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Silicon Based Performance Additives For Materials Formulation
Silicon Containing Polymers and Composites 2014
San Diego CA December 14-17
Presented by
Joseph Schwab
What is a Nanostructured® Chemical?
A Simple Definition – Defined Molecule – Polyhedral Geometries – Nanoscopic Size – Systematic Chemistries
POSS® is a Unique Family of Chemicals
HYBRID PROPERTIES
• Cage modulus 11.7 GPa • Refractive Index range 1.41-1.61
• Density range 0.97-1.65 g/mL
• Low Surface Energy 17.77 mJ/m2
• Dielectric value 2.4 - 2.6
• Surface area 3600 m2/g
• Glassifiable to SiO2
• Meltable and sublimable
• Solvent, monomer, polymer soluble
POSS® Systematic Chemistry
• Control over: – cage size – size distribution – topology – functionality (number & type) – stereochemistry
Polydisperse Cages (T8, T10, T12)
exo-exo endo-endo
Polymer and Coatings Chemistry Begins
Silanes Polysilsesquioxanes Silica Primary Feedstocks
Molecular Silicas
POSS™ Silanols
POSS™ Monomers
POSS Nanoreinforced Plastics
Materials Science
and Applications
a b c
d
e
f
g
Dispersion and Flow Aids
Surface Modification Nanostructured
Feedstocks
h
i
POSS® Manufacturing Process
Operations and Capabilities 15-Acre Production Site Providing Infrastructure
• POSS® manufactured on commercial scale
• Capacity expansion underway
• Capacity to meet today and tomorrow’s demand
• On-site customer adoption & support service
• Commercially adopted & strong customer pipeline - 1650 Customer Patents & 4500 Science Articles
• Website hits now exceeding 141,000/month from more than 50 countries
POSS® Safety and Manufacturing Process Safety
• Nontoxic • Does not require R22 risk
phrase “harmful if swallowed.
• 510kd in US for several medical products
Manufacturing • Multi-ton quantities • DoD Manufacturing Readiness
Level 9 (of 10) • ISO 9001 Compliant • LVE/PMN EPA Registered • TSCA Listed
Dispersion
• Wide range of fillers: titanium carbide, boron nitride, yttria, silica, titanium dioxide,
calcium carbonate, mica, clay, wollastonite, iron oxides, titanium diboride, bismuth subcarbonate, metal particles etc…
Irganox 1010 Aluminium pan
Irganox 1010 Copper pan
+ 0.2% MS0805
+ 0.2% SO1450
+ 0.2% SO1455
POSS® As Passivating Agent on Copper
POSS® Shield Field Testing
POSS® Silanols Control Solder Morphology
Viscosity and Filler Loading
• Better dispersion • Higher loading • Better color
Decrease viscosity yet add MORE filler
Surface Area and Volume Control in White Paint
!Results are an opaque white at the thickness of an ink = $avings
Surface Area & Volume control: decreased viscosity + more pigment =
50% thinner coating
Dispersion & Flow via POSS® Alone POSS® Dispersants work on all kinds of
fillers
Chen, G-X.; Shimizu, H. Polymer 2008, 49, 943-951.
a) MWNT in CHCl3, 30 days. b) POSS-MWNT in CHCl3, 30 days.
Com
plex
Vis
cosi
ty (P
a.S
)
Frequency (Hz)
POSS® on C-fiber and Derakane 8084 vinylester
H. Mahfuz, F. Powell, R. Granata, M. Hosur and M. R. Khan, Materials, 2011, Vol. 4, 1619-1631; doi: 10.3390/ma4091619.
Surface area and volume control
provides: • Increased surface roughness • Increased surface area • Increased ILSS
PEEK filled with POSS® TiO2
TiO2 in PEEK no dispersant
TiO2 in PEEK POSS® Dispersant
POSS® Based Lubricants
Photochromic eyeglasses
Large area UV printing of white base coats. Metal and glass decoration. Large parts
POSS Paints & Inks Consumer Products
POSS® Flow Aids
A Family of POSS® Flow Aids
MS0825 for polyolefins, polyamides and rubber
SO1450 and SO1455 for polyolefins, polyamides and rubber with fillers
SO1458 for thermoset/thermoplastic aromatic polymers with or w/o fillers
MS0802 for aromatic, and fluorinated thermoplastics
AM0275 for PPS/PPO
MA0735 and MA0736 for rubber.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800Temperature (°C)
Wei
ght (
%)
Stearic Acid
POSS Dispersant 2
POSS Dispersant 1Stearic Acid POSS® Dispersant 1
POSS® Dispersant 2
POSS® Dispersant Stability
How POSS® Flow Aids Work
• Molecular dispersion • Non-covalent association • Increase in free-volume • No loss of mechanical properties
Neat SRP
SRP with 3% POSS Flow
T = 350 ˚C 5% POSS in COC
170%196%
348%
183%
83% 75% 59%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
AM0265 AM0270 AM0275 MS0805 MS0825 OL1118 SO1450
MFI
Incr
ease
POSS Type
5% POSS in PPO/PPE
Ikeda, M.; Saito, H. Reac. & Func. Poly. 2007, 67 1148–1156
Dispersion & Flow via POSS® Alone
US 6,759,460 & US 7,122,591 Asahi Chemical
PPS POSS® Flow
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Dyn
amic
Vis
cosi
ty (P
a S)
Shear Rate (1/s)
Flow Modification of PPS
Neat PPS 5939191 wt% POSS3.0 wt% POSS5 wt% POSS2.5 wt% POSS
PPS POSS® Flow Base Resin Impact Strength (in-lbf/in) Std. Dev.
Neat PEEK 6.53 1.09
PEEK + 0.5% POSS 9.11 1.74
PEEK + 1% POSS 6.36 0.62
PEEK + 3% POSS 6.66 0.79
PPS POSS® Flow
PPS POSS® Flow
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
tan
d
E' (P
a)
Temperature (ºC)
Effect of POSS on Thermomechanical Properties of PPS
Neat (E')
1% POSS (E')
3% POSS (E')
Neat (tan d)
1% POSS (tan d)
3% POSS (tan d)
PPS POSS® Flow
POSS® ImiClear/Corin®
Traditional Polyimide
Transparent Colorless Polyimide Coatings Colorless, Transparent,
Highly Adhesive • 2-25 micron thick 60” wide rolls • low tear propagation strengths. • Sprayable form available • Fully-imidized
POSS® Imiclear/CORIN®
POSS® Biomedical Bypass Graft Stent Heart Valve Nose
Ear Tear Duct Trachea Dental
•POSS® Poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) copolymers were prepared and tested both in vitro and in vivo. •In vitro studies show that POSS®-PCU is not only non-toxic to cells, but that it also supports the adhesion and growth of cells including endothelial cells.
36 months
Tissue and Blood Compatible POSS® Copolymers
Results from three year large animal model implantation studies confirmed in vitro results that the POSS®-PCU is non-toxic and biocompatible, and that it does not cause inflammation, does not degrade and does not cause tissue capsule formation.
Human Implantation Results
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/238213.php
July 2011 1st Synthetic Trachea Transplant. Currently Beyene is living in Reykjavík, Iceland, where he is a geology student studying for his PhD. Beyene's wife and two children live in Eritrea. The transplant operation has meant Mr. Beyene is able to enjoy his newborn son (now seven months old), There are no worries regarding rejection as the scaffold is populated using the patient's own cells and no immunosuppressive drugs are required. The implant was tailored to the patient's body size and shape as it is artificially constructed. Other transplants require human donors which can involve long waiting periods. This method requires no human donor .Constucts can be made-to-fit for individuals of all sizes, including for children.
POSS® PCU Bypass: UCL-Nano™
A. M. Seifalian et al., University College of London, England (2006), http://bibamed.agcl.com/cx_2006/Sat1140Hamilton.pdf
A. M. Seifalian et al., University College of London, England, (2007-2010)
Human Implantation Results
Summary POSS surface area control:
• POSS® is a Nanostructured® Chemical that controls surface area and volume in man-made and biological materials.
• Silanol functionality and oganic groups key to interactions with filler and matrix. • Critical to dispersion, grain and morphology control and biological interaction. • Flow and Dispersion can be impacted by volume and surface area tailoring of:
polymers, fillers, colors, and key ingredient molecules.
Controls volume and porosity: • Critical to viscosity of high solids, suspension stability, electronic & optical properties. • Enhancements and transport-intercellular processes. • Permeation, biological function can be favorably tailored by surface area and volume
control.
Bridges composition gaps: • Between inorganic and organic materials. • Inter-phase transition between inorganic and organic materials.
Joseph D. Lichtenhan Gregory J. Brust
Lawrence LaBeaud
Thank you for listening!