SIDL No La City Council Crime

8/9/2019 SIDL No La City Council Crime

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SPATIALINFORMATIONDESIGNLAB

City Council ofNew OrleansCriminal Justice

Committee MeetingJuly 12, 2007


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JUSTICEREINVESTMENTCENTRALCITY

Rebuilding

Communityin Post-KatrinaNew Orleans


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A CITY IS NOTSIMPLY A COLLECTIONOF PEOPLE ORBUILDINGS BUT

RATHERA NETWORKOF RELATIONSHIPS


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CITY

Criminal

Justice

Public

Health

Housing

Education

Civic

Institutions

Cultural

Institutions


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INFORMATION ABOUT THEELEMENTSOF THESE NETWORKSIS CONSTANTLY

EXCHANGED ANDPRODUCED WITHIN ANDBETWEEN THEM.


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Data

People

Built Environment

Policy

Design


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INFRASTRUCTURE : THEBASIC FACILITIES, SERVICES

AND INSTALLATIONS NEEDEDFOR THE FUNCTIONING OF ACOMMUNITY OR A SOCIETY,

SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION ANDCOMMUNICATION SYSYTEMS,WATER AND POWER LINES, AND

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS INCLUDINGSCHOOLS, POST OFFICES ANDPRISONS. American Heritage Dictionary


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PRISONSARE PART OF

INFRASTRUCTURE, BUTBECAUSE THEY ARE NOTIN THE CITY, WE FORGET

THEM.PRISONS AND THE

PEOPLE THEY HOUSEARE PART OF OUR URBANCOMMUNITIES.


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PRISON POPULATION IN

THE UNITED STATES ROSEFROM 200,000 IN 1970 TOUPWARDS OF 2 MILLION

PEOPLE IN 2000.


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0

100

200

300

400

500

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1931 20051970

1931 20051970


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WHO IS INCARCERATED

AND WHERE DO THEYCOME FROM?

SPECIFIC DATA ABOUTINDIVIDUALS (PRIVACYPROTECTED)

SET IN GEOGRAPHICCONTEXT


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WHAT ARE THE COSTS OFINCARCERATION?

NEW ORLEANS 2003-2006

BEFORE AND AFTERKATRINA

TWO KEY CONCEPTS:MILLION DOLLAR BLOCKSJUSTICE REINVESTMENT


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2003


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DATA IN GEOGRAPHICCONTEXT SHOWSPEOPLE IN PRISONARE HIGHLY

CONCENTRATEDIN SPECIFICNEIGHBORHOODS.


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PRISON GEOGRAPHIESINTERSECT WITHGEOGRAPHIES OFPOVERTY AND RACE.


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PLANNING DISTRICTS % POPULATION % POVERTY

Planning District 12 10.65% 9.70 %

Planning District 7 8.58 % 10.58%

Planning District 1 1.24 % 0.82 %

Planning District 2 10.07% 16.07%









CITY TOTAL 100.00% 100.00%


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OVERALL, IT COST

$42 MILLION DOLLARSTO IMPRISON PEOPLEFROM NEW ORLEANS

IN 2003.


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BUT THOSE COSTS ARE

NOT DISTRIBUTED EVENLYACROSS THE CITY.PRISON EXPENDITURES,

LIKE PRISONERS,ARE CONCENTRATED INVERY FEW

NEIGHBORHOODS.


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CENTRAL CITY HAD 4.0%OF NEW ORLEANSPOPULATION AND 8.0% OFITS PRISON ADMISSIONS.

IT COST $4,317,200TO INCARCERATE PEOPLEFROM CENTRAL CITY

IN 2003.


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B.W. COOPER HAD 0.9%OF NEW ORLEANSPOPULATION AND 3.0% OFITS PRISON ADMISSIONS.

IT COST $1,132,380TO INCARCERATE PEOPLEFROM B.W. COOPER

IN 2003.


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IT COST $1,337,800TO INCARCERATE PEOPLEFROM THIS AREA IN 2003.WE CALL THIS A

MILLION DOLLARNEIGHBORHOOD.


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THESE MILLIONS AREBEING SPENT ONTHE NEIGHBORHOOD,BUT NOT IN IT.


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ON A FINANCIAL SCALE,PRISON CAN BE SAID TOBE THE PREDOMINANTGOVERNING INSTITUTION

IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD,BUT THE MONEY GOESELSEWHERE.


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AND THE PRISONERSCOME HOME.UP TO 50%OF THOSEWHO COME HOMEAREEVENTUALLY RETURNEDTO PRISON.


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0

10

15

20

25

30

0 10985 64 7321

Number of Years until Returning Home

Percent

of

Total

Prison

Admissions

New Orleans Prison Admissions in 2003


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NATIONALLY, 650,000PEOPLE RETURN HOMEFROM PRISON EVERYYEAR.


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THERE ARE STRATEGIESFOR INTERRUPTING WHAT

IS IN EFFECT A CYCLE OFMIGRATION BACK ANDFORTH BETWEEN THESENEIGHBORHOODS ANDPRISON

WE CALL THISJUSTICE REINVESTMENT.


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2006


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SINCE KATRINA, THESPATIAL PATTERNS OFINHABITATION, CRIME,INCARCERATION, AND

PRISONER REENTRYHAVE SHIFTED.


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CRIME GEOGRAPHIESLEAD TO CRIME

PREVENTION TACTICS.


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PRISONGEOGRAPHIESSHOULD LEAD TO

JUSTICE REINVESTMENTSTRATEGIES.


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POST-KATRINAPOPULATION IS BEING

ESTIMATED BY THEDISTRIBUTION OFUTILITY USAGE.THE UTILITY MAP SHOWS

UNEVEN PATTERNS OFRETURN.


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PLANNING DISTRICTS % POPULATION % OF PRE-KATRINAPOPULATION

6.66 %

16.96 %

23.27 %

11.82%

5.73 %6.76 %

7.62 %

0.43 %

8.39 %1.71 %

10.00%

0.94 %

93 %

77 %

35 %

50 %

39 %35 %

46 %

6 %

73 %42 %

67 %

29 %

CITY TOTAL 100.00% 100.00%

Planning District 12

Planning District 7

Planning District 1

Planning District 2

Planning District 6Planning District 5

Planning District 8

Planning District 4


Planning District 9

Planning District 3



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OVERALL, IT COST$14 MILLION DOLLARSTO IMPRISON PEOPLEFROM NEW ORLEANS

IN 2006.

G OS COS S


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AGAIN THOSE COSTS ARECONCENTRATED IN VERY

FEW NEIGHBORHOODS.

O G O


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OF NEW ORLEANS

IN 2006, ALTHOUGH ONLY57% OF ITS POPULATIONHAD RETURNED,CENTRAL CITY HAD 5.4%

POPULATION, AND 12.9% OFITS PRISON ADMISSIONS.

IT COST $1,119,220 TOTO INCARCERATE PEOPLEFROM CENTRAL CITY IN 2006.


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EVEN THOUGH ITS


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EVEN THOUGH ITSPRISON POPULATION HASSHIFTED LOCATION,CENTRAL CITY STILL

SHOWS ONE OF THEHIGHESTCONCENTRATIONS OF

PRISON POPULATIONS INTHE CITY.

WHAT IF THE REBUILDING


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WHAT IF THE REBUILDINGPROCESS WORKED TOSTRENGTHENCOMMUNITIES, CHANGE

THE PATTERNS OFINCARCERATION, ANDBREAK THE CYCLE OF

REENTRY AND RETURN TOPRISON?

WOULD THE CITY LOOK


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WOULD THE CITY LOOKDIFFERENT?

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE


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WHAT STRUCTURES AREALREADY IN PLACE TO

INITIATE AJUSTICE REINVESTMENTSTRATEGY?


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0

10

15

20

25

0 10985 64 7321

Number of Years until Returning Home

Percent

of

TotalP

rison

Admissions

New Orleans Prison Admissions in 2006

30


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John Singleton Middle School

adjudicated, blighted andvacant properties

parcels

institutions

educational

health

criminal justice

cultural

recreational

commercial

religious

urban development

public housing

open

closed

cemetery

parks and gardens

Dryades YMCA +John Singleton Charter School +Dynasty Alternative School +School of Commerce +Early Childhood Education Center

Non-profit Incubator

Central City Head Start

Van McMurray Park

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Charter School

Central City Mental Health Clinic

Edna Pilsbury Health Clinic +Health Care for the Homeless Main Clinic

Allie Mae Williams Multi-Service Center +Central City Partnership

Safe and Smart Afterschool

& Summer Camp

St. John the Baptist Catholic Church &Community Center +After School Assembly & Childcare

New Orleans Mission +LSUHSC Student Run Homeless Clinic

Parkway Partners

Juvenile Justice Program of Louisiana

6th District Police StationCaf Reconcile

Berean Presbyterian Church +Berean Head StartWilliam J. Guste Houses

Dryades Head Start

Castle Rock Community Church +Urban Impact Ministries

Living Witness Ministries +Kids Caf

Clear Head Learning Center

Mt. Zion United Methodist Church +MLK Head Start

William J. Guste Elementary School

Booker T. Washington High School +School-based Clinic

John Singleton Middle School

Thomy Lafon Elementary School

C.J. Peete Homes

Carter Woodson Middle School

A.L. Davis Playground Park

Taylor Center Park

John Hoffman Elementary School

New Orleans High School Signature Center

Florence Chester Elementary School

Sylvanie Williams Elementary School

B.W. Cooper Homes

Winn Dixie Supermarket

Ash Cultural Arts Center +Barristers Gallery +Central City Renaissance Alliance

New Hope Baptist Church +Louisiana Dept. of Education Afterschool Tutoring

United Way

Guste Home Clinic

Office of Health Promotion

Toledano Community Home

Subway

Burger Orleans

McDonaldsPizza HutSuper Discount Gas

Kentucky Fried Chicken

1st Steps Child DevelopmentCenter

Family Dental Clinic

Discount City

existing community institutions and services, and vacant/adjudicated/blighted parcels

Produced by the Spatial Information Design Lab

GSAPP, Columbia University


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PUBLIC

SCHOOL

NETWORK

IDEA/

ORGANIZATIONAL

NETWORK

HOUSING

NETWORK

JuvenileJustice

Program ofLouisiana

Non-ProfitIncubator

JusticeReinvestmentIntermediary

Central CityRenaissance

Alliance

Central CityPartnership

Dryades YMCA United Way

James M.Singleton

Charter School

School ofCommerce

DynastyAlternative

School

SylvanieWilliams

ElementarySchool

Ash CulturalArts Center /

BarristersGallery

Caf Reconcile

Home Depot

Allie Mae

Williams Multi-Service Center

ParkwayPartners

KidsLiving

Min

KIPP CentralCity Academy

Carter

WoodsonMiddle School

Harney

ElementarySchool

BuInc

SupportedHousing for

Re-Entry

Public Housing

ALTHOUGH MANY OF


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ALTHOUGH MANY OFTHESE PLACES,INSTITUTIONS, ANDSERVICES ARE

GEOGRAPHICALLYSEPARATE, THEY CAN BELINKED IN NEW

COMMUNITY NETWORKS.

CONNECTING


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CONNECTING

HOSPITALS AND CLINICSSCHOOLSHOUSINGCULTURECIVIC LIFE

CAN RENEWCOMMUNITIES.

IDEA LINKING HOSPITALS


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IDEA: LINKING HOSPITALSAND HEALTH CLINICS TOOTHER COMMUNITYINSTITUTIONS (FOOD

MARKETS, LIBRARIES,CHURCHES, SCHOOLS)IMPROVES

HEALTHCARE DELIVERYAND STRENGTHENSNEIGBORHOODS.


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PROPOSAL: CONNECT


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PROPOSAL: CONNECTNEIGHBORHOODCLINICS, INSTITUTIONALLYAND PHYSICALLY, WITH

SCHOOLS, SHELTERS,SUPPORTIVE HOUSINGAND COMMUNITY

CENTERS.


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IDEA:


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IDEA:SUPORT O.C HAYLEYBOULEVARDS EXISTINGINNOVATIVEDEVELOPMENT PATTERNTO EXPAND ITS CAPACITYTO BREAK THE CYCLE OF

INCARCERATION,REENTRY AND RETURN TOPRISON.


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ORETHA CASTLE HAYLEY


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ORETHA CASTLE HAYLEYBOULEVARD ISBEING REVITALIZED,ECONOMICALLY ANDSOCIALLY, BY SMALLCRIMINAL JUSTICEORIENTED NON-PROFIT

ORGANIZATIONS.


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THE ASHE CULTURAL


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THE ASHE CULTURALCENTER RUNS AFTER-

SCHOOL PROGRAMS FORAT-RISK YOUNG PEOPLE.

HALF A DOZEN OTHERSIMILAR INSTITUTIONSMAKE THE BOULEVARDVIBRANT.


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IN 2003 $11 654 000 WAS


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IN 2003 $11,654,000 WASINVESTED IN ALL OFCENTRAL CITY BY BANKS,WHILE $8,058,000 WASSPENT HOUSING 510NEIGHBORHOODRESIDENTS IN PRISON.

IF THE SAME 510 PEOPLE


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IF THE SAME 510 PEOPLEWERE EMPLOYED AT THELOW RATE OF $8.00 PERHOUR, IT WOULD COSTROUGHLY THE SAME$8,384,440 DOLLARS.

THIS WOULD BE CALLEDJUSTICE REINVESTMENT.

IDEA: CONNECTING


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IDEA: CONNECTINGSCHOOLS TO LOCAL

INSTITUTIONS CAN BUILDPERSONAL ANDPHYSICAL NETWORKS TO

CREATE MORE ROBUSTCOMMUNITIES.

IN 2003 25% OF THE


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IN 2003 25% OF THEPEOPLE ADMITTED TO

PRISON WERE BETWEENTHE AGES OF 16-24.

IN 2003 46% OF CENTRAL


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IN 2003 46% OF CENTRALCITY RESIDENTS HAD

HIGH SCHOOLDIPLOMAS.

ALL BUT ONE SCHOOLWAS RATEDUNACCEPTABLE.


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U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

W

W

W

W

W

W

W




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James SingletonMiddle School

Carter WoodsonMiddle School

Thomy LafonElementary School

Lawrence CrockerElementary School

New Orleans HighSchool Signature Center

Edgar Harney

Elementary School

John HoffmanElementary School

Sylvanie WilliamsElementary School

Booker T.WashingtonHigh School

William GusteElementary School

Andrew JacksonElementary School

LaurelElementary School

Rabouin CareerMagnet High School

Florence ChesterElementary School

S.J. GreenMiddle School

Walter CohenHigh School

Andrew WilsonElementary School

Prison admissions total:

School admissions total:

156

3,765




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James SingletonMiddle School

Carter WoodsonMiddle School

Thomy LafonElementary School

Lawrence CrockerElementary School

New Orleans HighSchool Signature Center

Edgar Harney

Elementary School



Booker T.WashingtonHigh School


Andrew JacksonElementary School


Rabouin CareerMagnet High School

Florence ChesterElementary School

S.J. GreenMiddle School

Walter CohenHigh School

Andrew WilsonElementary School

Prison expenditure total (2003):

Cost per prisoner per year:$15,800

School expenditure total (2003):

Cost per student per year:

$7,300

$5,414,202

$27,469,440



IN 2003 PRISON


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IN 2003 PRISONADMISIONS WERE 4% OF

SCHOOL ADMISSIONS.

PRISON EXPENDITURES

WERE 25% OF SCHOOLEXPENDITURES.

SINCE KATRINA


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SINCE KATRINA,ONLY 3 OUT OF 11SCHOOLS IN CENTRALCITY HAVE BEENREOPENED, WHILE 57%OF ITS POPULATION HASRETURNED.


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James SingletonMiddle School(closed)

Carter WoodsonMiddle School(closed)

Thomy LafonElementary School(closed)

Lawrence CrockerElementary School(closed)

New Orleans HighSchool Signature Center(closed)


Andrew WilsonElementary School(closed)

Booker T. WashingtonHigh School

(closed)


(closed)

Florence ChesterElementary School(closed)

James SingletonCharter School

(opened August 2006

PK-8 grade)

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.Charter School for Science& Technology (opened

September 2006, PK-8 grade)

International School

(opened September 2006K-6 grade)

Rabouin High School(opened September 2006

9-12 grade)

Walter CohenHigh School(opened March 2007,9 grade)


(opened April, 2007,PK-8 grade)


(opened September 2006

PK-8 grade)

S.J. GreenCharter School(opened August 2006,K-8 grade)



PROPOSAL:


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PROPOSAL:REOPEN AND

TRANSFORM SCHOOLS

EXTEND LEARNING

BEYOND THE SCHOOLS.

SPONSOR


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SPONSORINSTITUTIONAL LINKS

BETWEEN SCHOOLS ANDNEIGHBORHOOD ASSETS.CREATE NEW PUBLIC

SPACES TO CONNECTSCHOOLS WITHNEIGHBORHOODS ANDBUILD COMMUNITY.


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parks and gardens

educational

public housing

existing

proposed

religious

(Knowledge is Power Program)

opening Fall 2007nationally, 80% of KIPP students

attend college

proposed by UNOP

schoolyard gardens developed with

Guste Housing

playground

outdoor classrooms


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PUBLIC

SCHOOL

NETWORK

HOUSING

NETWORK

JuvenileJustice

Program ofLouisiana

Non-ProfitIncubator


Alliance



School ofCommerce

DynastyAlternative

School


BarristersGallery

Caf Reconcile

Home Depot

Allie MaeWilliams Multi-Service Center

ParkwayPartners

KidsLivingMin


CarterWoodson

Middle School

James

SingletonMiddle School

BuInc

Re-Entry

Public Housing

PUBLIC

SCHOOL

NETWORK

HOUSING

NETWORK

Juvenileustice

Program ofLouisiana

Non-ProfitIncubator


Alliance



School ofCommerce

DynastyAlternative

School

Ash Culturalts Center /A

ristersBaryGal

Caf Reconcile

Home Depot

Allie MaeWilliams Multi-Service Center

arkwaytnersPa

KidsLivingMin


CarterWoodson

Middle School

James

SingletonMiddle School

BuIn

Re-Entry

Public Housing

PUBLIC

SCHOOL

NETWORK

JuvenileJustice

Program ofLouisiana


BarristersGallery

Caf Reconcile

ParkwayPartners


James M.Singleton

Charter School

SylvanieWilliams

ElementarySchool

IDEA/

ORGANIZATIONAL

NETWORK

JusticeReinvestmentIntermediary

DATA SOURCES:


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Prison Admissions Data 2003 provided by: Justice Mapping Center and JFA InstitutePrison Admissions Data 2006 provided by: Louisiana Department of Public Safety and CorrectionsCrime Data 2005-2006 collected from Nola.comUtilities Data 2006 as percentage of 2005 usage: UNOPAll other data from 2000 US Census, unless otherwise noted.

CREDITS:

This work was produced as part of a larger project:Rebuilding Community: Linking Prisoner Reentry to Neighborhood Planning in Post-Katrina New Orleans.

Project Director: Laura Kurgan

Student Research Fellows: Candy Chang, Andrew Colopy, Leah Meisterlin, Derek Lindner, Julia Molloy

Research Assistant: Cressica Brazier

Selected Design Research: Steve Caputo, Cressica Brazier, Laura Lee, Annie Scheel.

With special thanks to Norris Henderson: Safe Streets, Strong Communities.

The project has been generously funded by the Open Society Institute.

This work builds upon a larger project:Graphical Innovations in Justice Mapping


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A collaboration between:Spatial Information Design Lab,The Justice Mapping Center,and the JFA Institute.

Project Directors: Eric Cadora , Laura KurganResearch Associates: David Reinfurt, Sarah Williams

For more information contact:Laura KurganDirector, Spatial Information Design LabGraduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation400 Avery HallColumbia UniversityNew York, NY [email protected]

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SIDL No La City Council Crime