Sigma

345 MWS

Sigmaplot Workbook

Mary ThorpSeptember 2008Document 345

Computing Services Department

Contents1 INTRODUCTION 4

What is Sigmaplot 4Using this Workbook 4Getting Help 5

Checkpoints 5

2 EXERCISE 1 DRAW A GRAPH 6Starting Sigmaplot 11.0 7Importing Data into Sigmaplot 8Examining the Worksheet 9Modifying the Worksheet 10Creating a Graph 11

Checkpoint 1 13Setting the Page Size 13Adding a New Plot to a Graph 14Changing Line Styles 15

Checkpoint 2 16Adding a Title, Legend and Axis Titles 16Adding Symbols and Downsampling 17Changing the Printer Settings 19Saving your Graphs 20Exporting your Graphs 21Creating a Graph using Multi–lines 22

Checkpoint 3 23Changing the Linestyles of Multi–lines 23Exiting Sigmaplot 24

3 EXERCISE 2 DRAW ERROR BARS 25Modifying the Datasheet 26Creating an Error Bar Plot 27Changing the Error Bar Directions 29

Checkpoint 1 29Adding a New Error Bar Plot 30

Checkpoint 2 31Adding a Title and Legend 32Adding a Line Plot 32Adding Another Graph to the Same Page 33Rearranging and Changing the Graph Sizes 34Trying the Linear Regression Routines 35Trying Other Curve–Fitting Routines 36

4 EXERCISE 3 DRAW A 3D MESH PLOT 38Interpolating the Data 38

Checkpoint 1 41Changing the Graph Properties 42Changing the Colour Scheme 42Changing the Point of View 43Changing the Weights in the Interpolation 44

5 EXERCISE 4 DRAW CURVE OF 2D FUNCTION 46Using the Transform Dialog 47Creating a 2D line Plot 48

Checkpoint 1 48Adjusting the Axis Scales 49Changing the Parameters 49

6 EXERCISE 5 DRAW MULTIPLE AXES PLOT 51Adding Data to the Worksheet 52Creating the Plots 53

Checkpoint 1 53Adding New Axes 54

Checkpoint 2 55Changing the Scales on the Axes 55Tidying up the Graph 56

7 EXERCISE 6 THE HISTOGRAM WIZARD 57Importing Data to the Worksheet 57Using the Histogram Wizard 58Making Uneven Buckets 58Creating a Histogram with Uneven Buckets 59

Checkpoint 1 59Changing the Tick Labels 60Creating a Regression Line and Confidence Lines 61Finding Prediction Intervals and Correlation Coefficient 62Optional Exercise 63

APPENDIX 1 WORKBOOK DATASETS 64

APPENDIX 2 LOCAL SETUP OF SIGMAPLOT 67

Appendix 3 Printing from Sigmaplot 68

1 Introduction

What is SigmaplotSigmaplot is a technical graphing package. It is available to users who have registered for the Managed Windows Service. We now have a site licence.

Sigmaplot can be used effectively to produce all types of graphs and charts. It includes a nonlinear curve fitter, worksheets that accommodate large datasets and summary statistics. It has what it calls a mathematical transform language that allows you to manipulate and analyse data.

Using this WorkbookThis workbook contains a number of examples that are designed to show you some of the facilities available in Sigmaplot for creating graphs and to help you navigate the menu system and the toolbars. There is one manual available for reference or for loan from the main University Libraries and you are referred to this manual if you require more details on particular features. The manual is:

Sigmaplot User's Guide

Alternatively, for versions of Sigmaplot manuals in PDF form, please see online help pages or the SYSTAT website:

http://www.systat.com/downloads/

It is assumed in this workbook that you are familiar with the use of Windows packages; i.e. you know what is meant by the following terms:

Format Conventions

In this document the following format conventions are used:

Computer output is given in a Courier font. Password

Input which is to be typed by you is in bold a:\setupInput which must be replaced by your details is given in bold italics.

LOGIN user_name

Keys that you press are bold. EnterMenu options and buttons are given in an Arial font. File | NewNotes are indicated by a bulleted book. This is a noteTips are indicated by a bulleted flag. This is a tipWarnings are indicated by a bulleted bomb. This is a warning

FeedbackThe Computing Services Department welcomes feedback on its documentation. If you notice any mistakes in this document, or if you wish to make any suggestions on how the document could be improved, please contact Allyson Matthews, Information Officer. Electronic mail should be sent to the email address [email protected]

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http://www.systat.com/downloads/

mailto:[email protected]

Windows Clicking Double-clicking Dragging Menus Toolbars File browsers

If you are not familiar with using the Managed Windows Service, then it is suggested that you look at the following web page

http://www.liv.ac.uk/csd/mws/index.htm

We also assume minimal knowledge of spreadsheets; i.e. you know what spreadsheets look like and that you can use the mouse or arrow keys to move around the cells.

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http://www.liv.ac.uk/csd/mws/index.htm

Getting HelpWhen you select Help on the top menu and then select Contents and Index, you will see that Sigmaplot uses the standard Windows help system. You are presented with four tabs and only one may be selected at any one time. These are:

Contents this opens a table of contents where you can browse various topics

Index this allows you to see a list of index entries. You can either type a subject or scroll through the list

Search this allows you to search a particular topic or the entire Help file for a particular word or phrase.

Favourites this allows you to store particular Help topics of interest and to recall them later.

Checkpoints

If you get stuck during an exercise but you do not want to start at the beginning of the exercise again, you can load checkpoint files — stored in v:\SigmaplotExs\chkpoints. At various stages in the exercises, you are invited to use a suitable checkpoint file.

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2 Exercise 1 Draw a GraphThe aim of this exercise is to produce the following graph.

In this exercise, you will be proceeding through the following list of actions. Full instructions will be given:

Starting Sigmaplot 11.0

Importing Data into Sigmaplot

Examining the Worksheet

Modifying the Worksheet

Creating a Graph

Using the Graph Wizard

Setting the page size and changing the graph size

Adding a New Plot to a Graph

Changing Line Styles

Adding a Title, Legend and Axis Titles

Adding symbols and downsampling

Changing the printer settings

Saving your graphs

Exporting your graphs

Creating a graph using Multi-lines

Changing the linestyles in a Multi–line graph

Exiting Sigmaplot

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Starting Sigmaplot 11.0The following instructions will help you to run Sigmaplot.

When your Windows XP desktop appears on the screen, look for the Sigmaplot11.1 icon and double–click it if it is there.

If this is not present, then you need to install it by clicking Start followed by clicking Install University Applications and then looking for Graphics followed by clicking Sigmaplot 11.

For more details on the installation, see Appendix 2.

To ensure that filetypes are not hidden in file browsers, double–click the My Computer icon on your desktop and select Tools | Folder Options. Click the View tab and check that the Hide file extensions for known filetypes option is switched off.

On the Welcome window, click Create a New Blank Notebook and then click OK.

Maximise the Sigmaplot window. You are presented with the following screen. There are two other windows as well as the main Sigmaplot window. One is called Notebook 1 and the other is called Data 1. We shall initially concentrate on putting data into the worksheet called Data1.

Note that, once you have installed Sigmaplot, you can start Sigmaplot in future by using one of the following two methods:

1. Select Start | Programs | Sigmaplot | Sigmaplot 11.1

2. Double–click on the Sigmaplot 11.1 icon on your desktop

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Importing Data into SigmaplotWith a worksheet active, highlight the cell in row 1, column 1 (this is the start of where you want to import the data) and then follow these instructions:

Select File | Import | File.

Navigate to the directory where the data is stored, in this case v:\SigmaplotExs\exercises.

Change the Files of type to Comma Delimited.

Select Exercise1.csv.

Click on Import.

You are now presented with this window:

Notice that a comma is used to separate values in the original file. Sigmaplot detects that a comma is used and it puts a comma for the Delimiter in the Field format.

Also, notice that in the original file, the first row contains column headings T, A1 etc. It is a common practice to put column headings in a data file.

Without changing anything, just click on Import.

The data will now be loaded into the worksheet at the point specified (cell in Row1, Column 1).

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Examining the Worksheet

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The Sigmaplot worksheet is a spreadsheet. It consists of tables, each of which is a set of rows and columns. Values (data) or labels (text) can be put into these cells. Each of the cells has a unique address. For example, the address of the cell, which has the label A1, is Data1, 2, 1; i.e. the cell is in Data 1, column 2, and row 1.

Note that, since the original file had column headings at the top of the file and since the whole file has been imported, the column headings appear in Row 1 of the worksheet.

Worksheets can hold data imported from a file, alternatively data can be directly entered into the worksheet. Sometimes output worksheets are created as a result of a calculation.

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Modifying the WorksheetWe will now change the worksheet so that the first cell of each column becomes the title for that column.

Move the cursor to the left of cell ( 1 , 1 ); i.e. the cell in column 1 and row 1. Note that the cursor becomes an arrow pointing rightwards. Click so that Row 1 is now highlighted.

Select Format | Column and Row Titles.

Ensure that the Column tab is selected and click Promote.

Click Close.

Your worksheet should now look like this.

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Click on any one cell so that the row is no longer selected.

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Creating a GraphAfter you have entered data into the worksheet, a graph can be produced using this data. There are two ways of creating a graph:

1. Click an icon on the toolbar to the left of the screen.

2. Use the Graph Wizard.

We are going to use the second method

For your interest, the graph types available, with their corresponding icons are shown below. When more familiar with Sigmaplot and on knowing what type of graph you require, it may be easier to click one of these icons rather than use the Graph Wizard.

2D Graph Types 3D Graph Types

Scatter Plot Contour Plot

Line Plot 3D scatter Plot

Line/Scatter Plot 3D line Plot

Area Plot Mesh Plot

Polar Plot 3D Bar Chart

Ternary Plot

Vertical Bar Chart

Horizontal Bar Chart

Box Plot

Pie Chart

Vector Chart

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Using the Graph WizardThe Graph Wizard can be started by selecting Graph | Create Graph or pressing the F3 key or clicking on the Graph Wizard icon on the Standard toolbar

Select Line Plot from the list of Graph Types and click Next.

Select Simple Straight Line from the list of Graph Styles and click Next.

Select XY Pair from the list of Data Formats and click Next.

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For the X: values, select the column with a header of 1–T on the worksheet. The pointer changes to a downward pointing arrow as you move over the column headers.

For the Y: values, select the column 2–A1 on the worksheet then click on Finish.

Checkpoint 1

If you have not obtained the picture below, then you can either load the file EX1CH1.JNB from v:\SigmaplotExs\chkpoints\ or you can start from scratch.

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Setting the Page Size First, check that you are using millimetres for your units:

Go to Tools | Options and click the Page tab

Change the Units to Millimetres if necessary and then click OK

For this particular exercise, we want an A4 plot in Landscape orientation.

Go to File | Page Setup and click on the Page Size tab.

If necessary, change the Paper Size to A4.

Set the Orientation to either Portrait or Landscape, in this case Landscape.

Click on OK.

You may want to resize the plot, so that it fills the page. To do this:

Click the little arrow by the Zoom Control box on the Standard toolbar at the top and select Fit to see the layout of the graph on the paper.

Click anywhere on the background of graph, to make it active and drag one of the black handles, that appear, until the graph is the desired size

Increase the size of the window containing the graph (called Graph Page 1 – Data 1) so that it occupies more than one half of the screen.

Adding a New Plot to a GraphTo add another line to the first:

Select Graph | Add Plot

Select Line Plot, then click Next

Select Simple Straight Line then click Next

Select XY Pair then click Next

If you already have a column selected, Sigmaplot assumes you want this column to be your X values. So first click X in the Add Plot box then select column 1–T in the worksheet.

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For the Y values, select column 3–A2 and click Finish

You should now be presented with the following graph:

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Changing Line StylesLooking at the graph, we can see that both lines are currently using the same formatting information. We will now change this formatting information, so that the lines can be distinguished.

Select Graph | Graph Properties

Ensure that the Plots tab is selected, select Plot 1 in the Plot box and highlight the Lines icon in the Setting For list.

Change the Color to Dk Red, Thickness to 0.9 mm and keep Solid for the Type.

Change to Plot 2 in the Plot box and change the Color to Dark Gray and thickness to 0.9 mm. Click on Apply. To view the graph now, click on OK.

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Checkpoint 2

If you have not obtained the picture below, then you can either load the file EX1CH2.JNB and start here or you could load the file EX1CH1.JNB and retrace the steps from Checkpoint 1.

Adding a Title, Legend and Axis TitlesIt is worth pointing out at this stage that Sigmaplot has an object–oriented rationale. Double–clicking on any object will allow you to change the properties of that object. For instance, try double–clicking on one of the curves.

To change the axis titles:

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Reopen the Graph Properties window and click the Axes tab.

In the Axis box, click X data then click Rename.

Make the axis title Time (mseconds)

In the Axis box, select Ydata and change the title for the Y axis to Amplitude.

Click OK to see the plot.

To change the graph title and the axes titles.

Open the Graph Properties window again. Click on the Graph tab.

Change the Title of the graph by clicking on the Rename button and typing in Sound Waves. Click OK on the Edit Text window.

Click the Legends icon, then highlight T vs A1. Click Edit and change the legend text to High.

Highlight T vs A2 and change the legend text to Low.

Click on Apply to apply the changes.

Click on OK to close the Graph Properties window.

Adding Symbols and DownsamplingYou can request a line and scatter plot when using the Graph Wizard but you can choose to add or delete lines or symbols at any stage of creating a graph.

Reopen the Graph Properties window and click the Plots tab.

Click the Symbols icon on the left of the dialog box. For Plot1, choose Triangle Up and change the colour of both the Fill and Edge to Red. For

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Plot2 choose Triangle Down and check that both the Fill and Edge colours are Black. Make both sets of symbols 3 mms in size.

Sometimes, you may have too many data points to view and you may decide you only want to see a subset of them. You can downsample the data.

Keeping the Plots tab selected, switch to the Data icon on the left hand side. Currently, it is sampling every point in the range. Change it so it is still plotting the full range but at every 4th point. See the dialog box below. Do this for both Plot1 and Plot2.

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Also move the title and legend nearer the main graph.

The next picture shows the result.

Undo the downsampling before doing the next set of instructions to print the graph.

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Changing the Printer Settings

To print your finished graph,

Select File | Print.

Change the Printer Name to the desired print-queue/printer. Use an A4 printer such as the Colour Laser printer. You can change any of the printer settings at this stage by clicking the Properties button.

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Click on OK and your plot will be added to the queue.

Before using Sigmaplot, you should normally make the desired printer to be your default printer, because the page sizes available in Sigmaplot are dependent upon which printer you have chosen. See Appendix 3 for more details.

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Saving your GraphsTo save your Sigmaplot file containing both the graph and the worksheet:

Select File | Save As.

Navigate to where you want to save your file, e.g. M:\sigmaplotexs

Enter a File name for the Sigmaplot Notebook (please call it Exercise1.JNB)

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Click Save.

At this stage, it is worth while pausing to look at the structure of a Sigmaplot Notebook. You should be able to see a panel between the graph icons on the extreme left and the graph window. This is called the Notebook Manager and it contains the name of one notebook (now called Exercise1). If this panel has disappeared, then you should be able to retrieve it by clicking on the small icon on the right of the contour gra ph icon.

A Notebook consists of one or more sections, each of which contains at most one worksheet and one or more graph pages. A graph page can have several graphs on it. Sections can optionally contain equation pages, reports and macros.

When you save a Notebook, you save the whole structure, including the sections, worksheets, graphs etc.

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Exporting your GraphsTo export your graphs as pictures, for inclusion in another program,

Click on the Graph Page window again and then select File | Export | Export File

Navigate to where you want to export your file, i.e. M:\sigmaplotexs

Select the desired File Type, (choices are Bitmap, Enhanced Metafile, JPEG, TIFF, HTML, PDF and Encapsulated PostScript).

Enter a File name (for example, if you have chosen Enhanced Metafile for the File Type, Exercise1.EMF) and click Export.

Click OK on the next panel to accept the suggested sizes etc.

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Creating a Graph using Multi–linesYou may have noticed that, instead of using Simple Straight Line, you could have selected Multiple Straight Lines. We are now going to use that option.

First, click on the background of the graph and press the Delete key – this should give you a blank page.

Click on the Worksheet window, click on the cell in Row 1, Column 1 and start the Graph Wizard.

Select Line Plot from the list of Graph Types and click Next.

Select Multiple Straight Lines from the list of Graph Styles and click Next.

Select X Many Y from the list of Data Formats and click Next.

For the X: values, select the column with a header of 1–T on the worksheet. Make sure that you have X: 1–T. If you haven’t, then click the X: in the Selected Columns in the Graph Wizard and try again.

For the Y1: values, select the column 2–A1 on the worksheet

For the Y2: values, select the column 3–A2 on the worksheet. Continue in this way until you have selected all of A1 to A5.

Click on Finish.

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Checkpoint 3


Changing the Linestyles of Multi–linesWhen using a multi–line graph, you can use incrementing schemes for both the line type and the colour of individual lines. Sigmaplot provides two line type schemes and nine colour schemes.

Select the graph and then click Graph | Graph Properties

Click the Plots tab and then click the Lines icon in the Settings for box.

Click the down arrow for the Type in the Line Style section and choose Incrementing

Click the down arrow for the Color in the Line Color section and choose Earthtones

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Click OK

You can create your own incrementing schemes for line types, symbol types, patterns and for colours. An example of how to do this is given in a later exercise.

Exiting SigmaplotTo exit Sigmaplot:

Select File | Exit. You will be prompted to save any modified files at this stage. Then you will be returned to the Windows interface.

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3 Exercise 2 Draw Error BarsThe aim of the first part of this exercise is to produce the following graph.


Modifying the Datasheet Creating an Error Bar Plot Changing the Error Bar Directions Adding a new error bar plot Adding a Title and Legend Adding a Line Plot Adding another graph to the same page Rearranging and changing the size of graphs Trying the linear regression routines Trying other curve–fitting routines

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Modifying the Datasheet Start Sigmaplot and create a new notebook.

Then import file v:\SigmaplotExs\exercises\Exercise2.txt into the worksheet using Plain Text for the File type. Note that the data items in this file are separated by tab characters and Sigmaplot recognises this by specifying Tab delimited for the Field format. Keep the worksheet window active.

We have to find the errors and store them in columns 5 and 6.

In cell 5,1 type – Error for a column header and in cell 6,1 type + Error

Select any other cell so that the title is registered.

Promote the text in row 1 to titles (see last exercise for instructions)

Select Transforms | User–Defined

Enter the following two lines:

col (5) = col (3) – col (2)

col (6) = col (4) - col (2)

Click Run. (The worksheet reappears showing that column 5 and column 6 have the error values.) Notice that the data for –Error and + Error are different. Before moving on, click any cell.

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Creating an Error Bar Plot Start the Graph Wizard.

Select Scatter Plot from the list of Graph Types and click Next.

Select Simple Error Bars from the list of Graph Styles and click Next.

The errors are stored in the worksheet columns so keep the default for this screen and click Next.

Select XY Pair from the list of Data Formats and click Next.

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For the X: value, select the 1–X column on the worksheet.

For the Y value, select the 2–Y-mean column from the worksheet.

For the Error value, select the 5–Error column from the worksheet.

Click on Finish.

Notice that the errors are plotted by default in both directions.

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Changing the Error Bar Directions Select Graph | Graph Properties

Ensure the Plots tab is selected and that the current plot is Plot 1; select Error Bars from the Settings For list and select Y Negative for the Direction.

Click OK

Checkpoint 1

If you have not obtained the picture below, then you can either load the file EX2CH1.JNB or you can start from scratch.

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Adding a New Error Bar PlotTo add the graph containing the positive error values:

Select Graph | Add Plot

Select Scatter Plot and click Next

Select Simple Error Bars and click Next

Accept the default using Worksheet Columns and click Next

Select XY Pair and click Next

For the X: value, select 1–X. Make sure that you have clicked the X value in the Graph Wizard box.

For the Y: value, select 2–Y–mean

For the Error: value, select 6–+Error

Click Finish


Ensure the Plots tab is selected and that the current plot is Plot 2; select Error Bars from the Settings For list and select Y Positive for the Direction.

While you are still on this menu, click Symbols in the Settings for box and switch off the

symbols for Plot 2 by using Type (None).

Click OK.

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Checkpoint 2


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Adding a Title and Legend Re–open the Graph Properties window again, if necessary, and select the

Graph tab. Change the title to Y-Mean & Error Levels

Click on the Legends icon and switch off the Framed in Box setting for the legend

Make the legend style Symbol only for both Plot 1 and Plot 2

Change the Legend Appearance For Legend Symbol to Y-Mean for Plot 1 and to

blanks for Plot 2 (type one space at least!).

Click Apply

Click OK

Drag the legend, which is currently at the bottom left, so it is inside the axis frame at the top left.

Adding a Line PlotOne way to add a line that plots Y–mean to the graph could be as follows:

Add a line plot using the data in columns X and Y–mean. You would also need to edit the legend labels to produce the picture below.

However, a much quicker way of doing this is to:


Click the Plots tab and then using Plot1, click the Lines icon in the Settings for box.

Choose Solid (instead of None) in the Line Style Type box

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Click OK

Adding Another Graph to the Same PageTo add another graph to the page:

Select Graph | Create Graph

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Select Line Plot from the list of Graph Types and click Next

Select Simple Straight Line from the list of Graph Styles (you may be interested to see Simple Spline Curve in the list) and click Next

Select XY Pair from the list of Data Formats and click Next

For the X: values, select the 1–X column

For the Y values, select the 2–Y-mean column

Click on Finish

You should be presented with a picture showing two graphs similar to the one on the next page.

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Rearranging and Changing the Graph Sizes Rearrange the graphs so that both the graphs can be seen. You can do this by

simply dragging each graph in turn. Use the Zoom Control box if necessary.

Click on one graph and use the menu item Format | Size and Position. Suggested size is 150 x 90 for both graphs and then try 30 for the left and 30 for the top for one graph; 30 for the left and 170 for the top for the other.

You will also need to change the properties of each graph as follows:

For the Y–Mean and Errors plot you will need to:

Switch off the line plot.

For the Y–Mean plot, you will need to:

Change the title.

Change the legend labels, switch off the Framed in a box setting and reposition the legend.

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Trying the Linear Regression RoutinesSigmaplot has a library of over 100 built–in equations which can be used as curve fitting functions. It has a Regression Wizard that helps you to choose a suitable function. In this part of the exercise, we try a least-squares fit of the data to a polynomial of order 3.

Discard the top graph, by selecting it and then pressing the Delete key.

To find a regression curve for Y-mean, click Graph | Linear Regression

Click Each Curve (there is only one in this case!), try an order of 1 and click OK. Then have a look at the regression curves for an order of 2 and for an order of 3. The curve for order 3 is shown below.

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You can obtain the coefficients used by returning to the Linear Regression dialog box and clicking the Results tab. The following is a subset of the results:

Order 3

Coefficients: b[0] 30.3894696387 b[1] 3.6168018191

b[2] -0.4934021906 b[3] 0.0352610172

r ² 0.9996363764 (this is the correlation coefficient)

Function Values: x f(x)

2 35.9315526518

2.24 36.4117244045

2.48 36.8623533297

2.72 37.2863641172

2.96 37.6866814568

…………………………

13.76 78.6020884287

14 81.0740968486

Trying Other Curve–Fitting RoutinesThe Regression Wizard helps you to choose a suitable equation, variables and options such as initial parameter estimates, parameter constraints, weighting etc. In addition, you can edit the code used in each fitting routine and you can also add your own equations to the built-in library. If you are interested in these facilities, consult Sigmaplot11.0 User Guide (Part 1) or online help facilities for more details.

If the Linear Regression box is still on view, click OK or Cancel.

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Click Statistics | Nonlinear Regression | Regression Wizard. We want to find a better fit than the regression curves tried on the previous page.

You can view different equations by choosing different categories and names. Choose Rational for the Equation Category and then 3Parameter III for the Equation Name. This particular function was chosen since we think the data needs three parameters and it is a more general function than 1ParameterI, for instance. If you click Edit Code, you can see where you can impose constraints and change the convergence criteria. Click Next on the Regression Wizard Panel.

Choose X from the list in Variable Columns for the x values and Y–mean for the y values then click Next.

It is reported in the results box that convergence was satisfactory. Click Next

Once you have learnt how to use the Regression Wizard, you should look at the results box in more detail. In this particular case, the Dependencies column, with all the values near 1.0, shows that the parameters are strongly dependent on one another and so we should probably be trying an equation with fewer parameters.

Don’t add the Equation or the Report to the Notebook. Click Next

Ensure that the option to create a new graph is switched on and click Finish

If you want to have a look at the coefficients for the equations, then you will need to bring the worksheet to the front.

Look at the Notebook window and see that a new graph page has been added. Leave Sigmaplot. Save the Notebook but there is no need to save the transform.

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4 Exercise 3 Draw a 3D Mesh PlotThe aim of this exercise is to produce the following mesh plot.


Interpolating the data

Creating a Mesh Plot

Changing the Graph Properties

Changing the Colour Scheme

Changing the point of view

Changing the Weights used in the Interpolation

Interpolating the Data Start Sigmaplot.

Import the file v:\SigmaplotExs\exercises\Exercise3.txt and keep the worksheet window active.

The data consists of a set of (x,y,z) triplets and is not on a regular grid. It is possible to create a 3D mesh plot from this data as it stands (see picture at top of next page) but it is advised to interpolate the data into a regular grid, before drawing a 3D mesh since there is more control over the smoothing.

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Select Transforms | Smooth 3D Data

When asked for Source X: select column 1 on the worksheet.

When asked for Source Y: select column 2.

When asked for Source Z: select column 3.

Click Next

Select column 4 for Predicted:

Select column 5 for Residuals:

Keep tick in box for Plot Results and click Next

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Select column 6 for X column:

Select column 7 for Y column:

Select column 8 for Z column:

Keep tick in box for Create new graph and click Finish.

Sigmaplot provides a number of smoothing algorithms. Here is a list of them:

This is not a suitable place to discuss the merits of all the different smoothing algorithms for this particular set of data. However, if you change the Smoother, the Sampling Proportion and the Exponent parameters, and then click Preview each time a change is made, you will see that you need to take care in choosing an algorithm and in choosing particular values for the other parameters!

Choose Negative Exponential for the Smoother and give values of 0.1 for the Sampling Proportion and 1 for the Exponent.

Click Options. Change the default values of 15 intervals x 15 intervals to 60 x 60 for the X and Y values for the regular grid and change to Nearest Neighbours for the Bandwidth Method and then click OK. Click OK on the Smooth 3D Data panel.

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Checkpoint 1


Have a look at the worksheet. It has five new columns and columns 6, 7 and 8 now contain a mesh of 60 x 60 values for X,Y,Z.

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Changing the Graph Properties Open the Graph Properties window. Change the title to Heights and remove

the legend completely.

Click the Axes tab and for the Axis, choose ZData.

Choose Scaling in the Settings for list and change the Start and End values to –160 and 120.

Choose Ticks in the Settings for list. Ensure that the Apply To box is set to Major Ticks. Click Manual for the Ticks in the Major Tick Intervals and change the interval (Every) to 40 and the starting point (From) to –160

Changing the Colour SchemeOn the Graph Properties window, select the Plots tab.

Select Mesh in the Settings For list.

Change the Fill Colors Color to Incrementing and change the Fill Colors Transition to Gradient.

Click Apply and OK to apply changes.

You can insert colours into a column of the worksheet and use this column for your own colour scheme.

Return to the worksheet window by clicking Window | Data 1*.

Select the first cell in Column 9 then click Insert | Graphic Cells.

Double–click a colour. That colour is inserted into the cell and then you are invited to insert another colour for the second cell in that column. Insert about five colours altogether.

Close the Insert Graphic Cells box by clicking the small cross at the top right.

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Return to the Graph Page window. On the Graph Properties window, select the Plots tab and select Mesh in the Settings For list.

Change the Fill Colors Color used to Column 9 (you may have to scroll to bottom of list) and change the Transition used to Discrete.

Click Apply and then OK to apply changes. You should obtain a picture similar to the one at the start of this exercise.

This procedure is what you would need to follow if you wanted to change the colour scheme for the Multiple Line example at the end of Exercise 1.

Changing the Point of View Open the Graph Properties window.

Select the Graph tab.

Select Rotation from the Settings For list.

Change the Horizontal View to desired angle.

Change the Vertical View to desired angle.

Change the Perspective.

Use the Preview window to see changes.

If you want, you can choose Revert to last applied. Click OK.

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Changing the Weights in the InterpolationSigmaplot smoothers are algorithms for smoothing sharp variations in dependent variable values within 3D data sets. These smoothers are used to create a new set of data over a grid of uniformly spaced values of the independent variables.

For basic help on the different smoothing techniques, click Help | Sigmaplot Contents and Index. Click the Index tab and then type Interpolating Data in the space provided. Click Display.

Each smoothing method weights the data contained in a window surrounding the smoothing location in the set of the independent variables. The size of the window depends on the value of the Proportion value. A linear or non–linear technique is then applied to the weighted data to compute each smoothed value.

The weight assigned to each data value in the window is determined by its normalized distance (u) from the smoothing location. In the Inverse Distance method, if the Exponent value is high, then the weights become quite small for points further away from each datapoint and so greater emphasis is placed on the nearest data points, resulting in a mesh passing closer to the data.

To create a new mesh, first click on the worksheet window to make it current.

Select Transforms | Smooth 3D Data

When asked for Source X: select column 1 on the worksheet. When asked for Source Y: select column 2. When asked for Source Z: select column 3. Click Next

Select column 10 for Predicted: and select column 11 for Residuals:. Keep tick in box for Plot Results and click Next

Select column 12 for X column:., select column 13 for Y column: and select column 14 for Z column:. Keep tick in box for Create new graph and click Finish.

Choose Inverse Distance for the Smoother and give values of 0.1 for the Sampling Proportion and 1 for the Exponent. On the Options panel, choose 60

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x 60 for the Intervals and Nearest Neighbour for the Bandwidth method. Click Preview on the Smooth 3D Data panel.

Choose Inverse Distance for the Smoother and give values of 0.4 for the Sampling Proportion and 4 for the Exponent. Click OK on the Smooth 3D Data panel.

To add projected contours onto a plane, (as on the front of this exercise), use the following dialog box!

5Exercise 4 Draw Curve of 2D

Function54

This exercise is to draw a 2D curve which describes the following function:

y = cos ( m*x ) * sin (n*x)

where m and n are parameters and x has values between 0 and 720 degrees.

For the initial picture shown here, m = 8 and n = 1. There are other interesting curves, when we vary m and n.

When creating a curve for a 2D or a 3D function, one column is created containing a set of sample points for the independent variable (or, if it is a set of parameterised equations, for the parameter variable). Then the other columns are calculated using this column. You should try to have a reasonably large number for the sample points.

In this example, we have 145 sample points ranging from 0 to 720.

In this exercise, you will be proceeding through the following list of actions:

Using The Transform Dialog

Creating a 2D line plot

Adjusting the axis scales

Changing the parameters

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Using the Transform Dialog

If you have not left Sigmaplot, then close the old Notebook and start a new Notebook.

Click on the worksheet window to make it current.

Click the menu item Transforms | User Defined.

In Sigmaplot, transforms are sets of equations that manipulate and calculate data. To perform a transform, you enter variables and operators into a transform dialog. More information about transforms can be found in the Sigmaplot 8.0 Programming Guide.

Type in the lines shown above. You may need to remove any previous transforms.

The first two lines set up values for the parameters m and n. In the For loop, the sample values for x are calculated and stored in cells belonging to column 1. Then we can use values of x to work out the values for y and store them in the next column.

Make sure that Degrees are the chosen Trigonometric Units and then click Run. The first few lines of the worksheet are shown below:

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Creating a 2D line Plot Click the menu item Graph | Create Graph.

Select Line Plot then select Next.

Select Simple Straight Line then click Next.

Select XY Pair then select Next.

Select Column 1 on the worksheet for X, Column 2 for Y, and then click Finish. You should have created a 2D line plot like the one shown below:

Checkpoint 1


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Adjusting the Axis Scales Select the graph and then click the menu item Graph | Graph Properties.

Click the Axes tab. Choose the Scaling icon in the Settings for list.

For the axis XData, choose the Start value to 0 and the End value to 720.

For the axis YData, change the Start value to –1.0 and the End value to 1.0.

Resize the graph and zoom in.

Changing the Parameters Select the worksheet window and then click Transforms | User Defined.

Change the value for m to 8 and the value for n to 1 then click Run. You should obtain a picture similar to the one shown at the front of this exercise. Now give a value of 16 to m

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Try plotting the function y = cos(k*x)*cos(m*x)*sin(n*x) instead and give values of 4 for k, 8 for m and 0.5 for n

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6 Exercise 5 Draw Multiple Axes Plot This exercise is to draw the following:

There are many occasions when one wants to plot multiple datasets that have different orders of magnitude and hence axes with different scales are required. In this example, we have three plots, each of which has one line. We create three Y axes and each one of these axes is assigned to a different plot.

When a new plot is added to a graph, it is automatically assigned to the Y axis which is on the left of the graph. This axis adjusts its scales (if necessary) to accommodate the new dataset. If there is already a dataset assigned to that axis and if the datasets have different orders of magnitude, then one of the datasets may possibly disappear or become a straight horizontal line.


Adding data to the worksheet Creating the plots Adding new axes Changing the scales on the axes. Tidying up the graph

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Adding Data to the Worksheet Start Sigmaplot or start with a new Notebook.

Type the following data into the worksheet. Keep Column 2 blank.

Notice that even if you type integers into the worksheet, Sigmaplot uses 4 decimal places (by default) for each number. Look at the menu item Tools | Options and choose Numeric in the Settings for box. You can change both the format and number of decimal places for the display of numbers on a worksheet. However, once you make a change, Sigmaplot assumes you want to keep the new settings for all future worksheets so don't change these settings at present!

Use Transforms | User Defined to add a new column of data. You may need to remove any previous transforms. Use the following statement:

col ( 2 ) = ln ( col ( 4 ) )

The resultant worksheet should look like this:

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You have probably noticed that the columns 2, 3 and 4 have been arranged in order of magnitude. This was done deliberately so that you can see how the scales on the Y axis change to accommodate each new column of data.

You have to use Simple Straight Lines and not Multiple Straight Lines, when creating the graph because you want to create additional axes and associate them with individual plots, so each line has to be put into a separate plot.

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Creating the Plots Create a graph with a line plot using the data in columns 1 and 2.

Add two new line plots to the same graph: the first one for columns 1 and 3, the second one for columns 1 and 4.

The axis scales change both times to accommodate all the possible ranges and so one plot has now become a horizontal line.

Checkpoint 1


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Adding New AxesThe current Y axis is suitable for the data in column 4. We are about to add a new axis on the right which is linked to the second plot (i.e. the one using column 3).

Select the menu item Graph | Add Axis.

On the Add axis to which plot box, select Plot 2 then click Next.

On the Add X or Y axis box, select Yaxis then click Next.

On the Add axis to which side box, select Right then click Finish.

We are about to add a another axis but this time on the left which is linked to the first plot (i.e. the one using column 2)

Keep the graph selected and select the menu item Graph | Add Axis.

On the Add axis to which plot box, select Plot 1 then click Next.

On the Add X or Y axis box, select Yaxis then click Next.

On the Add axis to which side box, select Left Offset then click Finish.

You should have noted that each axis is associated with a plot. Each time you use Graph | Create Graph or Graph | Add Plot, you create a new plot which belongs to that graph. A plot can be a single line or a multiple line or a single set of symbols or multiple set of symbols or a single set of bars etc. So for example, a graph could have 4 plots. Plot1 could have 2 lines, Plot2 could have 3 lines, Plot3 could have 1 set of symbols and Plot 4 could have 2 sets of symbols. It would then be possible to have 4 sets of axes for the one graph, showing 5 lines and 3 sets of symbols. (In practice, of course, the resultant graph would be very confusing!)

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Checkpoint 2

If you have not obtained the picture above, then you can either load the file EX5CH2.JNB and start here or you could load the file EX5CH1.JNB and retrace the steps from Checkpoint 1.

Changing the Scales on the AxesSigmaplot chooses a large range for all the axes. To choose different scales and tick settings, you have to request Manual instead of Automatic in several places.

Double–click the YData axis. This is a way of opening the Graph Properties window. Notice that the Axes tab has been automatically selected and that the current axis is Ydata.

When making the following changes, you can use Apply or OK to see the effects on the graph. If you use OK, then you have to reopen the Graph Properties window or double–click an axis.

Choose Scaling in the Settings for list, and change Start and End values to 4200 and 24200.

Choose Ticks in the Settings for list. Ensure the Apply To box is set to Major Ticks. Click Manual for the Ticks in the Major Tick Intervals and change the interval (Every) to 4000 and the starting point (From) to 4200.

Keep the Axes tab selected and, for the Axis, choose Xdata.

Choose Scaling in the Settings for list and change the range from 10 to 50. Click OK to see the changes.

Double–click Yaxis 2. Choose Scaling in the Settings for list and change the range so that it is from 420 to 2920.

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Choose Ticks in the Settings for list. Set major ticks, using Manual, with interval of 500 and the starting point at 420. Click OK.

Double–click Yaxis 3. Choose Scaling in the Settings for list and change the range from 8.4 to 10.1.

Choose Ticks in the Settings for list. Set major ticks, using Manual, with interval of 0.34, and the starting point at 8.4. Click OK

Tidying up the Graph As an exercise, try to reproduce the picture below, without adding new plots

or deleting old ones. Note that the sets containing a line with connecting symbol and corresponding axis header are drawn in different colours. The lines are thickened and the axis headers are done in bold text. To change an axis title, double–click it.

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7 Exercise 6 The Histogram WizardThis exercise shows how to create a histogram with different bucket sizes.


Adding data to the worksheet

Using the Histogram Wizard

Making uneven buckets

Creating a Histogram with uneven buckets

Changing the tick labels

Creating a Regression Line and Confidence Lines.

Finding the Prediction lines and Correlation Coefficient

Importing Data to the Worksheet Start Sigmaplot and create a new notebook. Import the data file v:\

SigmaplotExs\exercises\exercise6.txt. There are two columns giving the age and cholesterol level of 100 people.

Promote the titles and your worksheet should look like the one shown below.

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Using the Histogram WizardA histogram for the Ages column only is our first objective.

Select Graph | Histogram

For the Source, select the 1–Age column. Select Column 3 (an empty column) for the Output column. The output actually requires two empty columns. Click Next.

Allow the number of buckets to be 10 and select Next.

Select Vertical Bar for the Graph Style and then Finish.

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Making Uneven BucketsInstead of the situation where all the buckets had the same size, we can have uneven buckets. In order to do this, we have to use the Histogram function.

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Return to the worksheet window. Notice that Column 3 and 4 contain the results of the first call to the Histogram function. In an empty column (use Column 5), type the following data:

30405055606570

Select Transforms | User Defined and remove any old transforms then type in the Transform window:

buckets = col(5)

col(6) = histogram (col(1),buckets)

Click Run. The histogram function produces a set of frequencies using the defined intervals (called buckets). In this particular case, the newly created Column 6 contains the frequencies using the following intervals:

Interval FrequencyUnder 30 17.000031 – 40 19.000041 – 50 22.000051 – 55 11.000056 – 60 10.000061 – 65 14.000066 – 70 6.0000over 70 0.0000

Since there happens to be no one over 70, delete that last cell from column 6.

Creating a Histogram with Uneven Buckets To create a histogram, first select the old histogram and delete it.

Click Graph | Create Graph

Create a vertical bar chart, using the data in column (6) only.

Checkpoint 1


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Changing the Tick LabelsIn Sigmaplot, you can insert labels into a column on a worksheet and use that column for tick labels on an axis.

Insert into Column 7 the tick labels for the intervals on the histogram.

Now we want to reproduce the picture on the next page ….

Select the Graph Page window and then click Graph | Graph Properties and change the title and remove the legend.

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Click the Plots tab and change the Settings for Widths, choosing a bar thickness of 100%.

Click the Axes tab and choose the axis for X Data.

Choose the Settings for Tick Labels, check that Major Ticks has been selected and change the Type to Column 7.

Change the Axis labels, XData and YData, to Age and Frequency.

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Creating a Regression Line and Confidence Lines To create a new graph page, on the Notebook panel, right-click Section 1 of

the current notebook. On the dialog box, click New then click Graph Page.

Reply Yes when you are asked if you want to create a new graph. Create a scatter plot showing the relationship between Age and Cholesterol like the one shown below. Notice the axis labels and scales have been changed.

Click Graph | Linear Regression. The Order is 1. You want All Data in Plot to be considered in the Regression. Also, click Extend to Axes option.

Click the Confidence Intervals tab, keep the method at 95% and click the little box by Confidence Intervals. Click OK

Confidence intervals describe the range where the regression line will appear a percentage of time for repeated measurements. In other words, we are 95% confident that in another sample of the same size the regression line will be between the two confidence curves.

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Finding Prediction Intervals and Correlation CoefficientPrediction intervals describe the range where the data will appear a percentage of time for repeated measurements.

Return to the Linear Regression dialog box and click the Confidence Intervals tab, keep the method at 95% and click the little box by Prediction Intervals. Switch off the Confidence Intervals by clicking the little box. Click OK. Note that nearly all the data falls within this range.

Does this dataset provide evidence of a correlation between Age and Cholesterol? To show this, return to the Linear Regression dialog box and click the Results tab. The correlation coefficient is shown on the list of results

r ² 0.7197027271

This shows it is a fair prediction to say that there is a dependency relationship between Age and Cholesterol.

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Optional Exercise Try to reproduce the following picture. The data is in a file called vib.txt

stored in v:\SigmaplotExs\exercises. The first column stores the X values. The column e0 represents the Y values for the graph on the left and the column e5 represents the Y values for the graph on the right.

Hints:

Use White–spaced for the field format when importing.

Select Edit | Select All and increase decimal places to 6 for all the cells in worksheet (Format | Cells)

First, create graph on left which is a line plot of x vs e0

Use Log(common) scaling for axes and change scaling on axes.

Add grid lines (both major and minor), remove legend, change title.

Thicken axes and plot.

Copy and paste graph then move second graph to the right.

Select second graph and open Graph Properties window. Click the Plots tab then the Graph Wizard button and change the data to be plotted.

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Appendix 1 Workbook DatasetsThe following dataset is used in Exercise 1

X Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y55 17.7 14.7 18.2 17.2 10.810 14.2 12.1 19.1 16.2 13.215 11 13.4 17.6 17.3 13.720 14.2 15.6 17.6 16.9 12.525 19.2 12.1 12.7 15 13.130 18.7 9.8 16.6 12.8 10.735 6.2 8.8 10.9 14.5 11.340 5.5 9.9 15.5 15.5 12.145 11.6 12.5 16.2 18.1 10.650 11.9 8.3 15.2 12.7 9.855 6.2 14.2 18.1 11.2 10.560 18.9 11.2 16.2 12.8 1165 14.2 10.9 16.9 12.9 11.770 15.5 14.8 17 13.4 10.575 6.9 12.1 16.2 12.7 11.980 17.8 9.5 17.7 12.2 13.185 14.8 12.1 19 10.9 9.990 21.4 12.5 18.2 13.8 10.295 17.5 16 16.9 15 11.9100 17.346 14.406 17.836 16.856 10.584105 13.916 11.858 18.718 15.876 12.936110 10.78 13.132 17.248 16.954 13.426115 13.916 15.288 17.248 16.562 12.25120 18.816 11.858 12.446 14.7 12.838125 18.326 9.604 16.268 12.544 10.486130 6.076 8.624 10.682 14.21 11.074135 5.39 9.702 15.19 15.19 11.858140 11.368 12.25 15.876 17.738 10.388145 11.662 8.134 14.896 12.446 9.604150 6.076 13.916 17.738 10.976 10.29155 18.522 10.976 15.876 12.544 10.78160 13.916 10.682 16.562 12.642 11.466165 15.19 14.504 16.66 13.132 10.29170 6.762 11.858 15.876 12.446 11.662175 17.444 9.31 17.346 11.956 12.838180 14.504 11.858 18.62 10.682 9.702185 20.972 12.25 17.836 13.524 9.996190 17.15 15.68 16.562 14.7 11.662195 16.9991 14.1179 17.4793 16.5189 10.3723200 13.6377 11.6208 18.3436 15.5585 12.6773

The following dataset is used in Exercise 2

X Y-mean Ymin Ymax2 36 34 394 39 35 427 44 39 4810 52 46 5712 64 58 7314 81 72 87

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0 0 04 -42 -2.713296.53333 -36.4667 -3.44469.06667 -30.9333 -3.7873411.6 -25.4 -4.0972114.1333 -19.8667 -6.1570416.6667 -14.3333 -16.200519.2 -8.8 -45.934321.7333 -3.26667 -92.672624.2667 2.26667 -130.14326.8 7.8 -140.92329.3333 13.3333 -110.02531.8667 18.8667 -7.6341334.4 24.4 92.735136.9333 29.9333 113.672


AGE Cholesterol AGE Cholesterol AGE Cholesterol24 106 46 186 66 19363 261 36 107 45 14634 160 47 196 26 9939 149 59 227 39 16446 186 39 108 54 16150 230 44 191 44 15758 228 38 182 51 16038 116 56 268 50 14136 104 51 155 61 28049 210 61 171 27 11550 161 24 75 50 17436 127 52 232 59 22950 223 64 197 51 18433 101 62 180 41 16335 137 31 106 26 11627 91 58 270 58 25250 177 62 202 62 20232 125 68 196 24 9341 122 33 153 32 9827 128 24 69 23 8064 231 41 195 61 23861 258 40 132 21 8166 238 32 128 33 13966 244 63 175 66 26758 231 27 87 39 10841 121 52 238 24 10752 220 59 229 53 16354 232 58 164 62 25654 159 47 224 23 7727 130 50 169 65 23054 174 28 91 46 21526 121 42 123 58 18267 295

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This dataset is the one used in the Optional Exercise. Not all the rows are shown here."x" "e0" "e1" "e2" "e3" "e4" "e5" 0.1 1.0101 1.0101 1.0101 1.0101 1.01 1.0097 0.10476 1.0111 1.0111 1.0111 1.0111 1.011 1.0106 0.10975 1.0122 1.0122 1.0122 1.0122 1.012 1.0116 0.11498 1.0134 1.0134 1.0134 1.0134 1.0132 1.0127 0.12045 1.0147 1.0147 1.0147 1.0147 1.0145 1.0139 0.12619 1.0162 1.0162 1.0162 1.0161 1.0159 1.0152 0.13219 1.0178 1.0178 1.0178 1.0177 1.0175 1.0166 0.13849 1.0196 1.0196 1.0195 1.0195 1.0192 1.0181 0.14508 1.0215 1.0215 1.0215 1.0214 1.021 1.0198 0.15199 1.0236 1.0236 1.0236 1.0236 1.0231 1.0216 0.15923 1.026 1.026 1.026 1.0259 1.0253 1.0235 0.16681 1.0286 1.0286 1.0286 1.0285 1.0278 1.0256 0.17475 1.0315 1.0315 1.0315 1.0313 1.0305 1.0279 0.18307 1.0347 1.0347 1.0346 1.0345 1.0335 1.0304 0.19179 1.0382 1.0382 1.0381 1.038 1.0368 1.033 0.20092 1.0421 1.0421 1.042 1.0418 1.0403 1.0359 0.21049 1.0464 1.0463 1.0463 1.046 1.0443 1.039 0.22051 1.0511 1.0511 1.051 1.0507 1.0486 1.0423 0.23101 1.0564 1.0563 1.0562 1.0559 1.0533 1.0458 0.24201 1.0622 1.0622 1.0621 1.0616 1.0585 1.0495 0.25354 1.0687 1.0686 1.0685 1.0679 1.0641 1.0535 0.26561 1.0759 1.0758 1.0757 1.075 1.0704 1.0577 0.27826 1.0839 1.0839 1.0836 1.0828 1.0772 1.0622 0.29151 1.0929 1.0928 1.0925 1.0914 1.0846 1.0669 0.30539 1.1029 1.1027 1.1024 1.1011 1.0928 1.0718 0.31993 1.114 1.1139 1.1135 1.1119 1.1018 1.077 0.33516 1.1265 1.1264 1.1259 1.1239 1.1115 1.0823 0.35112 1.1406 1.1404 1.1398 1.1373 1.1222 1.0878 ……………….……………….……………….……………….3.9442 0.068697 0.07382 0.08737 0.12757 0.2698 0.48026 4.132 0.062214 0.067294 0.080603 0.11955 0.25616 0.46058 4.3288 0.056376 0.061413 0.074479 0.11219 0.24332 0.44153 4.5349 0.051111 0.056106 0.068928 0.10542 0.23122 0.42312 4.7508 0.04636 0.051314 0.063888 0.099169 0.21981 0.40535 4.977 0.042068 0.046981 0.059305 0.093395 0.20903 0.3882 5.214 0.038189 0.043059 0.055131 0.088049 0.19884 0.37167 5.4623 0.034678 0.039507 0.051323 0.08309 0.18921 0.35575 5.7224 0.031501 0.036288 0.047844 0.07848 0.18009 0.34044 5.9948 0.028622 0.033366 0.04466 0.074188 0.17145 0.32572 6.2803 0.026013 0.030714 0.041742 0.070186 0.16326 0.31156 6.5793 0.023648 0.028303 0.039064 0.066447 0.1555 0.29798 6.8926 0.021502 0.026111 0.036602 0.062949 0.14814 0.28493 7.2208 0.019554 0.024117 0.034335 0.059673 0.14114 0.27242 7.5646 0.017786 0.0223 0.032244 0.056599 0.1345 0.26041 7.9248 0.01618 0.020644 0.030313 0.053712 0.12819 0.24891 8.3022 0.014722 0.019133 0.028527 0.050997 0.1222 0.23789 8.6975 0.013396 0.017753 0.026872 0.048441 0.1165 0.22733 9.1116 0.012192 0.016493 0.025337 0.046032 0.11107 0.21721 9.5455 0.011097 0.01534 0.02391 0.043759 0.10591 0.20753 10.0 0.010101 0.014284 0.022582 0.041614 0.101 0.19827

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Appendix 2 Local Setup of SigmaplotTo install Sigmaplot:

Logon to the Managed Windows Service (MWS).

Select Start on the Taskbar. Choose Install University Applications then Graphics from the list of Categories.

Click on Sigmaplot 11.1. Reboot if necessary.

Note that we no longer create a special working directory on your M: drive. By default, Sigmaplot notebooks and plot files are stored in various directories in m:\documents.

To run Sigmaplot, you can:

Click Start on the taskbar at the bottom and then click Programs. Click Sigmaplot and choose Sigmaplot 11.1.

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Appendix 3 Printing from SigmaplotSigmaplot is integrated with Windows. However, Sigmaplot only allows you to choose a paper size from the ones associated with the currently selected printer. For example, if your current default printer is the A4 laser printer, then you would be allowed to choose only A4 or smaller.

If you want to use a printer which has a different paper size from the ones available on your current default printer, then you have to make that printer your current default printer before using Sigmaplot. You should do this before starting a new graph. This is unfortunate since it means you have to remember to switch back to the original default printer: To change the current default printer,

Click Start | Settings | Printers and choose the printer that you want to use. On the dialog box for that printer, click Printer | Set as Default Printer and then click OK

In Sigmaplot, you can now change the paper size to the most suitable for your chosen printer.

When a graph or chart is first created, you should select File | Page Setup and select a page size suitable for the printer that you want to use. This step should be done at this stage since it is possible that, after making alterations and then choosing a new paper size or orientation, the layout of the presentation will be spoilt.

To obtain a hardcopy, select File | Print

You should check that the correct orientation and paper size have been set for your chosen printer by selecting Properties.

Note that each time you open the graph or chart in Sigmaplot, you have to remember to change to the correct printer, beforehand. If you forget, Sigmaplot resets the paper size to one suitable for your current default printer.

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