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8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 1
Silicon Valley
A view of downtown San Jose, the self-proclaimed "Capital of Silicon
Valley"
San Jose
Silicon Valley is a term which refers to the
southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in
Northern California in the United States. The
region is home to many of the world's largest
technology corporations.[1]
The term originally
referred to the region's large number of silicon
chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually
came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the
area; it is now generally used as a metonym for
the American high-tech sector. Despite the
development of other high-tech economic centers
throughout the United States and the world,
Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for
high-tech innovation and development,
accounting for 1/3 of all of the venture capital
investment in the United States.[2]
Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses
all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of
San Jose (and adjacent communities), the
southern Peninsula, and the southern East Bay.
Origin of the term
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph
Vaerst, a Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who
used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled
"Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara
Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies
involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries
that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname,
the Valley of Heart's Delight.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orchardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Hoeflerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Vaersthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Vaersthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Bay_%28San_Francisco_Bay_Area%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venture_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-techhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Bay_%28San_Francisco_Bay_Area%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ASAN_JOSE_CALIFORNIA_PALM_TREE_2010.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ASan_Jose%2C_California%2C_USA.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Downtown_San_Jose8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 2
History
"Perhaps the strongest thread that runs through the Valley's past and present is the drive to "play" with novel
technology, which, when bolstered by an advanced engineering degree and channeled by astute management,
has done much to create the industrial powerhouse we see in the Valley today."[3]
Looking west over northern San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley
Since the early twentieth century, Silicon Valley has been home to an electronics industry. The industry began
through experimentation and innovation in the fields of radio, television, and military electronics. StanfordUniversity, its affiliates, and graduates have played a major role in the development of this area.
[4]
A powerful sense of regional solidarity accompanied the rise of Silicon Valley. From the 1890s, Stanford
University's leaders saw its mission as service to the West and shaped the school accordingly. At the same time, the
perceived exploitation of the West at the hands of eastern interests fueled booster-like attempts to build
self-sufficient indigenous local industry. Thus, regionalism helped align Stanford's interests with those of the area's
high-tech firms for the first fifty years of Silicon Valley's development.[5]
During the 1940s and 1950s, Frederick Terman, as Stanford's dean of engineering and provost, encouraged faculty
and graduates to start their own companies. He is credited with nurturing Hewlett-Packard, Varian Associates, and
other high-tech firms, until what would become Silicon Valley grew up around the Stanford campus. Terman is often
called "the father of Silicon Valley."
During 1955-85, solid state technology research and development at Stanford University followed three waves of
industrial innovation made possible by support from private corporations, mainly Bell Telephone Laboratories,
Shockley Semiconductor, Fairchild Semiconductor, and Xerox PARC. In 1969 the Stanford Research Institute
operated one of the four original nodes that comprised ARPANET, predecessor to the Internet.[6]
Social roots of information technology revolution
It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit, the microprocessor, the microcomputer, among
other key technologies, were developed, and has been the site of electronic innovation for over four decades,
sustained by about a quarter of a million information technology workers. Silicon Valley was formed as a milieu of
innovations by the convergence on one site of new technological knowledge; a large pool of skilled engineers and
scientists from major universities in the area; generous funding from an assured market with the Defense
Department; the development of an efficient network of venture capital firms; and, in the very early stage, the
institutional leadership of Stanford University.[7]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microprocessorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARPANEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SRI_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varian_Associateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Termanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAlumRockViewSiliconValley_w.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose%2C_California8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 3
Roots in radio and military technology
The San Francisco Bay Area had long been a major site of U.S. Navy research and technology. In 1909, Charles
Herrold started the first radio station in the United States with regularly scheduled programming in San Jose. Later
that year, Stanford University graduate Cyril Elwell purchased the U.S. patents for Poulsen arc radio transmission
technology and founded the Federal Telegraph Corporation (FTC) in Palo Alto. Over the next decade, the FTC
created the world's first global radio communication system, and signed a contract with the U.S. Navy in 1912.[3]
In 1933, Air Base Sunnyvale, California, was commissioned by the United States Government for use as a Naval Air
Station (NAS) to house the airship USS Macon in Hangar One. The station was renamed NAS Moffett Field, and
between 1933 and 1947, US Navy blimps were based here.[8]
A number of technology firms had set up shop in the
area around Moffett to serve the Navy. When the Navy gave up its airship ambitions and moved most of its West
Coast operations to San Diego, NACA (the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, forerunner of NASA)
took over portions of Moffett Field for aeronautics research. Many of the original companies stayed, while new ones
moved in. The immediate area was soon filled with aerospace firms such as Lockheed.
Stanford Industrial Park
After World War II, universities were experiencing enormous demand due to returning students. To address the
financial demands of Stanford's growth requirements, and to provide local employment opportunities for graduating
students, FrederickTerman proposed the leasing of Stanford's lands for use as an office park, named the Stanford
Industrial Park (later Stanford Research Park). Leases were limited to high technology companies. Its first tenant was
Varian Associates, founded by Stanford alumni in the 1930s to build military radar components. However, Terman
also found venture capital for civilian technology start-ups . One of the major success stories was Hewlett-Packard.
Founded in Packard's garage by Stanford graduates William Hewlett and David Packard, Hewlett-Packard moved its
offices into the Stanford Research Park slightly after 1953. In 1954, Stanford created the Honors Cooperative
Program to allow full-time employees of the companies to pursue graduate degrees from the University on a
part-time basis. The initial companies signed five-year agreements in which they would pay double the tuition for
each student in order to cover the costs. Hewlett-Packard has become the largest personal computer manufacturer in
the world, and transformed the home printing market when it released the first ink jet printer in 1984. In addition, the
tenancy of Eastman Kodak and General Electric made Stanford Industrial Park a center of technology in the
mid-1990s.[9]
Silicon transistor and birth of the Silicon Valley
In 1953, William Shockley left Bell Labs in a disagreement over the handling of the invention of the transistor. After
returning to California Institute of Technology for a short while, Shockley moved to Mountain View, California in
1956, and founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory. Unlike many other researchers who used germanium as the
semiconductor material, Shockley believed that silicon was the better material for making transistors. Shockleyintended to replace the current transistor with a new three-element design (today known as the Shockley diode), but
the design was considerably more difficult to build than the "simple" transistor. In 1957, Shockley decided to end
research on the silicon transistor. As a result, eight engineers left the company to form Fairchild Semiconductor.
Two of the original employees of Fairchild Semiconductor, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, would go on to found
Intel.[10]
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Silicon Valley 4
Law firms
The rise of Silicon Valley was also bolstered by the development of appropriate legal infrastructure to support the
rapid formation, funding, and expansion of high-tech companies, as well as the development of a critical mass of
litigators and judges experienced in resolving disputes between such firms. From the early 1980s onward, many
national (and later international) law firms opened offices in San Francisco and Palo Alto in order to provide Silicon
Valley startups with legal services. Furthermore, California law has a number of quirks which help entrepreneursestablish startups at the expense of established firms, such as a nearly absolute ban on non-compete clauses in
employment agreements.
Venture capital firms
By the early 1970s, there were many semiconductor companies in the area, computer firms using their devices, and
programming and service companies serving both. Industrial space was plentiful and housing was still inexpensive.
The growth was fueled by the emergence of the venture capital industry on Sand Hill Road, beginning with Kleiner
Perkins in 1972; the availability of venture capital exploded after the successful $1.3 billion IPO of Apple Computer
in December 1980.
The rise of software
Although semiconductors are still a major component of the area's economy, Silicon Valley has been most famous in
recent years for innovations in software and Internet services. Silicon Valley has significantly influenced computer
operating systems, software, and user interfaces.
Using money from NASA and the U.S. Air Force, Doug Engelbart invented the mouse and hypertext-based
collaboration tools in the mid-1960s, while at Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International). When Engelbart's
Augmentation Research Center declined in influence due to personal conflicts and the loss of government funding,
Xerox hired some of Engelbart's best researchers. In turn, in the 1970s and 1980s, Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center
(PARC) played a pivotal role in object-oriented programming, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), Ethernet, PostScript,and laser printers.
While Xerox marketed equipment using its technologies, for the most part its technologies flourished elsewhere. The
diaspora of Xerox inventions led directly to 3Com and Adobe Systems, and indirectly to Cisco, Apple Computer and
Microsoft. Apple's Macintosh GUI was largely a result of Steve Jobs' visit to PARC and the subsequent hiring of key
personnel.[11]
Cisco's impetus stemmed from the need to route a variety of protocols over Stanford's campus
Ethernet.
Internet bubble
Silicon Valley is generally considered to have been the center of the dot-com bubble which started from the
mid-1990s and collapsed after the NASDAQ stock market began to decline dramatically in April 2000. During the
bubble era, real estate prices reached unprecedented levels. For a brief time, Sand Hill Road was home to the most
expensive commercial real estate in the world, and the booming economy resulted in severe traffic congestion.
Even after the dot-com crash, Silicon Valley continues to maintain its status as one of the top research and
development centers in the world. A 2006 The Wall Street Journal story found that 13 of the 20 most inventive
towns in America were in California, and 10 of those were in Silicon Valley.[12]
San Jose led the list with 3,867
utility patents filed in 2005, and number two was Sunnyvale, at 1,881 utility patents.[13]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wall_Street_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Traffic_congestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sand_Hill_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stock_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASDAQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dot-com_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciscohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3Comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laser_printershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PostScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Object-orientedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palo_Alto_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeroxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Augmentation_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Research_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doug_Engelbarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IPOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleiner%2C_Perkins%2C_Caufield_%26_Byershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleiner%2C_Perkins%2C_Caufield_%26_Byershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sand_Hill_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venture_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non-compete_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_firm8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 5
Economy
According to a 2008 study by AeA in 2006, Silicon Valley was the third largest high-tech center (cybercity) in the
United States, behind the New York metropolitan area and Washington metropolitan area, with 225,300 high-tech
jobs. The Bay Area as a whole however, of which Silicon Valley is a part, would rank first with 387,000 high-tech
jobs. Silicon Valley has the highest concentration of high-tech workers of any metropolitan area, with 285.9 out of
every 1,000 private-sector workers. Silicon Valley has the highest average high-tech salary at $144,800.[14] Largely aresult of the high technology sector, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area has the
most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita.[15]
The region is the biggest high-tech manufacturing center in the United States.[16]
[17]
The unemployment rate of the
region was 9.4% in January 2009, up from 7.8% in the previous month.[18]
Notable companies
Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the
Fortune 1000:
Adobe Systems
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
Apple Inc.
Adobe Systems Advanced Micro Devices
Agilent Technologies
Apple Inc.
Applied Materials
Cisco Systems
eBay
Hewlett-Packard
Intel
Intuit Juniper Networks
KLA Tencor
LSI Logic
Marvell Semiconductors
Maxim Integrated Products
Morabito Corporation (M-Corporation)
National Semiconductor
NetApp
Nvidia
Oracle Corporation SanDisk
Sanmina-SCI
Symantec
Yahoo!
Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant
presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):
3Com (acquired by HP)
A10 Networks
Actel
Actuate Corporation
Adaptec
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Actuatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Actuatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Actelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A10_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3Comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yahoo%21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symantechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanmina-SCIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SanDiskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nvidiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NetApphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morabito_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Integrated_Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marvell_Semiconductorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LSI_Logichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KLA_Tencorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juniper_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intuit_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EBayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Applied_Materialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agilent_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Micro_Deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AApple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAmdheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Micro_Deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAdobe_HQ.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortune_1000http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-techhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeA8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 6
Cisco Systems
eBay
Aeria Games and Entertainment
Altera
Amazon.com's A9.com
Amazon.com's Lab126.com
Amdahl
Ampex
Antibody Solutions
Aricent
Asus
Atari
Atmel
Broadcom
Brocade Communications Systems
BEA Systems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
Business Objects (acquired by SAP)
Cypress Semiconductor Electronic Arts
EMC Corporation (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)
E*TRADE (headquartered in New York, NY)
Fairchild Semiconductor
Force10
Foundry Networks
Fujitsu (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
Hitachi Data Systems
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies IBM Almaden Research Center (headquartered in Armonk, New
York)
IDEO
Intuitive Surgical
Logitech
LynuxWorks
Maxtor (acquired by Seagate)
McAfee (acquired by Intel)
Memorex (acquired by Imation and moved to Cerritos, California)
Micron Technology (headquartered in Boise, Idaho)
Microsoft (headquartered in Redmond, Washington)
Mozilla Foundation
Nokia (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
Netflix
Netscape (acquired by AOL)
NeXT Computer, Inc. (acquired by Apple)
Ning
NXP Semiconductors
Olivetti (headquartered in Ivrea, Italy)
Opera Software (headquartered in Oslo, Norway)
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oslohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opera_Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivettihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NXP_Semiconductorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ning_%28website%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NeXThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AOLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netscape_Communications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netflixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espoo%2C_Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nokiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozilla_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redmond%2C_Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boise%2C_Idahohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micron_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerritos%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memorexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McAfeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seagate_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxtorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LynuxWorkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logitechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LinkedInhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intuitive_Surgicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IDEOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IBM_Almaden_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitachi_Global_Storage_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitachi_Data_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujitsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foundry_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fairchild_Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E%2ATRADEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EMC_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cypress_Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAP_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business_Objects_%28company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BEA_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brocade_Communications_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broadcomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atmelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atari%2C_Inchttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aricenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antibody_Solutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ampexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amdahl_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lab126http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A9.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aeria_Games_and_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AGoogleplexsouthside.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A1601californiaavelobby.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AEbayheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EBayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ACiscosystemsheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Systems8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 7
Hewlett-Packard
Intel
Intuit
Nvidia
OPPO
Palm, Inc. (acquired by HP)
PalmSource, Inc. (acquired by ACCESS)
PayPal (now part of eBay)
Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
PlayPhone Qualcomm, Inc.
Rambus
Riverbed Technology
ROBLOX
RSA (acquired by EMC)
Redback Networks (acquired by Ericsson)
SAP AG (headquartered in Walldorf, Germany)
Siemens (headquartered in Berlin and Munich, Germany)
Silicon Graphics
Silicon Image Solectron (acquired by Flextronics)
Sony
Sony Ericsson
SRI International
Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
SunPower
Tibco Software
Tesla Motors
TheWallvideo Productions
TWiT Tellme Networks (acquired by Microsoft)
TiVo
VA Software (Slashdot)
WebEx (acquired by Cisco Systems)
Western Digital
VeriSign
Veritas Software (acquired by Symantec)
VMware
Vocera
Xilinx
YouTube (acquired by Google)
Zoran Corporation
Zynga
Silicon Valley is also home to the high-tech superstore retail chain
Fry's Electronics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fry%27s_Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superstorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zyngahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoran_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xilinxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vocerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VMwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symantechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veritas_Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VeriSignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebExhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slashdothttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VA_Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TiVohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tellme_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TWiThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TheWallvideo_Productionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibco_Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SunPowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SRI_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sony_Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flextronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solectronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siemenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walldorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAP_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redback_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EMC_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RSA_Securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robloxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riverbed_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qualcomm%2C_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PlayPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Lumileds_Lighting_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EBayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PayPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Access_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PalmSource%2C_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm%2C_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OPPOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANvidiaheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nvidiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AIntuitheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AIntelheadquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHewlett_Packard_HQ_entrance.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewlett-Packard8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 8
Oracle
Sun Microsystems
VMware
Yahoo!
Notable government facilities
Moffett Federal Airfield
NASA Ames Research Center
Onizuka Air Force Station
Universities and colleges
San Jos State University
San Francisco State University
Stanford University
Santa Clara University
John F. Kennedy University Campbell Campus
University of California, Berkeley Extension
University of California, Santa Cruz Extension
Hult International Business School Carnegie Mellon University (Silicon Valley campus)
Golden Gate University Silicon Valley Campus
Silicon Valley University
University of Phoenix San Jose Campus
University of San Francisco South Bay Campus
Lincoln Law School of San Jose
University of Silicon Valley Law School
San Jose City College
Menlo College
Evergreen Valley College
Foothill College
De Anza College
Mission College
West Valley College
National Hispanic University
Ohlone College
Cogswell Polytechnical College
The Art Institute of CaliforniaSunnyvale
Cities
A number of cities are located in Silicon Valley (in alphabetical order):
Campbell
Cupertino
Los Altos
Los Altos Hills
Los Gatos
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Gatos%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Altos_Hills%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Altos%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cupertino%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campbell%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Art_Institute_of_California_%E2%80%93_Sunnyvalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cogswell_Polytechnical_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohlone_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Hispanic_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Valley_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mission_College_%28Santa_Clara%2C_California%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Anza_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foothill_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evergreen_Valley_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menlo_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_City_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Silicon_Valley_Law_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Law_School_of_San_Josehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_San_Franciscohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Phoenixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Valley_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Gate_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Mellon_Silicon_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hult_International_Business_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_California%2C_Santa_Cruzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_California%2C_Berkeleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_F._Kennedy_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_State_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_State_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onizuka_Air_Force_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASA_Ames_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moffett_Federal_Airfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AYahoo_Headquarters.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yahoo%21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AVMware_HQ_campus_3401_Hillview_entrance.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VMwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ASun_Agnews_Campus_Bldgs_21_22.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AOracle_Corporation_HQ.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 9
YouTube
Milpitas
Monte Sereno
Mountain View
Morgan Hill
Palo Alto
San Jose
Santa Clara
Saratoga
Sunnyvale
Cities sometimes associated with the region:
East Palo Alto (San Mateo County)
Foster City
Fremont (Alameda County)
Menlo Park (San Mateo County, location of some venture capital companies)
Newark (Alameda County) Redwood City (San Mateo County, home to Oracle, Electronic Arts and PDI/DreamWorks)
San Mateo, California (San Mateo County; YouTube was founded here; home to SolarCity, NetSuite among
others)
Scotts Valley (Santa Cruz County, home to Seagate Technology among others)
References
[1] (http://www.siliconvalley.com/sv150/ci_14902728?nclick_check=1) from SiliconValley.com
[2] (https://www.pwcmoneytree.com/MTPublic/ns/moneytree/filesource/exhibits/Q1 2010 MoneyTree Report.pdf) from
PriceWaterhouseCoopers.com
[3] Timothy J. Sturgeon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Timothy J. Sturgeon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology SV Globalization
(http://ipc-lis. mit.edu/globalization/Silicon Valley.pdf)PDF (90.0 KiB)
[4] Markoff, John (2009-04-17). "Searching for Silicon Valley" (http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.
html?pagewanted=1).New York Times (The New York Times Company). . Retrieved 2009-04-17.
[5] Stephen B. Adams, "Regionalism in Stanford's Contribution to the Rise of Silicon Valley,"Enterprise & Society 2003 4(3): 521-543
[6] Christophe Lcuyer, "What Do Universities Really Owe Industry? The Case of Solid State Electronics at Stanford,"Minerva: a Review of
Science, Learning & Policy 2005 43(1): 51-71
[7] The Information Technology Revolution by Marvel Castells (On the history of formation of Silicon Valley by Rogers and Larsen 1984 and
Malone 1985)
[8] moffettfieldmuseum (http://www.moffettfieldmuseum.org/history.html)
[9] 1984 printer (http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1984.htm)
[10] Goodheart (http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/02/weekinreview/02goodheart.html) July 2, 2006
[11] Graphical User Interface (GUI) (http://apple-history.com/gui.html) from apple-history.com
[12] Reed Albergotti, "The Most Inventive Towns in America," (http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115352188346314087.html) Wall Street
Journal, 2223 July 2006, P1.
[13] Ibid.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115352188346314087.htmlhttp://apple-history.com/gui.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/02/weekinreview/02goodheart.htmlhttp://www.thocp.net/timeline/1984.htmhttp://www.moffettfieldmuseum.org/history.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Timeshttp://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kibibytehttp://ipc-lis.mit.edu/globalization/Silicon%20Valley.pdfhttps://www.pwcmoneytree.com/MTPublic/ns/moneytree/filesource/exhibits/Q1%202010%20MoneyTree%20Report.pdfhttp://www.siliconvalley.com/sv150/ci_14902728?nclick_check=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotts_Valley%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Mateo%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redwood_City%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newark%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menlo_Park%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foster_City%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Palo_Alto%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunnyvale%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saratoga%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palo_Alto%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morgan_Hill%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mountain_View%2C_Santa_Clara_County%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monte_Sereno%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milpitas%2C_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A901cherryave.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 10
[14] Cybercities 2008: An Overview of the High-Technology Industry in the Nation's Top 60 Cities (http://www.aeanet.org/publications/
idjj_cc2008_overview.asp)
[15] http://www.forbes.com/2007/11/30/greediest-cities-billionaires-forbeslife-cx_ee_1203greed.html
[16] http://www.pcmag. com/article2/0,2817,2321510,00.asp
[17] Silicon Valley and N.Y. still top tech rankings (http://www. marketwatch.com/news/story/story.
aspx?guid={DB88FD73-1B6F-4CDB-8CC4-2B311773289F})
[18] Silicon Valley unemployment rate jumps to 9.4 percent (http://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_11849190)
Further reading
Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 19301970 by Christophe Lcuyer, MIT Press
(2006)
Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy, Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday
(1984)
A History of Silicon Valley: The Greatest Creation of Wealth in the History of the Planetby Arun Rao and Piero
Scaruffi, Omniware Press (2010), ISBN 097655318X
Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era, Dennis Hayes, London: Free Association
Books (1989) Silicon Valley, Inc.: Ruminations on the Demise of a Unique Culture (http://www.thomasscoville.com/merc2.
html), The San Jose Mercury News (1997)
Cultures@Silicon Valley (http://www.sup.org/book. cgi?isbn=0804744297), J. A. English-Lueck, Stanford:
Stanford University Press (2002)
The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-Tech Global Economy,
David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park, New York University Press (2003)
What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry, John Markoff,
Viking (2005)
Silicon Follies: A Dot. Comedy, Thomas Scoville, Pocket Books (2000)
The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams, David A. Kaplan, Harper Perinneal (April 2000), ISBN0-688-17906-1
Cities of knowledge: Cold War science and the search for the next Silicon Valley (http://pup.princeton.edu/
titles/7859. html), Margaret Pugh OMara, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (2005)
Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't
get a date, Robert X. Cringely, Addison-Wesley Publishing, (1992), ISBN 0-201-57032-7
Silicon Valley: 110 Year Renaissance, John McLaughlin, Leigh Weimers, Ward Winslow, Santa Clara Valley
Historical Association (2008), ISBN 096492174X
Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computerby Paul Freiberger & Michael Swaine, McGraw-Hill
(1984)
Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 by AnnaLee Saxenian, HarvardUniversity Press (1996), ISBN 0674753402
Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's
Silicon Fen by Rob Koepp, John Wiley (2002), ISBN 0471496049
The Nudist on the Late Shift: And Other True Tales of Silicon Valley by Po Bronson, Random House (1999),
ISBN 0375502777
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_X._Cringelyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accidental_Empireshttp://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7859.htmlhttp://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7859.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Scovillehttp://www.sup.org/book.cgi?isbn=0804744297http://www.thomasscoville.com/merc2.htmlhttp://www.thomasscoville.com/merc2.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_Association_Bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_Association_Bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steven_Levyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolutionhttp://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_11849190http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid=%7BDB88FD73%2D1B6F%2D4CDB%2D8CC4%2D2B311773289F%7Dhttp://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid=%7BDB88FD73%2D1B6F%2D4CDB%2D8CC4%2D2B311773289F%7Dhttp://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2321510,00.asphttp://www.forbes.com/2007/11/30/greediest-cities-billionaires-forbeslife-cx_ee_1203greed.htmlhttp://www.aeanet.org/publications/idjj_cc2008_overview.asphttp://www.aeanet.org/publications/idjj_cc2008_overview.asp8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Silicon Valley 11
External links
California's Historic Silicon Valley (http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/intro. htm)
Growth of a Silicon Empire (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/12/
27/BU52171. DTL) by Henry Norr published at the end of 1999 in the San Francisco Chronicle
How Silicon Valley Came to Be (http://ipc-lis.mit.edu/globalization/Silicon Valley.pdf)PDF (90.0 KiB)
Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond (http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24. html) from Stanford University
The Silicon Valley Cultures Project (http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/anthropology/svcp/) from San Jose State
University
Silicon Valley Historical Association (http://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/home)
A Weekend in Silicon Valley (http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/27/travel/20100905SILICON.
html) - slideshow by The New York Times
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/27/travel/20100905SILICON.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/27/travel/20100905SILICON.htmlhttp://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_State_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_State_Universityhttp://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/anthropology/svcp/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Universityhttp://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24.htmlhttp://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kibibytehttp://ipc-lis.mit.edu/globalization/Silicon%20Valley.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Chroniclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Norrhttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/12/27/BU52171.DTLhttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/12/27/BU52171.DTLhttp://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/intro.htm8/3/2019 Silicon Velly
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Article Sources and Contributors 12
Article Sources and ContributorsSilicon Valley Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=454348294 Contributors: 08OceanBeach SD, 130.236.221.xxx, 2ndAccount, 4meter4, A3RO, AbbaIkea2010, Abhijitkumar,
Acalamari, AdjustShift, Ahaislip, Ahess247, Alerante, Alex Spade, AlistairMcMillan, Amelio Vzquez, Amerique, Amillar, Anamelech, Andre Engels, Andrewjlockley, Angusmclellan,
Ansem27, Antandrus, Anvari, Apoltix, Archivist, AreJay, Arthur2045, Ath26, Atreyu42, Auntof6, BRUTE, BadCRC, Bcrowell, Beland, BenjaminTsai, Benq-simens, Bentendo24,
BestTeacherEver, Bevo, Bgold, Bibliophylax, Bilbobee, Billingsley229, Bluerasberry, Bobblewik, Bobbyi, Booshakla, Briangogan, Brianhe, BrokenSegue, Buddha24, CS U Spartan, Cahk,
Calbaer, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CarolGray, Ccsiliconvalley, Chairboy, C hconline, Chinju, Chmod007, Chongruk, ChrisRuvolo, Chrislk02, Chrisn4255, Cianpeco, Ciphers,
ClaudeMuncey, Codysmith5, ComputerHistoryDocent, Computerhistory, Conversion script, Coolcaesar, Coolhawks88, Coolian, Cprogarmer, Cpudude91, Credema, [email protected], Css, Ctbolt,
Cullen328, Cybercobra, CylonCAG, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DandyDan2007, DaveOinSF, David Jordan, Davodd, Dbruggeman, Delirium, Desvergo1, Dhwanit, Dmp348, Dokteriq, Donfbreed,Donreed, Donteatyellowsnow, Dougmann, Dr. Blofeld, Drumguy8800, Drunkenmonkey, Dryguy, Dsmorse, Dyl, E0steven, Easysearch, Ehn, El C, Eleven even, Elf, Elias909, Eman007,
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Jkstark, Jlin, Joelwest, Johnfos, Johnlogic, Jonathanleblang, Joncnunn, Jonemerson, Jose Alvarado 2, Joseph Solis in Australia, Joseph11h, Jovianeye, Jpbowen, Jrockley, JustAGal, Justus87,
Jxm, K6rfm, KaRaKteR, Kaaveh Ahangar, Kangaroopower, Karaboudjan, Karebear 1022, KarlHallowell, Kateshortforbob, Kchampcal, Kenrg, Kesla, KevinOKeeffe, Khepidjemwa'atnefru,
Killiondude, Klparrot, Kmccoy, Kocabas, Kpjas, Kt1023, KyleAndMelissa22, Lee Carr e, Lee Daniel Crocker, Leventsapci, Li-sung, Liftarn, Linefeed, Londonfifo, LonelyMarble, Lowellian,
Lradrama, Lynchkenney, M. E. Smith, M.vildova, M2K 2, MER-C, MKLAV, Mac, Magasin, Makeemlighter, Makemi, Malcolmkettering, Malcolmxl5, Marcelo1229, Marek69, Master of
Puppets, MauriceKA, Maury Markowitz, Mayukh iitbombay 2008, Mayyada, Mcb1, MementoVivere, MercedesBenzSLR, Michaelvoz00, Midgrid, Mikel.Duffy, Milnivlek, Minesweeper,
Mipadi, Miterdale, Mmeijeri, Moncrief, Moneymadekid, Mono, Monterey Bay, Mr Stephen, MrOllie, Mugunth Kumar, Muhandes, Mwanner, Myersj, Mysekurity, Naddy, Naimishoza, Nanobear,
Nathan15137, Nehrams2020, Neilc, NekoDaemon, NeoChaosX, Neutrality, Nhgaudreau, Ninja247, Ninjawarrioruk, Niteowlneils, Norcalal, NoyBirger, OOODDD, Old Guard, Olivier, Olly150,
Oo64eva, Optakeover, Orangeonyx, OreL.D, OrgasGirl, Osiema, P0lyglut, PBP, PSPatel, Para, Parasolka555, Patriarca12, Paulburnett, Payitforward22, Phantomsteve, Pigsonthewing, PizzaBox,
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Saturn star, Scottfisher, Scvha, S dfisher, Shaianisreal, ShakingSpirit, Shark80, Shoessss, Silicon Valley Superstar, Silvalleycorrect, SimDarthMaul, [email protected], SiobhanHansa, Sixium,
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