Signamax Structured Cabling Seminar. INTRODUCTION

SignamaxStructured Cabling

Seminar

INTRODUCTION

Generic Cabling Systems

• Evolution history:– 60s, 70s, and 80s

– Balanced and unbalanced transmission media

– First adapters

– Ethernet, Token Ring …

– IBM, Cabletron, Bay Networks

– Category 3 UTP, IBM Type I …

– UDC, BNC, DB9, DB15, DB25 …

– TIA/EIA (1985)

– 1991: ANSI/TIA/EIA-568

– ISO/IEC 11801, CENELEC EN 50173 …

– First structured cabling systems

Why structured cabling?

• Major risks connected with non-standard cabling:

– Network performance is lower than the one specified by the standards

– High cost of making changes to the system (the so-called MAC – Moves, Adds, Changes procedures)

– Inability to support new technologies

Why structured cabling?

• As the principles of structured cabling design and installation become increasingly recognized, the installed network equipment becomes less and less expensive and the efficiency of data transmission grows exponentially

• The structured cabling system has been the basis for information network as long as it exists. It is a foundation, which enables all business applications

• A well designed, assembled, and maintained cabling system reduces maintenance costs at all stages of its lifetime

What is structured cabling?

• ISO/IEC 11801 definition of structured cabling:

– “Generic cabling – a structured telecommunications cabling system, capable of supporting a wide range of applications. Generic cabling can be installed without prior knowledge of the required applications. Application specific hardware is not a part of generic cabling.”

What is Structured Cabling?

• Structured Cabling

– is not a telephone network

– is not a data network

– is not a cable TV network

– is not a video surveillance network

– is not a BMS, FLS, etc. network

• Structured Cabling –integrated building engineering infrastructure(upon which all listed above networks can be built)

Cabling Structure

• Generic telecommunications cabling system structure includes the following subsystems and additional elements:

– Horizontal subsystem

– Backbone subsystem

– Work Area

– Telecommunications Room

– Equipment Room

– Entrance Facility

– Administration

Functional elements

• Generic telecommunications cabling system consists of the following functional elements:– Main Cross-connect (MC)– Level I Backbone subsystem cable– Intermediate Cross-connect (IC)– Level II Backbone subsystem cable– Horizontal Cross-connect (HC)– Horizontal subsystem cable– Consolidation Point (CP)– Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly

(MuTOA or MuTO)– Telecommunications Outlet (TO)

• Groups of these functional elements are connected together to form cabling subsystems

INTERBUILDING(CAMPUS)

BACKBONESUBSYSTEM

BUILDING B

IC

ER/EF

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO

TO

WA

HC

TR

IC

ER/EF

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO

TO

WA

BUILDING C

IC

ER/EF

HC

TR

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO

TO

WA

BUILDING D

HC

TR

IC

ER/EF

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO

TO

WA

BUILDING E

HC

TR

TO

TO

WA

INTRABUILDINGBACKBONESUBSYSTEM

HORIZONTALSUBSYSTEM

SERVICEENTRANCE

LEVEL II

BUILDING A

IC

ER

LEVEL I

LEVEL I

HC

TR

HC

TR

DP

EF

MCER/EF

ER

Cabling Structure

CablingStructure

SERVICE ENTRANCE

Horizontal subsystem

Wo

rk A

rea

s

HC

TR

HC

TR

IC/HC

ER/TR

HC

TR

HC

TR

MC/HC

ER/TR

HC

TR

HC

TR

DP

EF/ER

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

Ba

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bo

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su

bs

ystem

Subsystems

• Structured cabling schemes consist of three cabling subsystems:

– Level I Backbone

– Level II Backbone

– Horizontal cabling

• The cabling subsystems are connected together to create a generic cabling structure.The cross-connects provide the means to configure the cabling to support different topologies like bus, star and ring

Level I Backbone Subsystem• The level I Backbone cabling subsystem includes

– the Level I Backbone cables;

– jumpers and patch cords in the Main Cross-connect;

– the connecting hardware on which the Level I Backbone cables are terminated (at both the Main and Intermediate Cross-connects)

Level II Backbone Subsystem• The Level II Backbone cabling subsystem includes

– the Level II Backbone cables;

– jumpers and patch cords in the Intermediate Cross-connect;

– the connecting hardware on which the Level II Backbone cables are terminated (at both the Intermediate and Horizontal Cross-connects)

Horizontal Subsystem

• The Horizontal cabling subsystem includes

– the Horizontal subsystem cables

– any cross-connections to application specific equipment at Horizontal Cross-connect

– the mechanical termination of the Horizontal subsystem cables at the Horizontal Cross-connect including the connecting hardware

– the mechanical termination of the Horizontal subsystem cables at the Telecommunications Outlet

– a Consolidation Point (optional)

Interconnection of Subsystems• Hierarchical structure

MC

IC IC

HC

CP

TO TO TO TO TO

CP

Level I Backbone cabling subsystem

Level II Backbone cabling subsystem

Horizontal cabling subsystem

HC HC HC

Optional backbone cables

Interconnection of Subsystems• Cross-connects shall be located in

– Telecommunications Rooms

– Equipment Rooms

– Entrance Facilities

HC MC/IC

EF/ER/TR

HC

TR

Public network

Campus backbone

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA

Channel & Permanent Link

• Structured cabling consist of Channels and Permanent Links.The transmission performance of structured cabling between specific interfaces is detailed in terms of the Channel and the Permanent Link

Terminal Equipment

HC TO


• The Channel is the transmission path between active equipment and the terminal equipment.For the purposes of testing, the Channel does not include the mated connection at the IT equipment.

HC TO


• The Permanent Link is the transmission path between the mated connectors located at the ends of the installed cable in a cabling subsystem.The Permanent Link contains the mated connections located at the ends of the installed cabling

HC TO

Dimensioning & configuring

• The number and type of subsystems that are part of a generic cabling implementation depends on the geography and size of the campus or building, as well as on the user strategy. Generally there would be

– one Main Cross-connect per campus

– one Intermediate Cross-connect per building

– one Horizontal Cross-connect per floor

• If the premises have only a single building, which is small enough to be served by a single Horizontal Cross-connect, a level I Backbone cabling subsystem is not required


• There should be at least one Horizontal Cross-connect for every 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) of floor space reserved for offices

• If a floor area is over 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2), additional Horizontal Cross-connectsmay be required to providemore effective serviceto the Work Area

HC MC/IC

EF/ER/TR

HC

TR

Public network

Campus backbone

HC

TR

HC

TR

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA


• A minimum of one Horizontal Cross-connect should be provided for every floor. If a floor contains few people (e.g. a lobby), this floor may be served from the Horizontal Cross-connect located on an adjacent floor.If a floor is sparselypopulated (e.g. a lobby),it is permissible to servethis floor from theHorizontal Cross-connectslocated on an adjacent floor

HC MC/IC

EF/ER/TR

HC

TR

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA

TO WA

Public network

Campus backbone


• The functions of multiple cross-connects may be combined

TO

TO TO HC

HC

HC

IC

HC

HC

HC

HC

HC

TO TO

TO

MC

IC/HC


• In some conditions, for example for reasons of security or reliability, redundancy may be built into a cabling design.This might form the basis for the design of generic cabling for a building, providing some protection against such hazards as fire damage or the failure of the public network feeder cable

Floor 2

Floor 1

Basement

Entrance Entrance Facility Facility 1 2

TO TO TO TO TO TO

TO TO TO TO TO TO

HC2-1 HC2-2

HC1-2 HC1-1

IC1 IC2

STRUCTURED CABLINGCOMPONENTS

TRANSMISSION MEDIATwisted Pair

Transmission Performance

• The following transmission performance categories of cabling components are used in structured cabling:

• Category 6a – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP)

orscreened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) cableswhose transmission characteristics are specifiedup to 500 MHz

• Category 6 – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP)

orscreened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) cableswhose transmission characteristics are specified

up to 250 MHz

continued on next page


• Category 5e – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or

screened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) cableswhose transmission characteristics are specifiedup to 100 MHz

• Category 5 – 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or screened

twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP) multipair cables whosetransmission characteristics are specifiedup to 100 MHz

• Category 3 – 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) multipaircables whose transmission characteristics arespecified up to 16 MHz

TRANSMISSION MEDIAOptical Fiber


• Structured cabling optical fiber cable transmission performance:

Fiber Type WavelengthMaximum

AttenuationBandwidth

MM 62.5/125 (OM1)

850 nm 3.5 dB/km 200 MHz-km

1300 nm 1.5 dB/km 500 MHz-km

MM 50/125 (OM2)850 nm 3.5 dB/km 500 MHz-km

1300 nm 1.5 dB/km 500 MHz-km

MM 50/125 (OM3)850 nm 3.5 dB/km 1500 MHz-km

1300 nm 1.5 dB/km 500 MHz-km

SM ISP (OS1)1310 nm 1.0 dB/km N/A

1550 nm 1.0 dB/km N/A

SM OSP (OS1)1310 nm 0.5 dB/km N/A

1550 nm 0.5 dB/km N/A

CONNECTING HARDWARETwisted Pair


• The following of connecting hardware transmission performance categories are used in structured cabling:

• Category 6a – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or

screened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) connectinghardware whose transmission characteristics arespecified up to 500 MHz

• Category 6 – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or

screened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) connectinghardware whose transmission characteristics arespecified up to 250 MHz

continued on next page


• The following of connecting hardware transmission performance categories are used in structured cabling:

• Category 5e – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or

screened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) connecting

hardware whose transmission characteristics are

specified up to 100 MHz

• Category/level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 connecting hardware are not recognized as part of structured cabling

CONNECTING HARDWAREOptical Fiber

Connectors and Adaptors

• Connector designs shall meet the requirements of the corresponding TIA FOCIS (Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard) document

• The multimode connector and adapter or a visible portionof them are identified by the color beige

• The singlemode connector and adapter or a visible portionof them are identified by the color blue

Splices

• Optical fiber splices used in structured cabling, fusion or mechanical, shall not exceed a maximum optical attenuation of 0.3 dB

• Optical fiber splices, fusion or mechanical used in structured cabling, shall have a minimum return loss of 20 dB for multimode, and 26 dB for singlemode

EQUIPMENT CABLESAND PATCH CORDS

Twisted Pair


• The following categories of equipment and patch cords transmission performance are used in structured cabling:

• Category 6a – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) or screened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) equipment

and patch cords whose transmission characteristicsare specified up to 500 MHz

• Category 6 – four-pair 100-Ohm unscreened twisted-pair (UTP) orscreened twisted-pair (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP) equipmentand patch cords whose transmission characteristicsare specified up to 250 MHz

• Category 5e – unshielded (UTP) and shielded (ScTP, FTP, S/FTP)100-Ohm twisted-pair equipment and patch cords withthe bandwidth up to 100 MHz

EQUIPMENT CABLESAND PATCH CORDS

Optical Fiber

Optical Fiber Cords

• Optical fiber equipment and patch cords, whether they are used for cross-connection or interconnection to active equipment, shall have such orientation that Position A goes to Position B on one fiber, and Position B goes to Position A on the other fiber of the fiber pair

Optical Fiber Cords

• Each end of the optical fiber equipment and patch cord shall be identified to designate Position A and Position B if the connector can be separated into its simplex components

• For alternate connector designs employing latches, the latch defines the positioning in the same way as the keys

• For simplex connectors, the connector that plugs into the receiver shall be considered Position A, and the connector that plugs into the transmitter shall be considered Position B

HORIZONTAL SUBSYSTEM


CABLING SYSTEM


• The Horizontal cabling subsystem is the part of structured cabling that extends from the Work Area Telecommunications Outlet to the Horizontal Cross-connect in the Telecommunications Room

HC CP TO

Horizontal Cabling Subsystems Work Area

Cabling

Terminal Equipment


• The Horizontal cabling subsystem consists of

– Horizontal subsystem cables

– Telecommunications Outlet in the Work Area

– connecting hardware at the Horizontal Cross-connect (interconnect or cross-connect)

– any cross-connections to application specific equipment at the Horizontal Cross-connect

– Consolidation Point (optional)

– Multi-user Telecommunications Outlet (optional)

Topology

TO

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TO

TOTO

TO

TO

TO

TO

CP

CP

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

TR

FD (HC)

TELECOMMUNICATIONSPATHWAYS AND SPACES

Pathways and Spaces

• Horizontal subsystem pathways are facilities forthe installation of telecommunications cable fromthe Telecommunications Room to the Work Area Telecommunications Outlet.Horizontal pathways encompass:

– Underfloor pathways

– Access floor

– Conduit

– Tray and wireway

– Ceiling pathways

– Perimeter pathways

– Furniture pathways

BACKBONE SUBSYSTEM

Backbone Subsystem

CABLING SYSTEM

Backbone Subsystem

• The Backbone cabling subsystem is based on cabling segments, which link such connection centers as Main Cross-Connect, Intermediate Cross-connects, and Horizontal Cross-connects.In these centers Backbone subsystem links are connected with each other thereby forming Backbone subsystem channels that are used to distribute telecommunications services (voice, data, image, etc) to the Horizontal cabling subsystem

• Backbone cabling subsystem also includes cabling between buildings

Backbone Subsystem

• The Backbone cabling subsystem consists of the following elements:

– Main Cross-connect (MC)

– Intermediate Cross-connect(s) (IC)

– Horizontal Cross-connect(s) (HC)

– Level I Backbone subsystem connecting MC with IC(s) or with HC(s)

– Level II Backbone subsystem connecting IC(s) with HC(s)

– Backbone cabling segments connecting Entrance Facility (EF) with MC or with IC(s)

– Patch cords connecting the segments of the Backbone subsystem in the MC and IC(s)

Star Topology

IC

MC

IC IC

HCHC HC HC HC

Work Area Telecommunications Outlets

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HC - Horizontal Cross-connect

IC - Intermediate Cross-connect

MC - Main Cross-connect

Ho

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Level I

Level II

HC HC

IC

TELECOMMUNICATIONSPATHWAYS AND SPACES

Pathways and Spaces

• Backbone pathways consist of intra- and interbuilding pathways

• Backbone pathways may be either vertical or horizontal

• Interbuilding backbone pathways extend between buildings

• Intrabuilding backbone pathways are contained within a building

Pathways and Spaces

• One or more backbone facilities may exist within a building

• A backbone facility is generally formed by vertically stacking teecommunications closets with floor openings between them

• Tie pathways may also exist to install backbone media between telecommunications closets on the same floor

Pathways and Spaces

• Intra-building Backbone pathways encompass:

– Underfloor pathways

– Access floor

– Conduit

– Tray and wireway

– Ceiling pathways

– Perimeter pathways

– Furniture pathways

Pathways and Spaces

• Inter-building Backbone pathways encompass :

– Underground

– Tunnels

– Aerial

WORK AREA • WA •

Work Area

Work Area

• Work Areas are those spaces in a building where occupants interact with their telecommunications devices

• Work Area elements are situated between the Horizontal cabling system end point on the Telecommunications Outlet and Work Area active equipment

• The Work Area cabling system efficiency has a great impact on the distribution system operation

• The special feature of the Work Area cabling system is its versatility and ability to introduce changes easily

Work Area

• Work Area elements are:

– Telecommunications Outlet or Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet

– Equipment cables (cords)

– Adapters, converters, couplers/splitters

– Telecommunications equipment (telephones, computers, modems, terminals, etc.)

• Active telecommunications equipment and adapters (converters, couplers) are not considered part of the telecommunications cabling system and are not included into structured cabling

CABLING SYSTEM

Telecommunications Outlet

• Telecommunications Outlet/connector is a fixed connecting device where the horizontal cable terminates

• The Telecommunications Outlet/connector provides the interface to the Work Area cabling

• The Telecommunications Outlet/connector in the Work Area is the point at which end-user equipment "plugs into" the building telecommunications utility formed by the pathway, space, and building cabling system

• The Telecommunications Outlet/connector at the same time is an element of the Work Area and Horizontal subsystem

TELECOMMUNICATIONS PATHWAYS AND SPACES

Outlet Mount Box

• The mounting box of the Telecommunications Outlet is an intermediate element between the Horizontal subsystem cable and the Work Area cable

• The following are the most widely used ways to install the mounting boxes:

– in or on the wall (or on any surface applicable for mounting)

– in the perimetral pathway (cable raceway)

– in the furniture pathway

– on the flexible hose or conduit

TELECOM ROOM • TR •

Telecommunications Room


• Telecommunications Rooms (TRs) offer many different functions to the cabling system and are often considered as a distinct subsystem within the hierarchical cabling system

• The most important function of a Telecommunications Room is the termination of Horizontal and Backbone subsystem cables to compatible connecting hardware

• A Telecommunications Room may also includethe Intermediate Cross-connect or the Main Cross-connect for different parts of the Backbone cabling subsystem


• A Telecommunications Room provides the means for administration and routing of the equipment cables/cords from the Horizontal Cross-connect to the telecommunications equipment

• In some cases, the Demarcation Point and associated protection apparatus may also be located inthe Telecommunications Room

• A Telecommunications Room also provides a controlled environment to house telecommunications equipment, connecting hardware, and splice closures serving a part of the building

EQUIPMENT ROOM • ER •

Equipment Room

Equipment Room

• The main function of the telecommunications Equipment Room is to provide a specially equipped area to terminate Backbone subsystem cables on connecting hardware of the Main and Intermediate Cross-connects

• Equipment Rooms (ERs) are considered different from Telecommunications Rooms because of the nature or complexity of the equipment contained in them

• An Equipment Room may provide any or all of the functions of a Telecommunications Room or Entrance Facility

Equipment Room

• An Equipment Room provides a controlled environment to house telecommunications equipment, connecting hardware, splice closures, grounding and bonding facilities, and protection apparatus where applicable

• An Equipment Room may also house equipment terminations (and may contain Horizontal subsystem terminations for a part of the building)

• In many cases, the Equipment Room has access provider trunk terminations, premises network terminations, Demarcation Point (DP), and auxiliary terminations

ENTRANCE FACILITY • EF •

Entrance Facility

Entrance Facility

• The Entrance Facility (EF) consists of the telecommunications service entrance to the building, including the entrance through the building wall, and continuing to the entrance room or space

• The Entrance Facility may contain the Backbone pathways that connect to the Main or Intermediate Cross-connect and to other buildings in campus situations

• Antenna entrances may also constitute part of the Entrance Facility

Entrance Facility

• The Entrance Facility includes the cables, connecting hardware, protection devices, and other equipment required to connect the outside plant facilities to the premises cabling

• The Demarcation Point (DP) between the regulated access providers and the customer premises cabling may be part of the Entrance Facility

CABLING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

Installation Quality

• The quality of installation is the most serious problem in implementation of the telecommunications cabling systems designed for the high-speed applications support

• There is a special system of requirements and conditionsto the installation of the cabling systems to preservethe primary transmission characteristics of individual components within the links, channels, and systems

• Whereas the rules of installation are the methods and accuracy of the component connections and cable organization and routing, the cabling rules are an important factor of the system capacity, simplifying the operationof the installed cabling systems


• Significant reduction of the signal distortion may be achieved by the observance of the following requirements:

– Usage of special methods of the cable preparation

– Termination of the transmission media at the connecting hardware according to the manufacturer’s instructions

– Ordered arrangement of the cable bundles

– Correct spatial orientation of the connecting hardware

– Observance of the installation rules and manufacturer’s requirements to the installation of the telecommunications connecting hardware.


• The common law made by the standards is

“The installed twisted-pair cabling system shall be classified by the link or channel component performance showingthe worst transmission characteristics”

Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat6 + Cat3 = Cat3 !!!

This classification does not depend on the obtained field test results

Cat 6 Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 6

Cat 3

CABLING SYSTEMADMINISTRATION

Administration Concept

IDENTIFIERS Cable Connecting Hardware Connecting hardware Positions Splices Pathways Spaces

RECORDS Cable Connecting Hardware Connecting Hardware Positions Splices Pathways Spaces

OTHER RECORDS

BUILDINGS Drawings HVAC Power Lighting

SYSTEMS

LAN PBX HVAC

EQUIPMENT

Phones Terminals

USERS

Room Nos. Passwords

LINKAGES

LIN

KA

GE

S

LINKAGES

User Code

Labeling

• Labeling means marking of an element of the telecommunications infrastructure with an identifier and any other relevant information (optional)

Records

• A record means collecting information about or related toa specific element of the telecommunications infrastructure

Linkages

• Linkages mean the logicalconnections between identifiersand records

• In addition, a linkagebetween the records isestablished when one ofthe identifiers included inthe record points tothe other record

• Infrastructural records may be also linked to some other records (for example, databases of employees, an active equipment, data transmission systems, etc.) not includedin the scope of this Manual

Pathways

Spaces

Connecting Hardware

Connecting Hardware Positions

Bonding and Grounding System Elements

Pathways

Spaces

Connecting Hardware

Connecting Hardware Positions

Bonding and Grounding System Elements

Cable RecordCable Record

Reports

• The information selected from the various telecommunications infrastructural records is presentedin reports

• The reports may be generated from a single set of recordsor several sets of interlinked records

• It may be preferred that the information from these reportsis presented in several different formats

Drawings

• Drawings are used to illustrate different stages of telecommunications infrastructural design and installation

Work Orders

• Work orders are used for documentation ofthe operations required to introduce modifications affecting the telecommunications infrastructure

• A work order may involve:

– Spaces

– Pathways

– Cables

– Splices

– Connecting Hardware

– Connecting Hardware Positions

– Bonding and Grounding Elements

LABELING

Labels

• Based on the attachment method, labels may be divided by the following categories:

– Insert

– Adhesive

– Other

Insert Labels

• An insert label shall be securely fastened in place under the normal operating conditions and application, which the labeled infrastructural element is exposed to

Adhesive Labels

• When selecting adhesive labels, attention should be givento choosing material substrates designed for use onthe specific surfaces to which the labels are to be attached

• In harsh environments, sleeving or tagging may be more suitable for cable marking

• Labels for elements where the label is essentially flat should be carefully selected so that the adhesive is appropriate for the element surface

CABLING SYSTEMCERTIFICATION

TESTING

TWISTED-PAIR CABLINGTESTING

General

• This section determines the characteristics of field test instruments, test methods, test configurations and minimum transmission requirements for a structured cabling based on 100-Ohm twisted-pair cable and connecting hardware

• The requirements are aimed at field-testing of installed twisted-pair cabling Channels/Permanent Links using field test instruments

TEST CONFIGURATIONS

Test Configurations

• Certification testing may be performed for either of twoor both models of the cabling system:

– Channel

– Permanent Link

TEST PARAMETERS

Parameter Category 5e Category 6 Category 6A

1Wire map (T568A/T568B)

Screen/shield continuity

2 Length (L)

3 Insertion loss (IL)

4 Pair-to-pair near-end crosstalk (NEXT) loss

5 Power sum near-end crosstalk (PSNEXT) loss

6Pair-to-pair equal-level far-end crosstalk (ELFEXT) loss

Pair-to-pair attenuation-to crosstalk ratio far end (ACRF)

7Power sum equal-level far-end crosstalk (PSELFEXT) loss

Power sum attenuation-to crosstalk ratio far end (PSACRF)

8 Alien near-end crosstalk (ANEXT) loss

9 Alien far-end crosstalk (AFEXT) loss

10 Power sum alien near-end crosstalk (PSANEXT) loss

11 Average power sum alien near-end crosstalk (PSANEXT) loss

12 Power sum attenuation to alien crosstalk ratio far-end (PSAACRF)

13 Average power sum attenuation to alien crosstalk ratio far-end (PSAACRF)

14 Return loss (RL)

15 Propagation delay (PD)

16 Propagation delay skew (PDS)

FIELD TESTERS

Measurement Accuracy

• Minimum efficiency levels were defined for field testers:

– Level IIe – category 3, 5, 5e cabling systems

– Level III – category 3, 5, 5e, 6 cabling systems

– Level IIIe – category 3, 5, 5e, 6 , 6a cabling systems

– Level IV – category 3, 5, 5e, 6 , 6a, 7 cabling systems

TEST RESULTS

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• A Pass or Fail result for each parameter shall be determined by the permissible parameter limits

• The parameter test result shall be marked with an asterisk (*) when it is closer to the test limit than the measurement accuracy published by the field tester manufacturer for the Permanent Link and Channel

PASS/FAIL Criteria

PASS PASS* FAIL* FAIL

1 – Parameter allowable limit2 – Measurement accuracy upper limit3 – Measured parameter value4 – Measurement accuracy lower limit

1234

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• PASS:

• A measured value, the upper and the lower marginsof the measurement accuracy of the field tester are belowthe permissible limit

• It gives rise to unambiguous interpretation of the result as positive

• The test result is positive, “passed testing”

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• PASS*:

• In spite of the fact that the measured value is belowthe permissible level, the upper margin of the measurement accuracy is below the permissible level, therefore there isa certain probability of permissible limit overrunning by the actual parameter value

• The test result is “conditionally passed testing”

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• FAIL*:

• In spite of the fact that the measured value is abovethe permissible level, the lower margin of the measurement accuracy is below the permissible level, therefore there isa certain probability of the actual parameter value to be kept within the permissible limits

• The test result is “conditionally failed testing”

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• FAIL:

• The measured value, the upper and the lower marginsof the measurement accuracy of the field tester are above the permissible level

• It undoubtedly indicates the negative result

• The test result is negative, “failed testing”

PASS/FAIL Criteria

• An overall Pass or Fail condition shall be determinedby the results of mandatory individual tests

• Any Fail or Fail* shall result in a general Fail

• In order to achieve a general Pass condition, any individual results must be Pass or Pass*

OPTICAL FIBER CABLINGTESTING

General

• This section provides a description of the certification testing rules for optical fiber cabling systems based on multimode (62.5/125 and 50/125 micron) and singlemode transmission media

TEST CONFIGURATIONS

Optical Fiber Link

• An optical fiber link segment is the passive cabling,to include cable, connectors, and splices (if present), between two optical fiber connecting hardware termination points

TEST PARAMETERS

Test Parameters

• Testing of the optical fiber components and systems includes measurements of several major characteristics

• For the certification testing of the majority of the optical fiber cabling systems, installed in the buildings and campus environments, it is usually sufficient to get the data on insertion loss and optical length

• Bandwidth (multimode) and dispersion (singlemode) are important performance parameters, however as they cannot be adversely affected by installation practices, they should be tested by the fiber manufacturer and do not require any field testing

Insertion Loss

• Link insertion loss is based on the use of the One Reference Jumper Method specified by ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14-A, Method B and ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7, Method A.1

• The test configuration of the link insertion loss does not include any active or passive devices other than cable, connectors and splices (i.e., optical bypass switches, couplers, repeaters or optical amplifiers)

FIELD TESTERS

Field Testers

Insertion loss testing of optical fiber structured cabling can be performed with:

– Power meter and light sourceor

– Field testers including the optical fiber detectors within their sets, facilitating insertion loss tests

Field Testers

Length testing of optical fiber structured can be performed with:

– OTDRor

– Field testers including the optical fiber detectors within their sets, facilitating the length testsor

– Any other test optical fiber instrument for the optical fiber length measurement

Documents

Signamax Structured Cabling Seminar. INTRODUCTION