silicon retina usin VLSI technology

8/7/2019 silicon retina usin VLSI technology

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----E.Prabhakar (10H62D5720)

M.Tech -VLSI System Design


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INTRODUCTION:

In this era of transplants and implants, a new annotation that

is in research process happens to be the silicon implants.

If this silicon is used for the sake of blindnessis there

anything more to say!!! This is real, and is happening,

because of a miracle, in the field of electronics called

Artificial silicon retina (ASR).


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What is Silicon Retina?

The artificial silicon retina (ASR) chip contains

approximately 5,000 microscopic solar cells that convert

light into electrical impulses. The purpose of the chip is toreplace damaged photoreceptors, the "light-sensing" cells of

the eye, which normally convert light into electrical signals

within the retina. The chip could be embedded directly intothe eye and connected to the nerves that carry signals to the

brain's visual cortex.


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H ow Our Retina Works:


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helps to perform the function of vision:

Rods are able to function in low light (they can detect a

single photon) and can create black and white images

without much light.

Cones give us the ability to see color and detail of objects.

The information received by the rods and cones are then

transmitted to the nearly 1 million ganglion cells in the

retina. These ganglion cells interpret the messages from the

rods and cones and send the information on to the brain by

way of the optic nerve.


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Imp lantation :

Age old technique of i mp lantation : The patient would wear

goggles mounted with a small video camera, which then sends

the image to a wireless wallet-sized computer for prossesing.

The computer trasmitts this information to an infrared LED

screen on the goggles.


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The new surgical procedure:

The modern microsurgical procedure replaces the need

for goggles, camera and external computer altogether.


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H ow Artificial Vision Will Work?The ASR is powered solely by incident light and does not

require the use of external wires or batteries. When surgically

implanted under the retina, in a location known as the subretinal space, the ASR is designed to produce visual signals

similar to those produced by the photoreceptor layer.


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The silicon chip & its fabrication:In general, the following fabrication steps are used to fabricate

the biochip

Substrate preparation

wet etching

drillingbonding

packaging

Adhesive removal.


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Substrate Pre p aration:

Th e bioc h ips were fabricated using commercially

available 50 x 45 x 0.17 mm3 (LxWxH) microscopic

glass cover slips.


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Wet etching:


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Access Ports:


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UV- Cured Adhesive Bonding


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B iochip Packaging:C ommercially available connectors were used to

package the biochip.

Adhesive Removal:


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O ther applications of silicon retina:

Walking robots

Sm art sensors

Tracking the objects


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CONCLUSION :

C ontinuing advances in several key fields such as micro-electronics, semiconductors and cybernetics have opened the

door for tremendous growth in artificial vision research. In

fact, there are already devices being tested in human trials

that can provide rudimentary "vision" for individuals who are

completely blind. The research and development in this field

provides a welcome glimmer of hope for blind and low-vision

individuals around the world. What would be the better contribution, than to m ake

blind to see, for silicon retina using VL SI

technology????????


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silicon retina usin VLSI technology