SHRI VISHNU ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMENgvitecestudents.weebly.com/.../3/1/2/0/31202903/mpm… · Web viewSorting of a list of numbers in descending order using bubble sort algorithm

MP & MC LAB

GRANDHI VARALAKSHMI VENKATARAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

III B.Tech – II Semester ECE

MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERSLAB MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers lab

Regd. No: ---------------------------------------------

SUMMARY OF WORK DONE

ExerciseNo

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Total Marks Awarded: ------------------------

Signature of the Staff member Signature of the HOD


CONTENTS

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING USING TASM SOFTWARE

1. Addition of two 16 bit numbers.

2. Multi-byte Addition.

3. Product of Multi-byte Number and Single-byte Number.

4. Division of a Multi-byte Number with a Single-byte Number.

5. Factorial of a 8 bit unsigned number

6. Evaluation of Arithmetic Expression

7. Moving a String

8. Insertion of a Character

9. Sorting of a list of numbers in ascending order using bubble sort algorithm

10. Sorting of a list of numbers in descending order using bubble sort algorithm

11. To find gcd of two 8 bit unsigned numbers.

12. To display a string on screen

Programming with MicroProcessor(8086) Kit1. Program to perform arithmetic operations such as addition , subtraction, multiplication and

division

2. Program to perform logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XNOR.

3. Program to perform SHIFT and ROTATE operations such as SHR, SHL, SAL, SAR, ROL,ROR,RCL and RCR.

4. Program to perform 32 bit addition, 32 bit subtraction and exchange operations.5. Program to perform 8 bit average and 16 bit average operations.6. Program to find out no. of one’s and no. of zero’s in a given number and access of

memory locations

Programming with Microcontroller(8051) Kit1. Addition of two 8-bit numbers

2. Subtraction of two 8-bit numbers

3. Multiplication of two 8-bit numbers

4. Division of two 8-bit numbers


FORE WORD

Writing assembly language programs is not a simple task. It requires a good knowledge of system architecture as well as thorough understanding of various instructions of 8086 and their addressing modes.

This manual is written to help students to give an exposure on various instructions of 8086 and to use them in solving different problems. It also enables to imbibe the basics of assembly language programming and to implement own ideas . With the help of instructors the student can master the intricacies of assembly language programming and interfacing various chips with 8086.

In this manual programming on TASM is presented and different solved programs with appropriate comments were presented. It also contains Programming with Microprocessor(8086) Kit and Microcontroller(8051) Kit. Students are expected to study the basic idea involved in writing each program and are expected to solve all the assignment programs.


PART -I

Procedure to create an .exe file

Step 1 : Type C:> C:> md yourdirectory ex: md ece20 C:> cd yourdirectory ex: cd ece20

Now you are working in your own directory. C:/ece20> Type edit filename.asm ex: edit add.asm This creates an .asm file called add.asm .In this file you have to write the source code.

Step 2 : Return to the dos prompt by choosing exit or quit option. To run an Assembly Language Program(ALP)

Step 3 : Assembling the source codeType C:/ece20> tasm/z file name.asm ex: tasm add.asm

After this step the assembler returns number of syntax errors present in your source code ,if any .You have to correct these errors , save your program and again assemble it. Successful assembling will generate an object file ex: add.objNow proceed to next step called Linking

Step 4 : Linking the object file Type C:/ece20> tlink filename.obj ex: tlink add.objLinking generates .exe file ex: add.exe

Step 5 : To run the .exe file there are two methods. Method1. Using debug command C:/ece20> debug filename.exe ex: debug add.exe

Method2. To run directly from dos prompt

NOTE: Method2 is applicable if DOS interrupts/BIOS interrupts are used to display the result on screen.


OPERATING PROCEDURE WITH TASM

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Microprocessors & Microcontrollers labStep 7:

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Procedure to create an .exe file

Step 1:Load the source file in turbo editor and save the file with .asm extension.

Step 2: Return into the dos prompt by choosing exit or quit option.

Then enter in to tasm (turbo assembler) environment

To run an ALP following 3 steps are required:

Step 3: Assembling the source codeType

C:> tasm filename.asm

* If there are no error messages go to step 5 else correct all errors by editing your .asm file and go to step4 again.

Step 4: Linking the object file

Type

C:> tlink filename.obj

Now type dir filename *.* and verify that .exe file was generated.

Step 5:To run the .exe file there are two methods.

Method1. Using debug command

C:> debug filename.exe

Method2. To run directly from dos pormpt*


* If your program is written to read input from key board and/or to display result on the screen with the help of dos function calls and/or bios function calls.

Stop before proceeding further * Finish every program written on tasm with following lines to prevent the computer from hanging

NOTE : For all programs written in .exe format check the result by typing

- d 0000 in debugger.

* mov ah, 4ch int 21h


ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMS USING TASM SOFTWARE

PROGRAM - 1

Aim: To add two 16 bit numbersassume cs:code, ds:datadata segment a dw 1234h b dw 2345h c dw ? ; c = a + b data ends code segment start: mov ax,data

mov ds,ax ;initialize data segment mov ax,a mov bx,b add ax,bx mov c,ax ; save sum of a and b in c mov ah,4ch ; return to dos int 21h

code ends end start


PROGRAM – 2

Aim: To find the sum of two multi-byte numbers

assume cs:code, ds:datadata segmentcount equ 04 ;no of bytes in each numbernum1 dd 12345678h ; this is double word numbernum2 dd 01010101hsum dd ?data endscode segement

start: mov ax, data ; initialization of data segmentmov ds, axmov cl, countlea si, num1 ; pointer to first numberlea bx, num2 ; pointer to second numberlea di, sum ; pointer to sumclc

nbyte: mov al, [si]adc al, [bx]mov [di], axinc siinc bxinc didec cl jnz nbyte

jnc stop ;check for carry after adding last byte inc di mov [di], 01stop: mov ah, 4ch

int 21h

code endsend start


PROGRAM - 3

Aim : To find the product of two multi-byte numbers

assume cs:code, ds:data data segment nob dw 04h ; number of bytes in multiplicand

n1 db 05h n2 dd 01020304h

prd dd ?

data ends

code segment

start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax

mov cx,nob ; count for number of bytes mov bl,n1 mov dx,0h ; initial value of intermediate product

lea si,n2 lea di,prd ; set pointer for multi-byte number

nxtbyt: mov al,[si] cbw ;convert byte to word

mul bl add ax,dx mov dl,ah mov [di],al ;store first byte of product inc si

inc di dec cx jnz nxtbyt mov ah,4ch int 21h

code ends end start


PROGRAM - 4

Aim : To find the division of two multi-byte numbers

assume cs:code, ds:data data segment nob db 04 ; number of bytes in dividend

n1 db 03 ; divisor

n2 dd 05060708h ; 4 byte number

qu dd ? ; quotient after division

data ends

code segment

start: mov ax,data

mov ds,ax

mov cl,nob ; count for bytes

mov bl,n1

lea si,n2 ; pointer for dividend

lea di,qu ; pointer for quotient

mov ah,00 ; ready for division

nxtbyte: mov al,[si+3] ;get most significant byte

; and divide with divisor div bl

mov [di+3],al dec si dec di

dec cx jnz nxtbyte mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start


PROGRAM – 5

Aim: To find factorial of a number

assume cs:code, ds:data

data segment

num dw 5

fact dw ?

data ends

code segment

start: mov ax,data

mov ds,ax

mov ax,num

mov cx,num

dec cx

repeat: mul cx

loop repeat

mov fact,ax

mov ah,4ch

int 21h

code ends

end start

RESULT: NUM = 05FACT= 78H


PROGRAM – 6

Aim: To evaluate an arithmetic expression which involves all arithmetic operations

Here the expression is Exp = p + (q*r)/s – t


data segment

p db 05hq db 08hr db 12hs db 03ht db 05hexp dw?

data ends

code segmentstart: mov ax,data mov ds,ax

mov al,qmov bl,r

mul bl ;compute q*rmov bl,sdiv bl ;compute (q*r/s)

clcadc al,psub al,t ;compute p+(q*r/s)-t

mov exp,ax

mov ah,4ch

int 21 h

code ends

end start

Result : exp=30h


PROGRAM – 7

Aim: To move a (block of data) string from one location to other location

assume cs:code, ds:data, es:datadata segment

str1 db ‘GVIT’ db 10h dup(?) ; stationary block of textloc2 db 05(0) ; string destination

data ends

code segment

start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov es ax

lea si,str1 lea di,loc2 mov cx,o5 ; count for no of chars in string

cld rep movsb ; movsb – move string byte instruction

mov ah,4ch int 21h ;program termination code ends

end start

Result: GVIT……….GVIT


PROGRAM - 8

Aim : To insert a character at the end of given string


data segment

char db 'f' ; character to be inserted

strng db 'abcde','$' data ends

code segment

start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax

lea si,strng ;point to string

nxt: mov al,[si] ;check for end of the string cmp al,'$' je insert ;if string is at the end insert character inc si jmp nxt

insert: mov bl,char mov [si],bl inc si

mov bl,'$' ; reinsert $ mov [si],bl

mov ah,4ch int 21h

code ends end start

RESULT : Before executing program String is abcde$

After executing String is abcdef$


PROGRAM – 09

Aim: Sorting of a list of numbers in ascending order using bubble sort algorithm.

assume cs:code, ds:datadata segmentlist db 53h, 25h, 19h, 02hcount equ 0003hdata ends

code segment

start:mov ax,datamov ds,axmov dx,count ; number of iterations in dx

again2:mov cx,dxlea si,list

again1:mov al,[si]cmp al,[si+1]jc nextxchg [si+1],alxchg al,[si]

next:inc si

loop again1dec dxjnz again2

mov ah,4ch ;return to dosint 21h

code endsend start


PROGRAM – 10

Aim: sorting of a list of numbers in descending order using bubble sort algorithm.

assume cs:code, ds:datadata segmentlist db 53h, 25h, 19h, 02hcount equ 0003hdata ends

code segment

start:mov ax,datamov ds,axmov dx,count ; number of iterations in dx

again2:mov cx,dxlea si,list

again1:mov al,[si]cmp al,[si+1]jnc nextxchg [si+1],alxchg al,[si]

next:inc si

loop again1dec dxjnz again2

mov ah,4ch ;return to dosint 21h

code endsend start

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers labPROGRAM – 11

Aim: To find gcd of two 8 bit unsigned numbers.


data segment

a db 24h

b db 12h

gcd db ?

data ends

code segment

start : mov ax,data

mov ds,ax

mov al,a

mov bl,b

back : cmp al,bl

jA ready

xchg al,bl

ready: mov ah,00h ; ready for division

div bl

cmp ah,00

jz over ; gcd is in bl register

mov al,bl

mov bl,ah

jmp back

over: mov gcd,bl ; save gcd

mov ah,4ch

int 21h

code ends

end start


PROGRAM – 12(DOS function calls)

Aim: To display a string on screen


data segmentmsg db 0dh,0ah,"JNTU KAKINADA",0dh,0ah,"$"

data endscode segmentstart:

mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov ah,09h mov dx,offset msg int 21h mov ah,4ch int 21h

code ends end start

Result: JNTU KAKINADA


Programming with MicroProcessor(8086) Kit

1. Program to perform arithmetic operations such as addition , subtraction, multiplication and

division

ADDITION:

MOV AX,1000H

MOV BX,2000H

ADD AX,BX

INT 03H

SUBTRACTION:

MOV AX,2000H

MOV BX,1000H

SUB AX,BX

INT 03H

MULTIPLICATION:

MOV AX,02H

MOV BX,04H

MUL BX

INT 03H

DIVISION:

MOV AX,04H

MOV BX,02H

MOV DX,0000H

DIV BX

INT 03H


2. Program to perform logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XNOR.

AND:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

AND AX,BX

INT 03H

OR:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

OR AX,BX

INT 03H

XOR:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

XOR AX,BX

INT 03H

NOT:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

NOT AX

NOT BX

INT 03H

NAND:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

AND AX,BX

NOT AX

INT 03H

NOR:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

OR AX,BX

NOT AX

INT 03H


XNOR:MOV AX,4020H

MOV BX,2010H

XOR AX,BX

NOT AX

INT 03H

3. Program to perform SHIFT and ROTATE operations such as SHR, SHL, SAL, SAR, ROL,ROR,RCL and RCR.

SHR:MOV AX,2010HSHR AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

SHR:MOV AX,2010HMOV CL,04HSHR AX,CL ( For 4times shifting)INT 03H

SHL:MOV AX,2010HSHL AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

SAR:MOV AX,2010HSAR AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

ROL:MOV AX,2010HROL AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

ROR:MOV AX,2010HROR AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

RCR:MOV AX,2010HRCR AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

RCL:MOV AX,2010HRCL AX,1H ( For 1time shifting)INT 03H

(NOTE : Perform all shift and rotate operations for multiple shifting and rotating respectively as shown in SHR program)


4. Program to perform 32 bit addition, 32 bit subtraction and exchange operations.

32 BIT ADDITION:MOV AX,1234HMOV BX,2345HADD AX,BXMOV CX,2040HMOV DX,5037HADC CX,DXJNC NEXTMOV DX,0001H

NEXT: INT 03H

32 BIT SUBTRACTION:MOV AX,2345HMOV BX,2222HSUB AX,BXMOV CX,2040HMOV DX,1010HSBB CX,DXINT 03H

EXCHANGE:MOV AX,1234HMOV BX,4567HXCHG AX,BXINT 03H

5. Program to perform 8 bit average and 16 bit average operations.

8BIT AVERAGE:XOR AX,AXXOR BX,BXMOV AL,04HMOV BL,02HADD AX,BXMOV CL,02HDIV CLINT 03H

16BIT AVERAGE:MOV DX,0000HMOV AX,0004HMOV BX,0002HADD AX,BXMOV CX,0002HJNC NEXTMOV DX,0001H

NEXT: DIV CLINT 03H


6. Program to find out no. of one’s and no. of zero’s in a given number and access of memory locations

NUMBER OF 1’S:MOV AL,02HMOV BL,04HMOV CL,08H

AGAIN: SHL AL,01HJNC NEXTINC BL

NEXT: LOOP AGAININT 03H

NUMBER OF 0’S:MOV AL,02HMOV BL,04HMOV CL,08H

AGAIN: SHL AL,01HJC NEXTINC BL

NEXT: LOOP AGAININT 03H

ACCESS OF MEMORY LOCATIONS:

MOV AX,1234HMOV @3000,AXMOV AX,4567HMOV @4000,AXMOV AX,@3000MOV BX,@4000

ADD AX,BX

MOV @5000,AX

MOV CX,@5000

INT 03H


Programming with Microcontroller(8051) Kit

1.Addition of two 8-bit numbers

MOV A,#40MOV B,#10ADD A,BMOV DPTR,#9050MOVX @DPTR,AHERE:LJMP HERE

2.Subtraction of two 8-bit numbers

MOV A,#40MOV B,#20SUBB A,BMOV DPTR,#9050MOVX @DPTR,AHERE:LJMP HERE

3. Multiplication of two 8-bit numbers

MOV A,#40MOV B,#20MUL A,BMOV DPTR,#9050MOVX @DPTR,AINC DPTRMOV A,BMOVX @DPTR,AHERE:LJMP HERE

4.Division of two 8-bit numbers

MOV A,#80MOV B,#08DIV A,BMOV DPTR,#9050MOV @DPTR,AINC DPTRMOV A,BMOVX @DPTR,AHERE:LJMP HERE


VIVA QUESTIONS

1) How many bit microprocessor 8086 is? 2) What is the size of data bus of 8086? 3) What is the size of address bus of 8086? 4) What is the maximum memory addressing capacity of 8086? 5) Which are the basic parts of 8086? 6) What are the functions of BIU? 7) What are the functions of EU? 8) How many pin IC 8086 is? 9) What is the size of instruction queue in 8086?10) What is the size of instruction queue in 8088?11) Which are the registers present in 8086?12) How many 16 bit registers are available in 8086?13) Specify addressing modes for any instruction?14) What do you mean by assembler directives?15) Functions of Accumulator or AX register?16) Functions of BX register?17) Functions of CX register?18) Functions of DX register?19) How Physical address is generated?20) Which are pointers present in this 8086?21) How many segments present in 8086?22) What is the size of each segment?23) Basic difference between 8085 and 8086?24) What are the flags in 8086?25) What are the various interrupts in 8086?26) Which Stack is used in 8086?27) What are the different functional units in 8086?28) What is the difference between 8086 and 8088?29) What is the difference between min mode and max mode of 8086?30) What is the difference between near and far procedure?31) What is the difference between Macro and procedure?32) What is difference between shifts and rotate instructions?33) Which are strings related instructions?34) Which are addressing modes and their examples in 8086?35) What is the size of flag register in 8086? Explain all.36) Which are the base registers in 8086?37) Which is the index registers in 8086?38) What is SI, DI and their functions?39) Which are the pointers used in 8086 and their functions?40) What is a type of queue in 8086?

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers lab41) What is minimum mode of 8086?42) What is maximum mode of 8086?43) Which are string instructions?44) What is LEA?45) Types of procedure?46) What TASM is?47) What TLINK is?48) What do u mean by assembler?

80286 (microprocessor):

49) How many bit microprocessor 80286 is?50) What is the size of data bus of 80286?51) What is the size of address bus of 80286?

80386 (microprocessor):

52) What IC 80386 is?53) How many pin IC 80836 is?54) 80386 is how many bit processor?55) What is the size of instruction queue in 80386?

INTERRUPTS:

56) What do you mean by interrupt?57) Which are the hardware and software interrupts in 8086?58) Mention the priority of interrupts in8086.59) What do you mean by NMI interrupt?

60) What IC 8251 is?61) What IC 8255 is?62) What IC 8257 is?63) What IC 8259 is?64) What IC 8279 is?65) What IC 8051 is?66) What is difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller?

Documents

SHRI VISHNU ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMENgvitecestudents.weebly.com/.../3/1/2/0/31202903/mpm… · Web viewSorting of a list of numbers in descending order using bubble sort algorithm