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In

My homlia in Chregion countrygion won the o Chinan, ChaXing'anparts othe thirChina skm² (46China'spopulat

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In Chinese, the region is knownas "Inner Mongolia", where theterms o "Inner/Outer" are de-rived rom Manchu dorgi/tul-ergi (c. Mongolian dotugadu/gadagadu). Inner Mongolia isdistinct rom Outer Mongolia,which was a term used by theRepublic o China and previousgovernments to reer to what isnow the independent state o Mongolia plus the Republic o uva in Russia. In Mongolian,the region was called Dotugadumonggol during Qing rule andwas renamed into Öbür Mong-gol in 1947, öbür meaning thesouthern side o a mountain,while the Chinese term nei meng-

gu was retained. Some Mongo-lians use the name "SouthernMongolia" in English as well.

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Much o what is known aboutthe history o Greater Mongo-lia, including Inner Mongolia, isknown through Chinese chron-icles and historians. Beore therise o the Mongols in the 13thcentury, what is now central

and western Inner Mongolia,especially the Hetao region, al-ternated in control betweenChinese agriculturalists in thesouth and Xiongnu, Xianbei,Khitan, Jurchen, ujue, and oth-er Mongol nomads o the north.Te historical narrative o whatis now Eastern Inner Mongoliamostly consists o alternationsbetween dierent ungusticand Mongol tribes, rather thanthe struggle between nomadsand Chinese agriculturalists.

Due to its elongated shape, In-ner Mongolia has a wide variety o regional climates. Trough-out the province, the climate isbased o a our-season, mon-soon climate. Te winters inInner Mongolia are very long,cold, and dry with requentblizzards, though snowall isso light that Inner Mongoliahas no modern glaciers evenon the highest Helan peaks.

Te spring is short, mild andarid, with large, dangerous sand-

storms, whilst the summer is very warm to hot and relatively humid except in the west whereit remains dry. Autumn is brie and sees a steady cooling, withtemperatures below 0 °C (32 °F)reached in October in the northand November in the south.Ocially, most o Inner Mon-golia is classied as either a coldarid or steppe regime (KöppenBWk, BSk, respectively). Tesmall portion besides these areclassied as humid continental(Köppen Dwb) in the northeast,or subarctic (Köppen Dwc) inthe ar north near Hulunbuir.

By law, all street signs, commer-cial outlets, and governmentdocuments must be bilingual,written in Mongolian and Chi-nese. Tere are three Mongo-lian V channels in the InnerMongolia Satellite V network.

In public transportation, all an-nouncements are to be bilingual.Many ethnic Mongols, especial-ly the young, speak fuent Chi-nese. Mongolian is receding inurban areas. But rural ethnicMongols have kept more o theirtraditions. In terms o writtenlanguage, Inner Mongolia hasretained the classic Mongol writ-ten script as opposed to OuterMongolia's adoption o Cyrillic.

Dazhaotemple emplesites: a rom sings oXiaozhaas Cho

maist teavouredperor oXilituzhest Lamhot areapower oZhaojuno Wannasty ing whsort oFive-pagin the clia Hohgangzuobuilding

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