SIEMENS GT COMPRESSOR & SIEMENS GT COMPRESSOR & TURBINETURBINE

SIEMENS GAS TURBINE V94.2

ROTOR

Function of RotorFunction of Rotor

To carries the compressor & To carries the compressor & turbine blades.turbine blades.

Compressor convert the torque Compressor convert the torque into kinetic energyinto kinetic energy

Turbine convert the kinetic Turbine convert the kinetic energy into torque.energy into torque.

Components of the Components of the RotorRotor

1.1. Front hollow shaftFront hollow shaft2.2. Balance planesBalance planes3.3. Compressor wheelCompressor wheel4.4. Central hollow shaftCentral hollow shaft5.5. Turbine wheelTurbine wheel6.6. Rear hollow shaftRear hollow shaft7.7. Tie rodTie rod8.8. Damping ring Damping ring 9.9. O-ring sealO-ring seal

Function of Function of Compressor Stator Compressor Stator BladesBlades To deflect the air stream passing To deflect the air stream passing

through the blade passages in a through the blade passages in a direction of rotation of the rotor.direction of rotation of the rotor.

VIGV to vary the inlet air flow. VIGV to vary the inlet air flow. This improve the efficiency of the This improve the efficiency of the unit under part load condition.unit under part load condition.

Compressor Stator Blade

Airfoil

Dovetail root

Stator Blade

carrier

Outer ring

Inner

ringDouble hook

Variable Inlet Guide Vane

Airfoil

Pin

Pin

Stator Blade

carrier

Outer ring

Inner

ring

Function of Function of Compressor StatorCompressor Stator To secure the stator blades rings To secure the stator blades rings

with the stator blades in position.with the stator blades in position. To transmit the reaction forces To transmit the reaction forces

due to flow & pressure to the due to flow & pressure to the outer casingouter casing

The VIGV is to vary the sucked-in The VIGV is to vary the sucked-in air mass flow & to improve the air mass flow & to improve the partial load efficiency.partial load efficiency.

VIGV ADJUSTING SYSTEM

MOTOR

SET RING BEARING

TRANSMISSION ROD

Function of Function of Compressor Rotor Compressor Rotor BladesBlades To convert mechanical energy To convert mechanical energy

into kinetic & potential energy of into kinetic & potential energy of the air. the air.

To pressurize the air. (16 stages)To pressurize the air. (16 stages)

(compression ratio: 1 : 10)(compression ratio: 1 : 10)

Compressor Rotor Blade

Airfoil

Blade root

Blow-off valvesBlow-off valves

3 Blow-off valves.3 Blow-off valves. 2 blow-off valves at stage 52 blow-off valves at stage 5 Blow-off V1.1 & 1.2 close at 2900rpmBlow-off V1.1 & 1.2 close at 2900rpm 1 blow-off valve at stage 101 blow-off valve at stage 10

Blow-off V2 close at 2300rpmBlow-off V2 close at 2300rpm To prevent compressor surge.To prevent compressor surge. Surge : Air flow unstable, hunting Surge : Air flow unstable, hunting

& causes vibration.& causes vibration.

Compressor surge Compressor surge protectionprotection

GT will trip whenGT will trip when Speed more than 42 Hz Speed more than 42 Hz

(2520rpm) and(2520rpm) and Differential pressure less than Differential pressure less than

30mbar30mbar

DP SW

Comp Surge Protection Speed > 2520rpm(42Hz)DP < 30 mbar GT trip

Compressor 2nd Stage

Air fromfilter house

Drain

COMPRESSOR SURGE PROTECTION

Compressor Technical Compressor Technical DataData Compressor flow rate : Compressor flow rate : 468kg/s468kg/s Compressor ratio :Compressor ratio : 1 : 101 : 10 Compressor stages :Compressor stages : 1616 Compressor outlet press :Compressor outlet press : 10 bars10 bars Compressor outlet temp :Compressor outlet temp :330330 deg deg CC Blow-off valves :Blow-off valves : 33

Blow-off valve 1.1 & 1.2 at stage 5 Blow-off valve 1.1 & 1.2 at stage 5 close at speed :close at speed : 2900rpm2900rpmBlow-off valve 2 at stage 10Blow-off valve 2 at stage 10 close at speed : close at speed : 2300rpm2300rpm

Function of Turbine Function of Turbine Rotor BladesRotor Blades To convert the thermal energy of To convert the thermal energy of

the hot gas into mechanical the hot gas into mechanical energy. (4 stages)energy. (4 stages)

To drive the compressor & the To drive the compressor & the generator.generator.

Turbine rotor blades.Turbine rotor blades.

They are made from high temperature They are made from high temperature alloys to withstand the high alloys to withstand the high mechanical & thermal stress.mechanical & thermal stress.

The first stage rotor blades are cast The first stage rotor blades are cast hollow blades with ducts for guiding hollow blades with ducts for guiding the cooling air.the cooling air.

The 2The 2ndnd stage rotor blades are provided stage rotor blades are provided with several ducts extending radial with several ducts extending radial through the airfoil.through the airfoil.

The blades are coated to reduce high The blades are coated to reduce high temperature corrosion.temperature corrosion.

Turbine rotor blade

Cooling air inlet Cooling

air outlet

Hottest at bigger end (4)

Function of Turbine Function of Turbine Stator Stator To secure the stator blades in To secure the stator blades in

position.position. To transmit the reaction forces To transmit the reaction forces

due to flow & pressure to the due to flow & pressure to the outer casing.outer casing.

Function of Turbine Function of Turbine Stator BladesStator Blades Together with the rotor blades, Together with the rotor blades,

the turbine stator blades convert the turbine stator blades convert the energy of the working fluid the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.into mechanical energy.

Function of Center Function of Center CasingCasing To connect stator blade carrier to To connect stator blade carrier to

the exhaust casing.the exhaust casing. To contain the internal pressure.To contain the internal pressure. To accommodate the compressor To accommodate the compressor

& turbine internals.& turbine internals. To connect the combustion To connect the combustion

chambers.chambers.

Function of Exhaust Function of Exhaust CasingCasing To support the bearing at the To support the bearing at the

turbine end.turbine end. To provide flow paths for the gas.To provide flow paths for the gas. Act as stationary diffuser to Act as stationary diffuser to

minimize the exhaust loss.minimize the exhaust loss.

Function of Exhaust Function of Exhaust DiffuserDiffuser To pass the exhaust gas into the To pass the exhaust gas into the

stack or HRSGstack or HRSG To decrease the gas velocity & To decrease the gas velocity &

resulting in a rise in static resulting in a rise in static pressure.pressure.

Function of Inner Function of Inner CasingCasing To direct the flow of hot gas from To direct the flow of hot gas from

the two combustion chambers to the two combustion chambers to the turbine blades.the turbine blades.

To provide compressor air To provide compressor air passing over its outer surface of passing over its outer surface of all sides.all sides.

Function of Function of Compressor Shaft Compressor Shaft GlandsGlands To prevent the ingestion of air To prevent the ingestion of air

containing oil at the compressor containing oil at the compressor intake.intake.

To reduce the internal leakage losses To reduce the internal leakage losses between the individual stages at the between the individual stages at the inner diameter of the stator blades.inner diameter of the stator blades.

To adjust the flow of seal air to the To adjust the flow of seal air to the turbine inlet at the compressor exit.turbine inlet at the compressor exit.

Compressor bearing housing

Shaft Gland

Shim

Stator blade row Seal air duct

Rotor disc

Labyrinth sealFront hollow shaft

9 Central hollow shaft

10 Ducts

11 Labyrinth seal

12 Compressor exhaust diffuser

13 Protective liner

Function of Turbine Function of Turbine Shaft GlandsShaft Glands To minimize the clearance losses.To minimize the clearance losses. To prevent the hot gases from To prevent the hot gases from

leaking through the spaces leaking through the spaces between the stator & rotor.between the stator & rotor.

The shaft gland at the turbine exit The shaft gland at the turbine exit prevents the escape of the hot gas prevents the escape of the hot gas into the atmosphere & the ingress into the atmosphere & the ingress of seal air into the bearing space.of seal air into the bearing space.

1 Second-stage stator blade

2 Third-stage stator blade

3 Fourth-stage stator blade

4 X-ring

5 Seal ring

6 L-ring

7 Inner shroud

8 Hole

9 L-ring

10 Inner shroud

11 Hole

Function of Cooling & Function of Cooling & Seal AirSeal Air To cool turbine rotor & stator To cool turbine rotor & stator

metal temperature to below metal temperature to below permissible operating permissible operating temperature.temperature.

To protect components not To protect components not designed for high temperature designed for high temperature application from direct contact application from direct contact with the combustion gas flow.with the combustion gas flow.

Function of Function of Compressor Bearing Compressor Bearing HousingHousing To support the rotor & the To support the rotor & the

turbine/ compressor unit.turbine/ compressor unit. It forms part of the outer casing & It forms part of the outer casing &

connect stator blade carrier to the connect stator blade carrier to the compressor intake casing.compressor intake casing.

Function of Turbine Function of Turbine Bearing HousingBearing Housing

To support the rotor in the To support the rotor in the exhaust casing.exhaust casing.

To house the turbine bearingTo house the turbine bearing

Function of Combine Function of Combine Journal & Thrust Journal & Thrust bearing bearing Support the rotor at the Support the rotor at the

compressor end.compressor end. To compensate the axial thrust &To compensate the axial thrust & To locate the rotor in axial To locate the rotor in axial

position.position.

Function of Journal Function of Journal BearingBearing To support the rotor in the To support the rotor in the

bearing housing at the turbine bearing housing at the turbine end.end.