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2920Mt.CarmelAve.,GlensidePA19038|215-886-9740! [email protected]
SHORT-TERMMANAGEMENTRECOMMENDATIONS
FLOODPLAINWOODLANDSLakeRolandNatureCenter
LakeRolandPark|Baltimore,MD
June12,2018
I. ExistingConditionsSummary....................................................................2
II. Short-TermManagementObjectives........................................................6
III. Short-TermManagementStrategiesOverview........................................7
IV. GlossaryofShort-TermManagementTasks.............................................9
AppendixA: ObservedVegetation
AppendixB: BrushPileGuidelines
NOTE:
• THISMANUALPROVIDESRECOMMENDATIONSFORSHORT-TERMWOODLANDMANAGEMENTEXCLUSIVEOFNEWPLANTINGS.WHILECOMPREHENSIVE,THISDOCUMENTCANNOTADDRESSALLSCENARIOSTHATMAYBEENCOUNTEREDINTHEFIELDORREPLACEASSESSMENTBYNATIVEHABITATEXPERTS.PLEASECONSULTLWLAWITHANYMANAGEMENTQUESTIONS.
• WORKALONGWATERWAYSANDWITHINWETLANDSCANBESUBJECTTOSTATEANDFEDERALREGULATIONS.WORKSHOULDNOTBECOMMENCEDUNTILPERMITREQUIREMENTSHAVEBEENIDENTIFIEDANDOBTAINEDIFNECESSARY.
• ANYHERBICIDEAPPLICATIONSSHOULDOCCURINCOMPLIANCEWITHALLREGULATIONSANDTHEHERBICIDELABEL.
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page2of17
I.EXISTINGCONDITIONSSUMMARY
ThefloodplainwoodswestoftheLakeRolandNatureCenter—approximatelysixacresoutlinedinorangeabove—exhibitcharacteristicstypicalofdisturbedearly-successionalwoodlandhabitat.TheareaoutlinedaboveextendswestwardfromtheNatureCentertothelargeJapaneseKnotweedcolonynearthelightrailstation.
Theoldestpubliclyavailableaerialphotographyfromthe1930sshowsthisareatobelargelytreeless,possiblyusedforcrops,pasture,orotherhumanactivities.Iftheareahadbeenplowedforcropsorthesoilotherwisesignificantlydisturbed,thishistoryaffectsherbaceousgroundlayervegetationthatmightnaturallyemergetoday.Morespecializednativespeciesarelesslikelytooccurnaturallyiftheareawasintensivelyusedforagricultureorotheractivities.
Bythe1960s,aerialphotographyshowstheareatobeinsomeformofwoodygrowth,likelyearly-successionalshrubsandtrees.Artificialpitandmoundtopographyaswellasdebrispilesindicatesignificantsoildisturbanceoccurredatsomepointintime.Suchdisturbancelikelyalterednaturalwaterflow,soilarchitecture,andmayhaveencouragedweedygrowthbyprovidingopportunitiesforweedseedstogerminate.Soilruttingfrommechanizedequipmentisalsoevident.
JONESFALLS
LIGHT
RAIL
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page3of17
Today,acombinationofnativeandexoticvegetationispresentinthesefloodplainwoods,withexoticvegetationoccurringprimarilyintheunderstory.Invasiveexoticvegetationisparticularlyabundantalongwoodlandedgesandinsunnygaps.Shadierinteriorwoodlandsectionsarelessinvaded,anoftencommonscenario.Invasiveexoticsthatarepresentininteriorsectionsoccurprimarilyintheunderstoryattheherb,vine,andshrublevels.
Nativevegetationwithinthesefloodplainwoodsappearstoconsistpredominantlyofgeneralistspecies,asiscommoninareaswithahistoryofanthropogenicdisturbancetosoilsandvegetation.Analysisduringthegrowingseason(LWLAassessedthesiteinNovember2016andDecember2017)couldconfirmwhethermorespecializedspeciesarepresent,althoughgiventhesite’shistorythisseemsunlikely.
ForalistofspeciesobservedduringLWLAsitewalks,seeAppendixA.Notethatmappingofvegetationlocationswithintheprojectareawasoutsideprojectscope.
Thefloodplainwoodsassessedfeaturesthreemaintypologies:
Typology1:Edgesdominatedbyexoticvinesandshrubswithscatterednativeandexoticherbs
WoodlandedgesexistalongJonesFalls,theboardwalk,nearthelightrailstation,andbehindtheNatureCenterbuilding.South-facingedges—likethosealongJonesFalls—experiencegreaterlightexposurethannorth-facingedges(suchasalongtheboardwalk)oreast-facingedges(behindtheNatureCenter).Woodlandedgeswithgreaterlightexposureareoftenmorepronetoinvasion.
Thewoodlandedgesaredominatedbyexoticvines—suchasSweetAutumnClematis(Clematisterniflora)—aswellasexoticshrubssuchasShrubHoneysuckle(Loniceraspp.)andtheexoticannualJapaneseStiltgrass(Microstegiumvimineum).NativegeneralistspeciessuchasCanadaGoldenrod(Solidagocanadensis),CreekSedge(Carexamphibola),andFrostAster(Symphyotrichumpilosum)areoccasionallypresent.
Giventhesite’shistoryandtherelativelylimitedpresenceofnativespecies,widespreadnaturalregenerationofdesirablenativegroundlayerspeciesisunlikely.Inlargerareaswhereinvasiveexoticspeciesareremoved,atemporarycovercroporpermanentplantingwillbenecessarytostabilizesoilsandcompeteagainstweedreemergenceandfurtherinvasion.
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page4of17
Typology2:SunnyinteriorgapsdominatedbyexoticvinesandJapaneseStiltgrass
Sunnygapsexistwheretreefallhasoccurredwithinthewoodlandinteriorornearwoodlandedges.JapaneseStiltgrass(Microstegiumvimineum)andSweetAutumnClematis(Clematisterniflora)dominatemanyofthesegaps.
Giventhesite’shistoryandtherelativelylimitedpresenceofdesirablenativegroundlayerspecies,widespreadnaturalregenerationofdesirablenativegroundlayerspeciesisunlikely.Thus,inlargerareaswhereinvasiveexoticspeciesareremoved,atemporarycovercroporpermanentplantingwillbenecessarytostabilizesoilsandcompeteagainstweedreemergenceandfurtherinvasion.
Typology3:Shadedwoodlandinteriorwithnativedominatedcanopyandmixednative-exoticunderstory
Muchoftheassessedareaconsistsofmoreinterior-typewoodlandconditionscomparedtothesunnierwoodlandedgesandgaps.Asignificantpercentageofthisareaisclassifiedaswetland;remainingportionsexhibitmesicsoilconditions.
Sedgesappeartomakeupmostofthenativegroundlayervegetationininteriorareas,andoccurinsomeinstancesinfairlydensepatches.Suchpatchesshouldbeprotectedfromdisturbanceandencouragedtoexpandthroughspotcontrolofanyintermingledproblemweedsand,wherepossible,aidedseeddistribution.
Thepresenceofsomedesirablenativegroundlayervegetationmeanspotentialexistsforsomenaturalregenerationofdesirablenativeherbaceousspeciesasproblemweeds
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page5of17
arecontrolled.Inlargerareaswhereinvasiveexoticspeciesareremoved,atemporarycovercroporpermanentplantingmaybenecessarytostabilizesoilsandcompeteagainstweedreemergenceandfurtherinvasion.
AdditionalObservations
1. Wormcastingsandlackofaforestdufflayerindicatethepresenceofinvasiveexoticearthworms,asevidentinthephotoatright.Invasiveexoticearthwormsalternutrientcycling,soilconditions,andadverselyaffectplantregenerationbyeliminatingthedufflayer,whichnormallyprovidesconditionsforseedlingdevelopment,particularlyofnativeherbaceousspecies.
Artificiallyaddingleafduff,usingpineneedlemulch,andplantinggeneralistwoodlandspeciesrepresentwaystorespondtoinvasiveearthwormpresence.WhileloweringsoilpHthroughsulphurapplicationshasbeenshowntodiscourageearthwormsinsomeinstances,itisnotrecommendedheregiventhatitsimpactonnativewoodlandvegetation(particularlycanopy-leveltrees)isunclear.
Sincetherearepresentlynoeconomicallyfeasiblemethodsoferadicatinginvasiveexoticearthworms,preventingagainstintroductionofadditionalornewspeciesisimportant.Parkvisitorscouldbeeducatedtonotdumpworms(includingcompostingworms)withintheparkandtoproperlydisposeofunwantedwormbaitinthetrash.Anynewcontainer-grownplantingsorrootballsshouldalsobecarefullyinspectedforwormsandanyfoundwormsdestroyed.
2. Asevidencedbybrowseonbrowse-preferredplants(example:Privet),deerbrowseappearstobesignificantwithintheprojectarea,asislikelywithinthelargerParkitself.Treeandshrubregenerationappearslimitedwithintheprojectarea,possiblydueinparttodeerbrowse.Deerbrowselikelyaffectsherbaceousspeciespresentaswell,limitingherbaceouscompositiontomorebrowse-resistantspecieslikesedgesandferns.
Methodsforreducingdeerbrowsewillneedtobeconsideredforanynewplantings.Commonmethodsofpreventingagainstdeerbrowseinclude:1)sprays,2)deerexclusions,3)useofbrowseresistantspecies,4)companionplantingsofbrowse-resistantspecieswithbrowse-sensitivespeciesand5)cagesforshrubsandtrees.
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page6of17
II.SHORT-TERMMANAGEMENTOBJECTIVES
Managementproceduresrecommendedinthisdocumentaredesignedto:
• Enhancetheecologicalhealth,aesthetics,andhabitatvalueoffloodplainwoodsbehindtheLakeRolandNatureCenter.
• Addressexistingproblemweedsandpreventtheirexpansion.
• Minimizeinvasionbynewproblemweeds.
• Enablenaturalrecruitmentandregenerationwherepossible.
• Setthestageforsubsequentrestorationworkasbudgetallows.
• Providemanagementstrategiesthatcanbeimplementedbyvolunteers,wherepossible.
• Educatevolunteers,Parkvisitors,andothersinsite-specific,bestmanagementpractices.
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III.MANAGEMENTSTRATEGIESOVERVIEW
STRATEGY
SeeSectionIVfortaskdescriptions.
TASKSFORPROFESSIONALS
POSSIBLEVOLUNTEERTASKS
TIMING
KEY
"Plantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingcouldconsistofatemporarycovercroporlong-termvegetation.
✪Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment
†PossibletestplotstocomparecontroltechniquesofLesserCelandine
WEEDCONTR
OL
Dormant-seasonweedcontrolofevergreenweedsandlargeshrub/brambleinfestations
HerbicidetreatmentofevergreenweedslikeJapaneseHoneysuckleandGarlicMustardNote:Usebroadleaf-specificherbicidetoavoiddamagingexistingnativesedges.Avoidfernfrondswhereevident.
OversightofforestrymowinginareasdominatedbyBushHoneysuckle,MultifloraRose,Privet,Wineberry"
CuttingofEnglishIvyvinesgrowingverticallyontrees✪
ForestrymowinggapsandedgesdominatedbyBushHoneysuckle,Multiflora,Privet,Wineberry✪ "
HandpullingsmallinfestationsofGarlicMustard(priortoseedset)Note:Donotpull/cutJapaneseHoneysuckleasitrespondswithrampantresprouting.
Nov.–March
EarlyspringcontrolofLesserCelandine
HerbicidetreatmentofLesserCelandine†
MonitoringoftestplotscomparingLesserCelandinecontroltechniques,applicationrates,andtiming
March–April
Mustbetreatedwheninflower
Springpre-emergenttreatmentforJapaneseStiltgrass
Pre-emergentherbicideapplicationtopreventgerminationofJapaneseStiltgrass
Monitoringfollowingpre-emergenttreatmentsandhandpullingofisolatedinstancesofemergentJapaneseStiltgrass
Spring(2-3weeksbeforeseedgermination)
Growing-seasonweedcontrolofdeciduousweedsandscatteredshrubs,brambles,andvines
Herbicideapplications,including:
− Broadcast/spottreatments,includingtoanyareassubjecttoforestrymowing"
− Cutandpainttreatments(cuttingcouldbedonebyvolunteersimmediatelyinadvanceofherbicidetreatment)
Cuttingwoodygrowthjustpriortostumpherbicidetreatment✪
Handpullingsmall,localizedinfestationsofJapaneseStiltgrass
HandremovalofexoticherbaceousvinessmotheringnativeshrubsNote:Donotpull/cutJapaneseHoneysuckleasitrespondswithrampantresprouting.
Stringtrimmingvegetationtreatedwithherbicide(wheredesired)twoweeksafterapplication ✪
Throughoutgrowingseasonasnecessary
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page8of17
STRATEGY
SeeSectionIVfortaskdescriptions.
TASKSFORPROFESSIONALS
POSSIBLEVOLUNTEERTASKS
TIMING
KEY
"Plantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingcouldconsistofatemporarycovercroporlong-termvegetation.
✪Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment
†PossibletestplotstocomparecontroltechniquesofLesserCelandine
MaintainamanagementbufferaroundthelargeweedJapaneseKnotweedcolonythatcannotbefeasiblycontrolledintheshortterm
Delineatingmanagementbuffer
SpotherbicideapplicationstoJapaneseKnotweedextendingbeyondthemanagementline.
Goal:PreventexpansionofJapaneseKnotweed(aclonalspecies)intowoodlandinterior/woodlandgaps.
MonitoringforJapaneseKnotweedoutsidemanagementbuffer
Anytimeduringgrowingseasonfordelineatingmanagementbuffer
Latesummerforherbicideapplications
MONITORING
Monitorprojectarea,particularlyedgesandwhereverweedcontrol/disturbanceoccurs
MonitoringNote:AtrainedVolunteerMonitoringCorpscouldbeestablishedtomonitorprojectareas.SuchagroupcouldalsointerfacewithParkvisitorsinterestedinwoodlandmanagementactivities.
Winter/earlyspring
Latespring
Mid/latesummer
VISU
ALENHAN
CEMEN
T Cutfallenbranches/deadwoodtothegroundtoenhanceaestheticsandpromotedecomposition
Oversightofpathlayout Cuttingofbranches/deadwood(mayrequireuseofachainsaw) ✪
Layingbranchesalongpathwaysasdesired
Creatingbrushpilesforwildlifeasdesired
Anytime
Note:Workwillbeeasiestinfall/winterwhenvegetationisdormant.
NOTES
1. Adjusttimingoftaskslistedaboveasnecessaryinaccordancewithweedemergenceandseasonalvariations.
2. Thetaskslistedabovevaryinscopeandamountofworkrequired.Nextstepswilldependuponbudgetandresourcesavailable.Prioritiesinclude:
− Weedswithminimalpresencethatcouldexpandifnotcontrolled(example:GarlicMustard,)− Areasofhigherqualitynativegrowth(example:interiorwoodlandsectionswithsedgesandferns)− Highvisibilityareas(example:aroundtheNatureCenterorareasvisiblefromtheboardwalk)
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IV.GLOSSARYOFSHORT-TERMWOODLANDMANAGEMENTTASKS
TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
✪ Cutdeadwood/fallenbranchestothegroundtoenhanceaestheticsandpromotedecomposition
Timing:Nov.–Marchorwhenpossible.
Cutdeadwoodandfallenbranchestothegroundusinghandtoolsandpowerequipmentasnecessary.Workisideallyscheduledforlatefall/winterwhenherbaceousvegetationisdormant,deadwoodismostvisible,anddamagetoexistinggrowthwillbeminimized.
Prioritizevisuallyprominentlocations,includingalongpaths.Cutwoodcanbeleftonthegroundtodecomposenaturally,usedtolinepathsifdesired,and/orusedtoconstructbrushpilesforwildlifeinlessvisuallyprominentlocations.(SeeAppendixBforguidelinesonbuildingbrushpiles.)
RATIONALE:Cuttingdeadwoodandfallenbranchestothegroundenhancesaesthetics,allowsforviewsthroughoutthewoodland,andpromotesdeadwooddecomposition.Deadwoodatthegroundlevelalsoserveas“nurselogs”fornaturalregenerationduetotheabsenceofcompetitionandmoistureretainedbytherootingwood.Conductingworkduringthedormantseasonavoidsdamagingdesirableherbaceousgrowthdormantduringthisperiod.
✪ CutEnglishIvyVinesgrowingverticallyontrees
Timing:Nov.–Marchorwhenpossible
WalkprojectareatoidentifyforthepresenceofEnglishIvy(Hederahibernica)ontrees(observedbyLWLAascendingtreeslocatednorthwestoftheNatureCenterbuilding,neartheboardwalk).CuttingcanoccuratanypointinthegrowingseasonbutisrecommendedforthedormantseasonforeaseofobservingtheEnglishIvyandtominimizetramplingofdesirableherbaceousgrowth.
UsehandtoolstocutEnglishIvyvinesfromthetreestopreventthevinesfromascendingintothecanopy.Cutandremoveallvinesfromthebottomcircumferenceofeachtree,takingcaretoavoiddamagingthetree’sbark.Ifneeded,useatrowelorlargescrewdrivertogentlypryorloosen(butnotdig)thevinesfromthetrunktoenablecuttingofthevineswithoutharmingthetree.Maketheclearedmarginaroundthebaseapproximatelytwotothreefeethigh.ClearvinesatleastafootawayfromthetrunkbaseandmonitorthisareaforIvyreemergence.Donotleavecutvinesonthegroundascuttingsincontactwiththesoilcanresprout.
Larger,thickervinesrootedintothetrunkwillneedtobeseveredwithaprunerorsmallsaw(withoutcuttingthetreebark)andthecutsurfaceimmediatelytreatedwith
TasksreferencedinSectionIIIaredetailedbelowinalphabeticalorder.Color-codingbelowcorrespondstocodingusedinthechartinSectionIII.Therationaleforeachtaskisasnoted.ContactLWLAwithanyquestionsregardingtaskdescriptions.
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page10of17
TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
herbicide.
Toavoiddamagingthetree,donotattempttopullvinesoutofthetrees.
Notes:
• EnglishIvyvinesontreesatLakeRolandwerecutpreviously.Vinesarebeginningtoregenerate,however,andarere-ascendingtreetrunks.
• SapofEnglishIvycancausedermatitisinsomeindividuals.Cautionshouldbeusedwhenhandlingcutvines.
• PoisonIvy(Toxicodendronradicans)sometimesco-occurswithEnglishIvy.Whiletoxictohumans,thisplantisbeneficialtowildlifeandisnotrecommendedforremovalunlessinaheavilytraffickedarea.PoisonIvycanbedistinguishedbyitsfine,reddishclingingroots.
RATIONALE:CuttingEnglishIvyvinesfromtreetrunksandpreventingthevinesfromascendingintothecanopyreducesstressontreesandminimizesIvy’sabilitytoformfruit.Timingthecuttingforthedormantseasonminimizestramplingdamagetodesirablegroundlayervegetation.
✪ "Forestrymowlargeareasofinvasiveshrubs,brambles,andwoodyvines
Timing:Nov–March
Flaganydesirablevegetation(bestdoneunderoversightofaprofessional).Forestrymowunflaggedvegetationwithinthetargetarea.Timemowingforthedormantseasontominimizedamagetodesirableherbaceousgrowth.
Oncethegrowingseasonresumes,flaganydesirablegrowththathasemergedinthemownarea.Treatanyemergentundesirablevegetationusingappropriateherbicidemethods(cutandpaintorspotfoliarapplication).
RATIONALE:Forestrymowingisanefficientwaytotargetlargeareasofinvasiveshrubs,brambles,andwoodyvines.Thebladesontheforestrymowerpulverizestems,reducingresprouting.Cuttingdownmaturegrowthratherthansprayingitreducesneedforherbicideapplicationsandherbicidedrift.
HandpullGarlicMustard
Timing:Latewinter/earlyspring
Hand-pullbasalrosettesofGarlicMustard(Allariapetiolata).Pullgentlyandsteadilytoensurethattheentirerootisremovedasremainingrootfragmentscanresprout.Tofacilitateremoval,removalwillneedtobetimedforwhenthegroundismoistandnotfrozen.Removaloftimingisrecommendedforlatewinterorearlyspringinordertominimizetramplingdamagetodesirableherbaceousgrowth.
Firmlytampthegroundwhereplantshavebeenremoved.Compostorotherwisedisposeofpulledgrowthasindividualsleftlyingonthegroundcanre-root.Second
LAKEROLANDNATURECENTER|Short-TermManagementRecommendationsforFloodplainWoods_2018-0612|page11of17
TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
yearplantscanstillproduceseedafterbeingremovedandshoulddisposedofsuchthatthedisposedplantsdonotcontaminatethedisposalorcompostingsite.
RATIONALE:Duetoitsrootmorphology,GarlicMustardcangenerallybepulledwithoutdisturbinganyneighboringdesirablegrowth.Duetoitsdistinctgarlicsmell,GarlicMustardcanbereadilyidentifiedbyvolunteers.Timingpullingforlatewinter/earlyspringisintendedtominimizetramplingdamageandavoidconfusionwithanyintermingleddesirableherbaceousspecies.
Handpullsmall,localizedinfestationsofJapaneseStiltgrass
Timing:Mid/latesummerpriortoseedset
Handpullingcanbeusedtocontrolisolated,smalloccurrencesofJapaneseStiltgrass(Microstegiumvimineum),suchasundertheNatureCenterbuildingorelsewhereinthewoodland.Handpullingismosteffectivelateinthegrowingseasonpriortoflowering(pullingsmallplantsearlierintheseasonistimeconsumingandseedscancontinuegerminatingwellintothegrowingseasonfollowingpullingefforts).Firmlytampthegroundwhereplantshavebeenremoved.Pulledplantsshouldbebaggedandremovedtopreventseedsfrommaturinganddispersingafterplantsarepulled.
RATIONALE:Handpullingsmall,localizedinfestationsofJapaneseStiltgrasscanpreventsatellitepopulationsandreducespreadofthisproblemweedtootherareas.Duetotheplant’srootmorphology,theplantcanbepulledwithoutdisturbingintermingledvegetation.Attemptingtohandpulllarge-scaleinfestationsisinmostcasesnotfeasible.
✪ Handremoveexoticherbaceousvinessmotheringnativeshrubs
Timing:Duringgrowingseasonasneeded(priortofruitproductionontargetvegetation)
Identifytargetvines—suchasSweetAutumnClematis(Clematisterniflora)—growingondesirablenativeshrubs,suchasSpicebush(Linderabenzoin).Timeremovalforpriortofruitproduction.Removevinegrowthcarefullytoavoiddamagingthedesirableshrub.Bagorcompostpulledvines.Monitorforandremoveanyregrowth.
DonotpullJapaneseHoneysuckle(Lonicerajaponica),whichrespondstodisturbancewithrampantresprouting.
Removinginvasiveexoticvinesfrominvasiveexoticshrubsisnotrecommendedforhandpullingastheseinstancesaremoreefficientlytargetedthroughforestrymowing.
RATIONALE:Removingexoticherbaceousvinessmotheringnativeshrubsisdoablebyvolunteers,avoidsherbicideapplicationthatriskcollateraldamagetotheshrub,releasestheshrubfromcompetitiontoallowforfullphotosynthesis.Removingthevinesalsoremovesplantscontributingtotheweedseedbank.
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TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
★ Herbicidecutandpainttreatmentsofscatteredinvasiveshrubs,brambles,andwoodyvines
Timing:Duringgrowingseasonasneeded
Flagalltargetvegetation.Cuttargetvegetationasclosetothegroundaspossible(cuttingcanbedonebyvolunteersaslongascuttingoccursimmediatelypriortoherbicideapplication–✪ ).Immediatelypaintorlightlysprayherbicideontothefreshcutstumppertheherbicidelabel.
RATIONALE:Cutandpainttreatmentsareappropriatewhereforestrymowingisnotfeasibleduetothescatteredoccurrencesoftargetvegetationorthepresenceofdesirablenativespecies.Cutandpainttreatmentsalsorepresenthighlylocalizedherbicideapplicationsminimizingenvironmentalimpact.
★ "Herbicidepre-emergenttreatmenttargetingJapaneseStiltgrass
Timing:Spring(2-3weekspriortoseedgermination)
IdentifytargetareasbasedonresidualJapaneseStiltgrass(Microstegiumvimineum)growthfromtheprioryear.Applypre-emergentherbicidetotargetareas.Applicationmustoccurinspring2-3weekspriortoanticipatedseedgermination.Areasreceivingbroadcastapplicationsthatcannotbecolonizedbysurroundingvegetationinatimelymannermayrequireplanting(consultLWLAforguidance).
Monitortreatedareasforemergedplantsandspottreatwithherbicideorhandpull.
RATIONALE:Pre-emergentapplicationsaredesignedtopreventgerminationofthisannualproblemweed.TheapplicationmustbetimedappropriatelypriortothegerminationperiodforJapaneseStiltgrass.
★ "Herbicidetreatmentstodeciduousweedsduringthegrowingseason
Timing:Duringgrowingseasonasneeded
Flagoffanyareasofdesirablebroadleafvegetation.Useabroadleaf-specificherbicidetoavoidcollateraldamagetoexistingnativesedges.Broadcast/spottreatnon-flaggedvegetation.Fernsshouldbeavoidedwherepossible.Wherebroadleaf-specificherbicidecannotbeused,coloniesofnativesedgesshouldbeflaggedandavoided.
Spotherbicideapplicationsarepreferabletobroadcastapplicationsbutwidespreadinfestationsmayrequirebroadcasttreatment.Areasreceivingbroadcastapplicationsthatcannotbecolonizedbysurroundingvegetationinatimelymannermayrequireplanting(consultLWLAforguidance).
RATIONALE:Abroadleafspecificherbicideisrecommendedtoavoidcollateraldamagetoexistingnativesedges.
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TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
★ Herbicidetreatmentstoevergreenweedsduringthedormantseason
Timing:Nov–March
Flaganyareasofdesirablegrowth,ifpresent.Broadcast/spottreatnon-flaggedevergreenvegetation,suchasJapaneseHoneysuckle(Lonicerajaponica)andLesserCelandine(Ficariavaria).Note:LesserCelandinemustbetreatedwheninflower(March-April).
Useabroadleaf-specificherbicidetoavoiddamagingexistingnativesedges.Wherebroadleaf-specificherbicidecannotbeused,coloniesofnativesedgesshouldbeflaggedandavoided.Fernfronds,whichcanbeaffectedbydormant-seasonapplications,shouldbeavoidedwherepossible.Spotapplicationsarepreferabletobroadcastapplicationsbutwidespreadinfestationmayrequirebroadcasttreatment.Areasreceivingbroadcastapplicationsthatcannotbecolonizedbysurroundingvegetationinatimelymannerwillrequireatemporarycovercroporpermanentplantingtostabilizesoilsandcompetewithanyweedreemergence(consultLWLAforguidance).
RATIONALE:Treatingevergreenproblemweedsduringthedormantseasonavoidsdamagingdormantdesirableherbaceousgrowth.
★ HerbicidetreatmentstoLesserCelandine
Timing:March–April
Flaganyareasofdesirablegrowth,ifpresent/evident.Broadcast/spottreatnon-flaggedLesserCelandine(Ficariavaria).TreatmentmustbetimetooccurwhenLesserCelandineisinflower.Useabroadleaf-specificherbicidetoavoiddamagingexistingnativesedges.Wherebroadleaf-specificherbicidecannotbeused,coloniesofnativesedgesshouldbeflaggedandavoided.Fernfronds,whichcanbeaffectedbydormant-seasonapplications,shouldbeavoidedwherepossible.
Spotapplicationsarepreferabletobroadcastapplicationsbutwidespreadinfestationmayrequirebroadcasttreatment.
★ MaintainamanagementbufferaroundlargeweedJapaneseKnotweedcolonythatcannotbefeasiblycontrolledinshortterm.
IdentifytheouterextentofareasofmonotypicJapaneseKnotweed(Fallopiajaponica).SpottreatanysatelliteoccurrencesofKnotweedoutsidethismanagementbuffer.HerbicideapplicationsmustbetimedforlatesummerwhenKnotweedisactivelytranslocatingtotherootsystem.
RATIONALE:MaintainingamanagementbufferaroundtheJapaneseKnotweedcolonyisintendedtoreducespreadofsatellitepopulations,particularlyinsunnygapscreatedbytreefall,andkeepthecolonycontainedtoitscurrentsize.DuetothelifecycleandcompetitivenessofJapaneseKnotweed,thisspeciesisbestcontainedthroughherbicidetreatments.
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TASK TASKDESCRIPTIONS
KEY
"Aplantingplanshouldbeinplacewherenaturalregenerationcannotadequatelyrecolonizelargetreatedareas.Plantingscouldconsistoftemporarycovercropormorepermanent,long-termvegetation.
★ Taskrecommendedforqualifiedprofessional.✪ Taskmayrequirevolunteersbeapprovedforuseofbladesand/orpowerequipment.
Monitorprojectarea,particularlyedges,sunnygaps,andwhereverweedcontrolorotherdisturbanceoccurs
Monitorprojectarea,particularlyedges,sunnygaps,andwhereverweedcontrolorothertypeofdisturbanceoccurs.Ifconductedbyvolunteers,thesevolunteersmustbeabletopositivelyidentifyproblemweeds.Monitoringisrecommendedduringthedormantseason(toassessforthepresenceofproblemevergreenweeds),duringthespring(toassessforcoolseasonproblemweeds)andduringmidtolatesummer(toassessforwarmseasonproblemweeds).Thatsaid,ifvolunteertimeisavailable,monitoringisbeneficialatanytime.
RATIONALE:Monitoringiscriticaltoidentifyingearly-stageinvasionsandensuringthatproblemweedsdonotrecolonizetreatedareasoncetargetgrowthisremoved.
✪ Stringtrimtreatedvegetationtwo(2)weeksafterherbicideapplication
Timing:Duringgrowingseasonnosoonerthan2weeksafterherbicideapplication,asdesired
Stringtrimorcuttreatedtopgrowthtoimproveappearanceofthetreatedareaasdesired.Cuttingtreatedtopgrowthshouldnotoccursoonerthantwo(2)weeksafterapplicationtoensureherbicidehasadequatetimetotranslocatetotherootsoftargetvegetation.
RATIONALE:Cuttingdowndeadtreatedgrowthimprovesaestheticsbyremovingbrownedoutgrowthamidstotherwisegreenvegetation.Thiscuttingisentirelyoptional,however,andifconducted,prioritycanbeplacedonvisuallyprominentlocations.
APPENDIXA:Thelistbelowrepresentsapartiallistofobservedvegetationbasedonfallsitewalks.ThelistdoesnotrepresentanexhaustiveinventoryoftheprojectareaandisintendedtosupplementothervegetationinventoriesofLakeRolandPark.
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AppendixA(continued)
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APPENDIXB:BrushPileGuidelines
Inlessvisuallyprominentlocations,createbrushpilesfrombranchesandlimbsoffelledtrees.Brushpilesprovideimportantnestingsites,forageopportunities,andcoverforamphibians,invertebrates,birds,andsmallmammals.Birdwatchersoftenappreciatebrushpilesbecausetheytypicallyincreasethenumberofbirdsattractedtoandusingasite.Asbrushpilesdecompose,theyallowfornaturalnutrientcycling.
Tipsformakingwildlife-friendlybrushpiles:
• Looselystackthelargestlogsandbrancheslog-cabinstyle.Donotusepressure-treatedwood,whichcanleechtoxicchemicalsintothesoilandgroundwater.
• Ifpossible,incorporatestonesintothebasetoprovideadditionalhidingspacesforwildlife.
• Buildupthepilewithsmallerbranchesuntilthepileresemblesanigloo.Weavethewoodtogethertomakethepilestable.Anirregularmatrixofbranchesprovidesmorediverseinternalspaces.Looselyplacedbranchesattheoutsideallowbirdstoenterandexiteasilyandquickly.
• Evergreenbranchesonthetopcanhelpconcealtheinteriorandkeeptheinteriordry.
• Asthepiledecomposesandshrinks,newmaterialcanbeaddedtothetopifdesired.