof motorizedvehicules for
supply,
inadequatetoilets
permanerestauranelectricifrom the
ownpowerstation
Complex of
Carnic
Complex of
Rausor
Camp - sites
Inside Retezat National Park there are several camp-sites, in places where does
not exist roofed accommodation or where roofed accommodation dont handle with the
number of tourists.
The biggest problem encountered on camp-sites facilities from Retezat National
Park is represented by the waste disposal. Waste disposal is an important issue for all
camp- sites. Today, there are no recycling programs and the park management has no
solution for this problem.
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Other problem is represented by the lack of facilities in the camp-sites like toilets.
Table: Camping sites in Retezat National Park
Over 50% of Retezat National Park visitors not use any of the accommodation
facilities, but use their own tents. This situation has two reasons: lack of sufficient seats
in huts and bad facilities offered inside roofed accommodation.
Camping sites
GuraZlata
Rotunda Rausor Pietrele Buta CampuselPoianaPelegii
Bucura ZanoagaStana
de Rau
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Therefore, with increasing number of tourists also it will be an increasing number
of tourists in camp-sites. The problem comes with the lack of waste management and
camp facilities like toilets (which are totally missing from camp-sites).