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Signals and Systems
M. RahmatiComputer Engineering and Information Technology DepartmentAmir Kabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)
Spring 1391
Course organization
Textbook◦ Signals and Systems
Alan V. Oppenheim Alan S. Willsky S. Hamid Nawab
References◦ Fundamentals of Signals and Systems: Using Matlab
Edward W. Kamen and bonnie S. Heck Prentice Hall
◦ Signals and Systems : Continuous and Discrete Ziemer, Trainer, Fannin Macmillon
Course organization Grading
◦ Homework (20%) Computer Projects
Matlab, Java, C, C++ DO NOT COPY other students’ codes Add Comments to all of your source codes
Written Problems
◦ Tests (70 %) First Exam Midterm (Closed book) Final (Closed Book)
◦ Computer Project
Course organizationPolicies
◦Attendance◦Late Attendance◦Missing Exams / HW◦Neatness◦INDIVIDUALLY of your works◦NO CELL PHONE
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Overall Outline Introduction 1. Signals 2. Systems 3. Continuous-time Fourier Transform 4. Communication Systems 5. Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 6. Sampling 7. Applications of Discrete-Time Signal Processing 8. Fourier Series Representation 9. Laplace Transform 10. Feedback Systems 11. Z-Transform
What is“Signals & Systems”all about???
SIGNALS
Signals are functions of independent variables that carry information. For example:
Electrical signals ---voltages and currents in a circuit
Acoustic signals ---audio or speech signals (analog or digital)
Video signals ---intensity variations in an image (e.g. a CAT scan)
Biological signals ---sequence of bases in a gene
..
Beyond “Signals & Systems”
Signals & systems
Control system
Communication system
Digital Signal
Processing
Analog Electroni
csFPGAs for DSP
Computer Networks
Computer Security
Computer Paradigms
(AI, Neural Net., Etc.
Some Application Areas
Five Common Signals & Systems Scenarios:
Signal Classification :Type of Independent Variable
Time is often the independent variable. Example: the electrical activity of the heart recorded with chest electrodes –– the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
The variables can also be spatial
Independent Variable Dimensionality
Continuous-Time & Discrete-Time
Our Studies
THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
CT Signals
DT Signals
Our Notation :
Many human-made DT Signals
Why DT? —Can be processed by modern digital computers and digital signal processors (DSPs).
Mandrill Example
Mandrill Example
Image Processing in Digital Camera
SYSTEMS For the most part, our view of systems
will be from an input-output perspective:
A system responds to applied input signals, and its response is described in terms of one or more output signals
EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS
SYSTEM INTERCONNECTIOINS
Real and Complex Signals
