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Sika Solutions for Structural Strengthening

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Strengthening

If the existing steel reinforcement is reduced in capacity due to:

Corrosion Traffic loads increase

(e.g. permissible axle weights),

Improvement of structural design

or seismic resistance

Then reinforced concrete structures have to be strengthened!

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Requirements High tensile resistance or high modulus of elasticity to reinforce and upgrade the

structurally deficient beams, slabs, columns, etc.

Easy to install and corrosion resistant materials for exposed environments.

Fast application to reduce traffic closure or down time of business.

Strengthening

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Strengthening in the Past

• With bonded steel plates in

the middle of 1960’s

• First trials with CFRP with the

Swiss Federal Institute of

Materials (EMPA) took place

in the 1980’s

Sika has been involved in structural strengthening since the development of the

technology in the 1960’s using bonded steel plates.

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... “unlimited” plate lengths

...

Strengthening Today with FRP

Since1991 Sika has been a pioneer with the development of carbon fibre reinforced

polymers based structural strengthening systems.

Sika provides a full range of fully tested and approved strengthening systems

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Structural Strengthening

Sika range – the Brands: Sika CarboDur plates, SikaWrap fabrics,

CarboStressprestressing, CarboShear L Shear strengthening,

Sikadur 2K-epoxy

Sika CarboDur plates SikaWrap fabrics

Sika CarboDur: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

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Ø = 5-7 m

Fibre volume content > 70%

Sika Carbodur CFRP Plates

1.2 Mio. parallel fibers in a CarboDur S512 plate

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Sika® CarboDur®

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CarboDur Plate Properties

High tensile strength “or” stiffness

Non-corroding

High fatigue resistance

Low weight

any length available (no joints)

Temperature extension ~ 0

No yielding like steel

small variation of the mechanical properties

extreme tension properties, but only in the

longitudinal direction

Very easy to handle

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Mechanical Properties

Sika®

CarboDur® S

Sika®

CarboDur® M

Sika®

CarboDur® H

Elastic modulus(longitudinal)

[N/mm2]

165'000 210'000 300'000

Tensile strength,guaranteed

[N/mm2]

> 2'800 > 2'400 > 1'300

Strain, guaranteed[%]

> 1.7 > 1.2 > 0.45

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Stress-Strain Sika® CarboDur® S, M, H

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Sika® CarboDur

® vs Steel Plates

No limits in length

Easy for application

Low weight plates

Easy for crossing

Thin plates (1.2 - 1.4 mm)

High material cost-very low

application cost

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Sika® CarboDur

® vs Steel Plates

No corrosion with Sika® CarboDur

® plates

High fabrication cost in factory

High application cost for steel

plates - anchorage / propping

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Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening

Structural strengthening systems for the flexural strengthening of bridge decks,

consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and:

The carbon fibre reinforced

polymer based, pultruded plate

system Sika CarboDur

The post-tensioning system for

structural strengthening Sika

CarboStress

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Strengthening systems for the shear strengthening of beams and columns,

consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and:

Prefabricated L-shape plates – Sika

CarboShear L for application on beams

Uni- or bi-directional SikaWrap fabric

strengthening systems based on carbon

fibre for application on beams and columns

Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening

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Sika® CarboShear L®-shaped plates

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Sika® CarboShear L®-shaped plates System Components

Sika® CarboShear L

®

Width: 40 mm

Thickness: 1.4 mm

Leg length: 200 x 500 mm

300 x 700 mm

500 x 1’000 mm

Sikadur®-30

Structural Epoxy Adhesive

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Structures

P

Shear

Strengthening

Sika Solutions for Shear Strengthening

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SikaWrap® Composite Fabrics

CFRP

GFRP

Wet lay-up

Dry lay-up

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... on GFRP bridge

girder ...

... on cast iron beams ...

(TWI / Swissfiber)

Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening

Strengthening systems for the axial strengthening of columns, consisting of Sikadur

epoxy adhesives and:

Uni- or bi-directional

SikaWrap fabrics, based

on glass or carbon fibres

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Structures

Additional loads

Earthquake

Ductility

Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening

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Structural Strengthening

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ap.ppt

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ap.ppt

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Sika CarboDur®

Near Surface Mounted

Strengthening System

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Comparison of CarboDur® and CarboDur® NSM

Near Surface Mounted

Reinforcement

External Reinforcement

New system

Narrow plates or rods

No surface preparation

Suitable for concrete, masonry and

timber structures

Well-known system

Wide plates

Surface preparation necessary

Suitable for concrete, steel,

masonry, timber and GFRP

structures

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Historic Masonry Tower, Vercilli Castle, Italy

• Vertical cracks in masonry tower

• Slots in masonry bed joints

• Sika AnchorFix 3+ Adhesive

• CarboDur BC 5 (5mm diameter)

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Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcement

Cut groove in concrete cover of internal reinforcement

Fill with adhesive

Place CFRP plate

concrete cover

3. Place CFRP plate

internal steel

reinforcement

1. cut groove

2. Fill with adhesive

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Installation of NSM plates in concrete slab

Cut Slots

Fill with Sikadur-330

adhesive

Place CarboDur

plates

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Parking Garage, Soazza, Switzerland

Insufficient top reinforcement

• Anchoring in cracked concrete

slab possible

• Reduced surface preparation

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Cattagunya Dam, Australia

Cracks in concrete dam

11 000 m CarboDur BC8

(8mm rods)

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Profiles and Adhesives for NSM reinforcement

E-Modulus [GPa] 165

Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100

Rectangular profiles

Type S width

mm

t

mm

A

mm2

S1.030 10 3.0 30

S1.525 15 2.5 37.5

S2.025 20 2.5 50

Type

BC

diameter

mm

A

mm2

BC 6 6 28

BC 8 8 50

BC 10 10 79

BC 12 12 113

Circular profiles (rods)

Adhesives: Sikadur-330 (universal)

Sikadur-300 (horizontal)

Sikadur-30 (large rods)

AnchorFix-3+ (small jobs)

E-Modulus [GPa] 140

Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100

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Advantages of NSM plates

Confined from 3 sides, no surface debonding

Short end anchorage length

End anchorage in cracked concrete possible

Full design tensile force can be end anchored

(like internal steel reinforcement)

Nearly invisible after application

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Advantages of NSM plates

Not depending on concrete surface tensile strength

Reduced surface preparation on uneven substrate

(old concrete, masonry)

No corrosion protection required

Not exposed to mechanical damage

No buckling – suitable for compression zone and compressed members

earthquake loaded frames with change of direction of flexure

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Typical Applications of NSM reinforcement

Concrete slabs over columns, cantilevers (balcony)

Short anchorage length, bond critical for externally bonded plates

Seismic resistant RC frames

Resistant to compressive force if confined by SikaWrap, positive-negative

moments change

Masonry

Weak substrate

Reduced surface preparation

Invisible

Timber beams

Invisible strengthening

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Sika® CarboDur® Heating Device

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Reasons for use

Fast Curing of Structural Adhesive

Application at low Temperatures

For Elevated Service Temperatures (Increase glass trans)

Application Even Under Dynamic Loading

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Load-Deflection Diagram

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Using the Sika® CarboDur® Heating Device

Curing of Sikadur® epoxy adhesives is achieved

in 2 - 4 hours

There is no reduction of the load-bearing capacity of

structures exposed to dynamic load during the curing

time of Sikadur® epoxy adhesives and those without

dynamic load

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Thank you

Technologically Advanced

Solutions