Sigmund Freud

Father of Psychoanalysis

History

Vienna, Austria Studied medicine & neurology during late

1800s Opened practice in Vienna and treated many

women with hysteria Moved to England to escape Nazi

persecution and died in 1939

Theory of the Unconscious

Conscious- aware Unconscious- unaware Free Association-

technique of psychoanalysis in which patients are encouraged to talk freely(interpretation, resistance, transference)

Conscious

Unconscious

3 Divisions of the Mind

1. Ego- reality principle, policy of satisfying desires only if there is a socially acceptable outlet

2. Id- pleasure principle, satisfy desires and avoid pain

3. SuperEgo- applies moral restrictions

3 Divisions of the Mind

Id SuperEgo

Ego

Defense Mechanisms

If the Id and SuperEgo clash the result is anxiety

The Ego uses defense mechanisms to reduce this anxiety

1. Rationalization- hiding true feelings by making up excuses

2. Denial- refusing to recognize

Defense Mechanisms

3. Repression- pushing unacceptable feeling into the unconscious

4. Projection- attribute your own unacceptable behavior onto others

5. Reaction Formation- substituting feelings/behaviors that are direct opposite of unacceptable ones

Defense Mechanisms

6. Displacement- transferring feelings to an object or other person

7. Sublimation- redirecting forbidden desire into a social acceptable way

8. Regression- reverting to child-like behavior

5 Psychosexual Stages

First 5 yrs are most important in personality of development

Each stage is centered around a libido= sexual energy which can be any form of pleasure

Fixation can occur in the first 3 stages

5 Psychosexual Stages

1. Oral: birth to 18mo. Libido = mouth: sucking, chewing, biting Fixation- overeating, smoking, gum chewing

2. Anal: 1 ½- 3yr. Libido = anus Fixation-anal retentive (behaving rigidly) or

anal expulsive (messy, carefree)

5 Psychosexual Stages

3. Phallic: 3-6yr Libido= genitals Oedipus Complex (boys) & Electra Complex (girls)-

child competes with same sex parent for affections of the opposite parent

Castration Anxiety Penis Envy Fixation: Boys- prove toughness, Girls- inferiority

complex

5 Psychosexual Stages

4. Latency: 7 to puberty Repression of sexual thoughts Same-sex friends

5. Genital: puberty to adulthood Renewed sexual desires that are fulfilled

through relationships with others