UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON MSc School of Human Health and Performance MSc Musculo-Skeletal Physiotherapy and MSc Sports Medicine 2001 Module Code: PHOLG002 Musculo-Skeletal Tissues in Health and Disease Time available 3 hours. Note: This paper has 3 parts. Answer all the questions in Part A and one question in Part B and one question in Part C. PART A Spend approximately 1½ hours on this part. Answer all the questions in this part.Write short notes on:

1. Fibrocartilage in tendons. 2. Calcified articular cartilage. 3. Osteoclasts. 4. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. 5. Endochondrial ossification. 6. Why immunosuppressant drugs are used in the treatment of auto-immune

diseases. 7. Why measure autoantibodies? 8. Hypermobility. 9. The possible role of bone in osteoarthritis. 10. Inflammation.

PART B Spend approximately 45 minutes on this part. Write an essay on one of the following:

11. Changes in bone with age and in osteoporosis. 12. What changes occur in bone and bones in response to strenuous loadbearing

exercise? 13. How are bone mineral content and bone mineral density measured? How do

these in vivo measures relate to macroscopic and microscopic features in skeletal tissues?

PART C Spend approximately 45 minutes on this part. Write an essay on one of the following:

14. Why is rheumatoid arthritis considered to be an immunologically mediated disease? How does our increasing understanding of the immunopathology influence our ideas about treatment?

15. Discuss the importance of antibodies in the immune response. 16. Discuss the factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.

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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON MSc School of Human Health and Performance MSc Musculo-Skeletal Physiotherapy and MSc Sports Medicine 2002 Module Code: PHOLG002 Musculo-Skeletal Tissues in Health and Disease Time available 3 hours. Note: This paper has 3 parts. Answer all the questions in Part A and one question in Part B and one question in Part C. PART A Spend approximately 1½ hours on this part. Answer all the questions in this part.Write short notes on: 1. Bone cells 1. Bone matrix 2. Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption 3. Bone fatigue and micro-cracking 4. Articular calcified cartilage 5. Degenerative joint disease 6. Osteoporosis in the elderly 7. Psoriatic arthritis 8. Antinuclear antibodies 9. A 70 year old woman complaining of dry eyes and mouth PART B Spend approximately 45 minutes on this part. Write an essay on one of the following: 10. Exercise, injury, age and the skeleton. 11. Relationships between exercise, bone mass and sex hormones. 12. Cell death in bone. PART C Spend approximately 45 minutes on this part. Write an essay on one of the following: 13. Consider the factors which conspire to cause autoimmune disease. 14. Review the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 15. Compare rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. END OF PAPER

Module Code PHOLG002 MSc Physiotherapy and MSc Sports Sciences 2003 Musculo-Skeletal Tissues in Health and Disease A. Write short notes on 5 of the 6 following: (45 mins) 1. Name 4 main groups of non-collagenous proteins in bone matrix 2. Fibrous and fibrocartilaginous entheses 3. Perforation of trabeculae in rapid postmenopausal bone loss disrupts

microarchitecture 4. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation 5. Subchondral osteosclerosis in hand radiographs 6. Forms of fibrosis B. Write short notes on 5 of the 6 following: (45 mins) 7. The major side effects of immunosuppressive drugs 8. Joint hypermobility syndrome 9. Leucocyte - endothelial interaction 10. Biological therapy for rheumatoid arthritis 11. The role of tumour necrosis factor in inflammation 12. Joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis C. Answer one of the following: (45 mins) 13. Write an essay on microdamage in bone 14. Discuss the various interpretations of the term 'bone density' in clinical and

research settings 15. Describe the changes that occur within bone and bones subjected to acute

disuse or overload D. Answer one of the following: (45 mins) 16. What part do inflammatory cytokines play in the pathogenesis of musculo-skeletal

disease? How has our increased understanding of this role influenced our approach to treatment?

17. Review with examples the factors that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases

18. Consider the roles of antibodies in health and disease. END OF PAPER

Module Code PHOLG002 MSc Physiotherapy and MSc Sports Sciences 2004 Musculo-Skeletal Tissues in Health and Disease A. Write short notes on 5 of the 6 following: (45 mins)

1. Bone mineral 2. Endochondral ossification 3. Osteoarthritis 4. Bone fatigue and micro-cracking 5. Collagen 6. Osteocytes

B. Write short notes on 5 of the 6 following: (45 mins)

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

C. Answer one of the following: (45 mins)

13. Osteoporosis: what is it, who gets it, and why? 14. Write an essay on vertebrate limb development 15. Discuss the following concept: “Mechanically adaptive bone modelling and

remodelling can be regarded as a homeostatic mechanism regulating regulating functional bone strains at each location throughout the skeleton”

D. Answer one of the following: (45 mins)

16. 17. 18.

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