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SIGRE contribution for the Portuguese
environmental, economical and social development
Paulo Ribeiro
([email protected]) With the collaboration of:
Paulo Ferrão
Ana Lopes
João Rodrigues
Alexandra Marques
Tiago Domingos
Miguel Amaral
Miguel Preto
1
Project commissioned by:
1. Project Scope and Objectives
2. Environmental Assessment
3. Economic Assessment
4. Social Assessment
5. Final Remarks
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
2
Project Scope and Objectives ScO
3
Framework: “Green Economy” and “Sustainability”
Ecosystem [natural capital] goal: ensure ecosystem resilience
Economy [produced capital]
goal: improve resource
efficiency
Human well-being [social and human capital]
goal: enhance social equity and fair burden-sharing
GREEN ECONOMY
Scope and Objectives ScO
4
Scope:
Portuguese Packaging Waste Management Integrated System
(SIGRE), which is managed by SPV
Main Objectives:
Assess the SIGRE direct and indirect contribution to the
Portuguese environmental, economic and social development
Assess the role of the packaging waste management in the
Green Economy concept
Scope and Objectives ScO
5
Assessment Team:
Project Coordination
Scientific: Paulo Ferrão
Operational: Paulo Ribeiro
Environmental assessment
Paulo Ribeiro, Ana Lopes
Economic assessment
João Rodrigues, Alexandra Marques e Tiago Domingos
Paulo Ribeiro
Social assessment
Miguel Amaral, Miguel Preto
Ana Lopes, Inês Costa
Scope and Objectives ScO
6
Environmental Assessment EvA
7
Scope:
Household and industrial/commercial waste packaging management
subsystems
o Household packaging waste (“urban” system)
produced mainly by individual consumers and collected by
municipal authorities
o Industrial/commercial packaging waste (“non urban” system)
produced by companies and collected by private waste
management companies
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
8
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Main Objectives:
oProduce information about environmental costs and benefits of the
packaging waste management
oIdentify the most important aspects related with the packaging waste
management (processes, materials, ...)
Considering:
oImpacts: Waste collection, Sorting, Transport, Treatment and
Recovery operations
oAvoided impacts: Recovery operations (recycling - material,
incineration and landfill biogas - energy)
9
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Methodology:
oLife Cycle Assessment (LCA)
oLCA is the “compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the
potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its
life cycle” (ISO 14040).
oLife Cycle “Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system,
from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to
final disposal” (ISO 14040).
oFocus on the end-of-life phase, which means certain methodological
adaptations
oFunctional Unit, System Borders, …
10
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
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4 main phases
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Functional Unit chosen:
oPackaging waste managed in the SIGRE (base year 2011)
oQuantities and materials that reflects the SPV
responsibility, independently of the existence or not of
financial transfers
oLandfill, mixed collection, etc. are considered
Subsystem /
Material (t) Steel Aluminium Wood
Paper &
Cardboard Plastics Glass Others Total
Household
subsystem 44.978 8.778 4.732 220.746 182.256 397.371 2.004 860.865
Industrial/comercial
subsystem 30.294 503 49.769 216.895 25.840 13.016 505 336.823
Total 75.272 9.281 54.501 437.641 208.096 410.387 2.509 1.197.688
12
Waste managed in 2011:
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
System Borders (household subsystem):
Materials considered:
o Steel, Aluminium, Wood, Plastics, Paper and Cardboard, Glass, Other materials 13
Selective collection
1
Household waste
Mixed waste collection
2
3
Incineration
Landfill(dir. + ind.)
Sorting Recycling
4
6
5
7
9
Avoided products
Avoided fertilizer
Avoided electricity
Mechanical treatment
Composting
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Avoided electricity
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
System Borders (Industrial/commercial system):
Materials considered:
o Steel, Aluminium, Wood, Plastics, Paper and Cardboard, Glass, Other materials
14
11
Ind./Com.waste
Incineration
Landfill(dir. + ind.)
Recycling
15
17
Avoided products
Avoided electricity
Avoided electricity
19
15
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) modeling:
Establishing the flows between process
(household glass waste mass flows, 1% cut-off )
Software:
Simapro 7.3.3
16
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) modeling:
Establishing the inputs/outputs of diferent process – foreground process and
most important background process
(e.g. electricity mix in Portugal, different technologies adapted to reflect PT
reality)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) modeling:
Type of approach:
oAttributional – environmental impacts
oConsequential – avoided impacts
Impact categories:
oClimate Change
oAcidification
oPhotochemical oxidants formation
oWater consumption
oNatural Resources Depletion
oEnergy consumption
ILCD 2011 Midpoint, v. 1.01
(September 2012)
Cumulative Energy Demand, v. 1.08 (2010)
17
CO2
Change in the Radiative forcing
GHG emissions (GWP)
Change in atmospheric temperature
Change in ecosystems conditions
CH4
N20
CFC
Midpoint (problem oriented)
Impact category – Climate change
Endpoint (damage oriented)
Impact category – Ecosystem quality
Source: ISO 14044 (2006)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) modeling:
Difference between mid-point and end-point methods
(Simplified environmental mechanisms for climate change impacts (cause-response pathway))
19
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
modeling:
Quantifying the environmental impact with
environmental assessment methods
(e.g. household glass waste impact, 1% cut-off,
unspecified impact category)
20
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Interpretation of results:
Identification of the significant issues based on the LCI and LCIA results
o Inventory data
o Impact categories
o Significant contributions from LCA stages and processes to the
results
Evaluation that considers completeness, sensitivity and consistency checks
o All relevant information for interpretation is available?
o Reliability of results and conclusions considering uncertainty in data,
allocation methods and calculation of category indicators
o Assumptions, methods and data are consistent with the goal and
scope?
Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations
21
Expected results:
o Information about environmental costs and benefits of the packaging waste
management
o For the 6 impact categories referred
o For each packaging material
oComparison with environmental impacts of others activities and with national
indicators
o e.g. total Portuguese primary energy consumption, average households
water consumption, carbon sequestration of pine trees, etc.
oComparison with different SIGRE configuration scenarios
o To landfill
o To incineration
oMost important aspects related with the packaging waste management
oManagement processes
oWaste packaging materials
o Emissions and consumptions
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EvA
Economic Assessment EcA
22
Scope:
Entities of the SIGRE value chain
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Main Objectives:
oProduce information about the economical profile of the companies
that finance the SIGRE system
oAssess the profile of the waste management companies responsible
for the collection, treatment and recovery of packaging waste
oAssess the economical impact of the SIGRE value chain on the
Portuguese economy
23
Methodology:
oFor the profile of the SIGRE companies, several databases were
used in combination:
oSPV databases
oINE “Quadros de pessoal”, etc.
oOthers
oFor the economical impact of the packaging waste management, a
Input-Output Analysis (IOA) based approach was used
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
24
x11 + x12 + x13 + … + x1n + y1 = x1 x21 + x22 + x23 + … + x2n + y2 = x2 x31 + x32 + x33 + … + x3n + y3 = x3 ……………………………………. xn1 + xn2 + xn3 + … + xnn + y3 = xn
€
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Input-Output Analysis (IOA):
o Idea developed by W. Leontief (Nobel prize in economics in 70’s)
o Part of National Income and Product Accounts
o Total Inputs = Total Outputs
Matrix of inter-industry transactions
Final demand
Total output
25
o If we define an input coefficient aij , that quantifies the output of sector i absorbed by sector j per unit of its total output of sector j
o where,
– aij, is the input coefficient of product of sector i into sector j
– xij, is the amount of the product sector i absorbed, as its input, by sector j
– xj, is the physical output of sector j
then
o or, in a matrix form
YΑXX
j
ij
ijx
xa
ijiji yxax
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Input-Output Analysis (IOA):
26
o That is equal to
o Since the final demand is normally exogenous or given, for economic purposes the problem is to calculate the output column vector X. To do that is necessary to pré-multiply the by the inverse of (I-A), commonly referred as the Leonfief inverse, that result in
Where – A denotes the net direct inputs of the coefficient matrix, – A2+A3+…+A∞ are, respectively, the 1st, 2nd, and n tier indirect requirements of the coefficient matrix.
Α)X(IY
YΑ)(IX1
YA...AAAIYΑ)(I321
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Input-Output Analysis (IOA):
27
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
ROE SPV MSW REC y
ROE A B C E
SPV VPV VLR
MSW VC-RS, VC-
IC, VIC K
REC L
v O P Q
Matrix of inter-industry transactions
Final demand
Rest of economy “sectors”
Municipal waste systems “sector”
Recyclers/Waste operators “sector”
Primary inputs
SPV “sector”
E and O – primay inputs and final demand of ROE sectors C, K and Q - MSW purchases from ROE and primary inputs and MSW final demand B and P – SPV purchases from ROE and primary inputs L – “sales” of Recyclers/Waste operators to others sectors
Input-Output matrix used (extended matrix)
28
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Expected results:
o Economical profile of the companies that finance the SIGRE system
oNº of companies associated with the SIGRE
o Turnovers (€) o Financial transfers to SPV (€) o Comparison with national and sectoral indicators
o Economical profile of the waste management companies responsible for the
collection, treatment and recovery of packaging waste o Nº of companies associated with the SIGRE o Social capital (€) o Private capital (%) o Public capital (%) o Foreign capital (%) o N.º of facilities o Turnover (€) o Comparison with national and sectoral indicators o Evolution ocurred since 2000
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
30
Expected results:
o Economical impact of the SIGRE value chain on the Portuguese economy
oLeontief multipliers (how much will the total value of production in all sectors
change due to an euro worth increase in the final demand in a certain sector)
o Value added
o Salaries
o Imports
o Total activity
o Economical activity leverage per year in €
o Value added
o Salaries
o Imports
o Total activity
oComparison with national and sectoral indicators
oComparison of two diferent SIGRE configurations – effect on PT GDP
o 2011 Baseline
oWaste packging management without selective collection
EcA ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Social Assessment ScA
31
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ScA
Scope:
Jobs in the SIGRE companies value chain
SPV social responsibility projects
Main Objectives:
oAssess the jobs profiles of the waste management companies
responsible for the waste collection, treatment and recovery
oEstimate of the jobs associated with the packaging waste
management
o Assess the impacts of SPV social responsibility projects
Methodology:
oEstimates based on diverse sources of bibliographical information
o INE databases (“Quadros de Pessoal”, etc.)
o SPV databases
o Others sources 32
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ScA
Expected results:
o Jobs profiles of the waste management companies:
oNº of jobs associated with the SIGRE companies, per type of
company
oWorkers average profile
oSex
oAge
oNationality
oEducation (years)
oHierarchy
oYears as employees
oNº of work experiences
oWages
oEvolution occurred since 2000
oComparison with national and sector averages
33
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ScA
Expected results:
o Estimate of the jobs associated with the packaging waste management
o number of jobs, per company type and activity
o Impacts of SPV social responsibility projects
o “2 causas por 1 causa” project - Women breast cancer screening
o Women observed, originated treatments, investment
o “Reciclar é Dar e Receber” project – Learning activities support
o number of children, investment, n.º classrooms built
34
SPV
SMAUT Transporters Retomadores OGR
Selective collection Sorting Other (landfill,
incineration, etc.) Household
Comercial/industrial
Household Comercial/i
ndustrial
More uncertainty (allocation procedures
taking account activity and economical data)
Based on bibliographic information of different SMAUT
- More reliable data
Final Remarks FnC
35
o Assessment of direct and indirect benefits/costs of packaging waste
management
o Different approaches used
o The project is in the final stages of conclusion
o The final results are expected in middle of December
o The preliminary results indicate that:
oThe packaging waste management in the SIGRE system
integrates clearly the concept of the “Green Economy”
oThe strategy of promoting recycling activities in Portugal is
supported
Final Remarks FnC
36
SIGRE contribution for the Portuguese
environmental, economical and social development
Paulo Ribeiro
([email protected]) With the collaboration of:
Paulo Ferrão
Ana Lopes
João Rodrigues
Alexandra Marques
Tiago Domingos
Miguel Amaral
Miguel Preto
37
Project commissioned by:
