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Shortlived climate forcers in CMIP5 and CMIP6 JeanFrançois Lamarque Na@onal Center for Atmospheric Research Atmospheric Chemistry Division/Climate and Global Dynamics Division 1

Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

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Page 1: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Short-­‐lived  climate  forcers  in  CMIP5  and  CMIP6  

Jean-­‐François  Lamarque  Na@onal  Center  for  Atmospheric  Research  Atmospheric  Chemistry  Division/Climate  

and  Global  Dynamics  Division  

1  

Page 2: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Modeling  the  distribu@on  of  SLCFs  

Emissions  (anthro+bb)  for  CMIP5  and  AR5  

2  

Shindell  et  al.,  JGR,  2008   2000  1850   2100  

Emission    Databases  

Integrated    Assessment  Models  

Emissions  from  A1B  scenario  

Page 3: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Example:  NOx  emissions  

Anthropogenic  +  biomass  burning  +  ships:  kg(N)/year  

Lamarque  et  al.,  ACP,  2010  3  

Page 4: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

ACCMIP:  Chemistry  and  RF  

•  Co-­‐led  by  D.  Shindell  •  15  models  •  10+  papers  (including  health  impact)  •  Cri@cal  to  provide  documenta@on  of  radia@ve  forcing  for  AR5  

•  Analysis  of  concentra@on  and  deposi@on  changes  

4  

Page 5: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

How  do  the  RCPs  compare  to  other  inventories?  

5  Granier  et  al,  2011  

Page 6: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Focus  on  SO2  and  recent  hiatus  

6  Klimont  et  al.,  2013  

Page 7: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Issues  with  RCPs  

7  

SRES  scenarios  

5-­‐95%  range  

1. Emissions  not  capturing  range  

 2. Cannot  isolate  the  impact  of  SLCFs  

Van  Vuuren  et  al.,  2011  

Page 8: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Annual  precipita@on  impact  of  US  aerosol  emissions  

8  

Leibensperger  et  al.,  2012;  all  aerosols  

-­‐0.02   0.02   0.2  -­‐0.1  -­‐0.2   -­‐0.05   0.05   0.1  

Precipita@on  impact:  mm/day  

SO2  emissions  only  

Shindell  et  al.,  2012  

Page 9: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Shindell  et  al.,  Science,  2012   9  

Reference  CH4  measures  CH4  +  BC  measures  

Recent  focus  on  CH4  and  BC  as  win-­‐win  

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Shindell  et  al.,  Science,  2012   10  

Reference  CH4  measures  CH4  +  BC  measures  

Focus  on  CH4  and  BC:  win-­‐win  

Obama  climate  ac@on  plan  (6/25/13):  Leverages  new  opportuni@es  to  reduce  pollu@on  of  highly-­‐potent  greenhouse  gases  known  as  hydrofluorocarbons;  directs  agencies  to  develop  a  comprehensive  methane  strategy;  and  commits  to  protect  our  forests  and  cri@cal  landscapes.  

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Oil  and  gas  from  shale  forma@ons  

11  

Present  US  consump@on:  2-­‐2.8  million  cubic  feet  

Page 12: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission
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Natural  gas  leaks  =  $3.1  B  in  US  ($12-­‐28  B  worldwide)  

Phillips  et  al.,  Env.  Poll.,  2013  

“Background”  =  2.07  ppm  

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Chemistry-­‐climate  and  AQ  

Jacob  and  Winner,  Atmos.  Env,  2009  

SOCIO-­‐ECONOMIC  DECISION  

NATURAL  FEEDBACKS  

Page 16: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Early  discussions  

•  Drew  Shindell  •  Arlene  Fiore  •  Michael  Prather  •  Denise  Mauzerall  •  Claire  Granier  •  Greg  Frost  

16  

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Proposal  for  next-­‐gen(C6)  climate-­‐study  scenarios    

Goal  –  be  able  to  iden@fy/quan@fy  a  specific  alternate  (mi@ga@on)  pathway  that  separates  two  scenarios:  e.g.  

–  Switching  coal  power  plants  to  natural  gas  –  Policy/regula@on  on  transporta@on  or  air  quality  

1.  Define  a  Reference  Scenario  and  associated  emissions.    Based  primarily  on  current  trajectory  of  emissions  and  regula@ons.  

2.  Quan@fy  the  delta(emissions)  associated  with  change  in  pathway  (specific  ac@ons)  for  each  of  the  IAMs  (e.g.,  ac@ons  to  keep  <2°C).    Treat  this  as  a  climate  model  ensemble.    Look  for  agreement  global/regional,  check  for  consensus,  define  ensemble  mean  emissions/land-­‐use  change  if  possible  

3.  Perform  climate  simula@ons  with  reference  and  a  single  perturbed  emissions  case  (allows  calcula@on  of  climate  sensi@vity  for  specific  ac@on)  

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Proposal  for  AQ  studies  

•  The  main  target  is  to  understand  the  role  of  climate  change  on  atmospheric  composi@on  (change  in  T,  H2O  +  precip,  …)  

•  Key  assessment  is  (i)  how  is  background  changing  from  climate  and  global/regional  emissions,  and  (ii)  how  is  this  changing  the  efficiency  of  local  emissions  to  produce  local  pollu@on.  –  Start  from  reference  case  (which  must  have  significant  emissions  of  AQ  precursors  over  the  whole  simula@on  period)  

–  Use  a  separate  scenario  with  a  large  enough  climate  signal  but  keep  the  same  precursor  emissions  as  reference.  

 

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A  few  more  points  

•  Will  need  to  update  harmoniza@on  (2010?)  •  No  effort  for  revising  historical  emissions!  •  Resolu@on  beyond  0.5o?    Gridding?  

19  

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Anthropogenic  climate  forcing  (1750-­‐2005)  

Forster  and  Ramaswamy,  AR4  Chapter  2  

21  

Page 22: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

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Page 23: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Tropospheric  ozone  trends  

23  

Lamarque  et  al.,  ACP,  2010  Observa@ons  in  red  Model  results  in  black  

Page 24: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Aerosol  deposi@on  

24  Lamarque  et  al.,  ACP,  2010  

Sulfate  deposi@on  

1850   2000  Sulfate  deposi@on  

BC  deposi@on  

Lamarque  et  al.,  ACP,  2013  

Filled  circles  are  ice-­‐core  observa@ons  

mg(S)/m2/year  

Model:  CAM-­‐chem  (Lamarque  et  al.,  2012)    

Observa@ons  in  red  Model  results  in  black  

Page 25: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Linking  air  pollu@on  controls    and  global  climate  

Cooling Warming

Methane Carbonmonoxide

Nitrogenoxides

VOCs Ammonia Blackcarbon

Organiccarbon

Sulfurdioxide

Targ

et e

miss

ions

Ozone pollutioncontrols

Particulate mattercontrols

Page 26: Shortlived,climate,forcers,in, CMIP5,and,CMIP6, · Modeling,the,distribu@on,of,SLCFs, Emissions( anthro+bb) for,CMIP5,and,AR5, 2 Shindell,etal.,,JGR,,2008, 1850 2000 2100 Emission

Modeling  the  distribu@on  of  SLCFs  

26  Shindell  et  al.,  JGR,  2008  

Emissions  from  A1B  scenario  

USGCRP  SAP3.1,  2007