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1
Shooting, Editing and Retouching for
Print Production
Tony Morella
Picture of a model in my mother’s wedding dress merged with a picture of paper samples.
2
A Little Housekeeping
Leave your images with my assistant now You can pick up your print, samples and drive at the end
Feel Free to ask questions during the presentation If the answer is too long I’ll talk too you later
Fill out the Hahnemuhle Raffle Form completely! You can win a 13x19 box of paper worth up to $200*
*Retail value based upon paper you choose
I’m a PC user, My screen shots are of PC software Please don’t ask how it’s done on a MAC
I can answer questions about your prints at the end Your images will not be saved to our computer
3
My BackgroundBachelors In Fine Art Photography
Technician and Product Manager
Product Manager at Anitec
Product and Marketing Kodak
Software Product Manager Ricoh
InkJet Press Consultant Epson
My Career History
4
TodayI own and operate a print shop:
Digital Printing
Digital Image Manipulation
Digital Photography
www.digitaleditionsatelier.com
Digital Editions Atelier is the company I started 5 years ago. These images are all from clients of mine
5
Who Invented Photography?
William Henry Fox Talbot
1839 is the inventor of the photographic
process we use today,
(Negative/Positive) but it didn’t catch
on for 40 yrs.
Joseph NicéphoreNiépce
1826 First person to get a photographic image to stay on
anything. Was trying to make a printing plate! 1833 dies and, leaves his
notes to Louis Daguerre
Louis Daguerre1839, Niépce’
partner brings this (Direct Positive)
product to market with some
improvements and starts the
photography business.
Niepce was trying to make a better printing plate because:
It was the age of the Atelier (French Print Studio)
The virtues of finely drawn and carefully printed etchings were promoted by landscape painters of the Barbizon School and the American expatriate James McNeil Whistler (17.3.85). Although the graphic arts, in the labored precision of their production, were generally viewed as antithetical to the Impressionists' aims to produce fugitive, atmospheric effects,Édouard Manet (1980.1077), Edgar Degas (19.29.2), and Camille Pissarro (21.46.1) extended their reach by exploring the possibilities of etching, aquatint, and lithography. Degas, the finest draftsman of these three painters, experimented in making monotypes by printing onto paper images he had worked up in ink on sheets of glass or metal.
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How do you make a good digital Print?
It requires 3 elements
The right exposure
The right software tools
The right printer settings
7
The Basics
1. Shooting: With the intent of printing Know what your camera can do Use camera settings that are print friendly Get exposures that print well
2. Editing: Tonal Range and Color Space Soft Proof before you print Manipulate the Tonal Range for print Manipulate the colors to print
3. Printer Settings: Optimized Choose optimum size to print Choose optimum Rendering Intent to use Choose optimum settings for the paper
What we will cover
8
No image prints as you saw it!
Most Cameras can’t capture everything you can seeMost Monitors can’t show everything you captureNo Printer can print everything your screen shows
Each step has limitations
Limited Tonal Range
Limited Color Reproduction
Limited Luminescence
Printing is the art of navigating around the limitations
The misconceptions of WYSIWYG. We are not there yet but I’m sure we will be soon.
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Understanding Your Camera
It’s Setting Trade offs
It’s Lens Limitations
It’s Tonal Range Limits
It’s Sensor Limitations
The more you know the better you can Navigate
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Before You Shoot
Set White balanceAuto WB usually works wellYou may want to trim it to your taste
Set your color spacePro Photo captures the most colors
Adobe RGB is the most universal
sRGB captures the least colors
If you have a high end printer use the most
If you are printing at Walmart use sRGB
Set your file typeIf you are going to retouch you want the pixel depth of RAW
Full Auto Exposure can be trouble…
The camera doesn’t know the fstop sweet spot
The camera doesn’t know the subject is moving
Control your Exposure
Mind your ISOAuto ISO can be troubleLower is betterHigh ISO = NoiseBigger prints=bigger noise
Use your toolsSpot Meter
Exposure Lock
EV adjustments
Active lighting
Steady Shot
Check your HistogramIt shows how much range you captured
Things to keep in mind before you begin shooting
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Evaluate the Tonal Range
Misty Day
Scenes have varying Tonal Ranges
Average Day{{ Color Film
Color Print
B&W Print
B&W Film{
Bright Day
Digital Technology has limited ability to capture Tonal Range Digital Cameras Film Monitors Printers
Tonal Range. We want a picture that shows what we saw. Since it’s not possible we need to control our print workflow to get as close perceptually as possible
12
Dynamic Range
Each camera can capture a specific range In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging
The camera reads the range and centers itADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops
Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture
Average day no problem
With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
13
Dynamic Range
Each camera can capture a specific range In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging
The camera reads the range and centers itADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops
Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture
Avg. Day=7 f Stops
Average day no problem
With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
14
Dynamic Range
Each camera can capture a specific range In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging
The camera reads the range and centers itADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
Sunny Day=19 f Stops
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops
Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture
Average day no problem
With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
15
Cameras Are Getting Better
Nikon Native DR9.3 f Stops
Nikon Extended DR11.7 f Stops
Canon Native DR9.7 f Stops
Canon Extended DR10.3 f Stops
Their Dynamic Range capabilities are getting better
9.7 f Stops
11.7 f Stops
DRO ADL HTP are In Camera image processing software
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
16
Digital Cameras Produce Noise
Lowlight scenes produce more noise because the photons are weakest
The smaller the photosites are the more likely you will get noise
Two cameras with the same megapixels
Noise occurs when a photon of light goes to the wrong photosite
Sensors are millions of photosensitive sites called Photosites
Noise
Example: 2 sensors with 24 MP
How does noise occur
17
DXO Labs ComparisonNotice the top 10 are almost all Full Framesensors
DXO labs Top 10 comparison. Keep in mind if you can resort the list depending on the type of photography you predominately do: Sports,Landscapes,Portraits
18
Digital is Like Slide FilmWhen shooting… Spot Meter what matters
Expose for the highlight detail
Good prints have detail In the Highlights and the Shadows
Err to the underexposed Most Shadow detail is retrievable
If a Highlight is clipped it’s not retrievable
The histograms show dynamic range you captured
Shoot for the highlights process for the shadows. The same as we did for Color Slide film The opposite of what we did for Color and B&W Negative film
19
Meter What MattersExample 1
Auto Exposure is programmed to…
Expose for the mid-tones. It lightens the image overall
What the photographer was thinking
“ I want to see printed detail in the highlights so I want to let less light in”
1. Point spot meter to the highlight2. Lock in the exposure3. Reframe 4. Shoot
How to meter for what matters Example 1
20
Meter What MattersExample 2
What the auto exposure does:
Reads too much light and closes down
What the photographer wants
“ That dog should be white I need more light ”
• Use EV to add light
• Meter the highlight
• Lock the Exposure
• Reframe if you like
• Take the shot
How to meter for what matters Example 2
21
HDRIHigh Dynamic Range Imaging
A method of rendering an image that is closer to what the eye can truly see.Use a Tripod
Step :1 expose for the highlights
Step :2 expose for the Shadows
Step :3 Merge the two together with software
{Photoshop, Lightroom 4, Other}
You can adjust how much of each exposure is used
Software method of HDR
22
In Camera HDR
The camera automatically shoots up to 7 shots at different exposuresUse a Tripod
In Camera method of HDR.
23
First Photographer to use HDR?
Gustave Le Gray In 1850s
Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two in the darkroom
In the 1850s and 1860s this was probably the most famous photographic image in Europe. A London photographic dealer reported 800 prints ordered within the first two months of sale.
800 prints in two months!
24
Good Prints Have SharpDetail
Use a good lens
Shoot at the optimum
25
A Word About Lenses
Canon EF 50mm f1.4 USM Vs Sigma 50mm f1.4 EX DG HSM
Research your lens before you buy
Choose your Lens
Choose Your Cameras
http://www.the-digital-picture.com/
26
Another Word About Lenses
Canon 50mm f1.4 Vs Sigma 50mm f1.4
Sharp in the center isn’t always sharp at the extremes
http://www.dpreview.com/
27
The f Stop Sweet Spot
http://www.dpreview.com/
28
Zoom Vs Prime
Canon Zoom @ 24mm Vs Canon Prime 24mmCompared at their Optimum f Stop
http://www.dpreview.com/
29
Understanding ColorEditing compensates for printing
deficiencies
30
1st Calibrate Your Monitor
Do it Yourself http://mansurovs.com/how-to-calibrate-your-
monitor
Buy a Monitor calibrator $169.00
Buy a Camera, Monitor, Printer calibrator $449.00
http://www.xritephoto.com
Also a lot of great videos explaining color management
31
They Work Like This
Load The softwareHang the device on your monitorHit nextThe Software flashes colorsThe Device reads the colorsIt creates a Profile of your monitorSave the profileUse it when looking at imagesTip: Evaluate color in a darkened room
http://www.xritephoto.com
Also a lot of great videos explaining color management
32
Why Didn’t My Colors Print?
Color is a complex phenomena The eye can capture a lot of color
Unfortunately most technology cannot
Print captures the least
Fortunately most people forget what they saw!
The range of colors a person can see or a device can reproduce is called its:
Color Space or Color Gamut
33
The Human Eye CIE 1931- First Map of What the Eye Can See
Each color was defined with coordinates
based upon The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
CIE- International Commission on Illumination
34
The Color Space
The 1977 L.A.B. color Space can be viewed from all angles
In 1977 the CIE released a 3D map of the colors we can see
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm
35
Color Space is a 3D MapYou Navigate the space using only 3 coordinates
This spot would be something like
50% L50% +A10% -B
The coordinates for color are expressed in %L ,%A,%B
Black Point
White Point
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm
36
Color Spaces Can be Compared
A map of what the eye can see (Wire)A map of what Monitor can show sRGB (Solid)
A color that falls here can be seen by your eye but not reproduced on a monitor. It's Out of Gamut for the Monitor color space sRGB
Here are two color space maps
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm
37
What Epson Glossy
Can Print
(Solid)
What The
Monitor Shows(Wire)
Out Of Gamut Colors
This Would be a Color your Monitor can show but this Printer/Paper
combination can not print
Paper Manufacturers Test Papers on Different Printers
Once a Manufacturer maps his product he
publishes the info in a language a computer
can understandIt’s called an
ICC Profile
http://www.northscape.co.uk/colour-managed-workflow
38
Color Spaces are Subsets
Human EyeAdobe RGB sRGB
9 Color,Printer
4 ColorPrinter
Subsets which pretty much fit inside each other
39
Understanding PixelsOnce the Camera Sensor records the light it is turned into numeric information (Binary) for
your computer to use called Pixels
It’s uses Binary because computers only use 2 numbers
0= off and 1= on
How can a machine that only understands 2 numbers do so much!
40
Pixels are Measured in Bits
Cameras record12 or 14 bits per Colorcalled Raw.
Most cameras save as Jpeg or RawJpeg is a compression technology that reducesthe bits/pixel levels to 8 bits28 =256
Bit Depth are the levels from darkest to lightest within each pixel
Raw Jpeg
Computers read bits aseither Off =0 or On =1 (binary)212 =4,096 214=16,384
The power of 2
41
Save Your Files as Tiffs
Blackest black Whitest white
Raw Files are converted to Tiffs by your computer
Tiffs stretch the raw file to 16 bits of information per Pixel
8 bit256 levelsper color
16 bit 65,536 levels
per color
Jpegs Tiffs
Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors.
42
Advantage of Bit DepthUnder Exposed Image Corrected Image
Lightening the image spreads the pixel out
Jpeg Version Tiff Version
Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors. Here is why.
43
Editing and Processing
Basic tools:ICC ProfilesSoft Proofing Gamut Color ControlLevels AdjustmentRendering Intent
The software tools to adjust the image for optimum viewing
and printing
No matter who is doing the printing!
44
What Is an ICC ProfileA standard created by (International Color Consortium)ICC was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create an open, vendor-neutral color management systemAdobe, Agfa, Apple, Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Taligent. It’s computer code for communicating color info It defines what colors can be projected and/or printed It’s essential for printing good color I make them for some of my clients who print with me
45
Papers Have ICC Profiles
Most Inkjet paper manufactures provide themFor each different paper they make
You can download them from their websites
They are specific to the equipment being usedThe Brand
The Model
The Inks
Epson
Color Stylus Pro 9890
Ultrachrome K3 Inks
You can make your own
46
Here Is How it WorksPrint the test chartRead the test chart
Save and install the profile
If someone else prints for you, send them these files to print first
(Actually Two 8x10 prints)
Make your own profiles for the ultimate in color control. Or send them to the printer you send your images to to print.
47
Why use ICC Profiles? ICC profiles define the colors of the entire workflow In printing the profile describes the paper to the computer:
How white is the whiteHow reflective is the surfaceHow much ink it can hold
Your computer uses this info to make adjustmentsWhat the monitor shows (Soft Proofing)What colors the Paper/Printer combo can printHow much ink to print
48
My Workflow
Raw File Raw File
Adobe BridgeAdobe
Camera Raw
Adobe Photoshop
TIFF or JPEG
TIFF
49
Adobe Bridge
A Light Table
50
Adobe Camera Raw
Initial Image Processing (Development) Straighten
Lens Correction
Chromatic Aberration
Sharpening & Noise Reduction
51
Adobe Camera RawStraighten
52
Adobe Camera RawLens Correction
53
Adobe Camera RawChromatic Aberration
54
Adobe Camera RawSharpening & Noise Reduction
55
Adobe Photoshop
Fine Tuning for Print Size Print
Soft ProofFor Paper Stock
For Color Gamut
Levels Adjustment
Sharpen For Print
Print Dialog Screen
56
Size Print
57
A Word About SizeSize Matters
35mm Scanned at 4000dpi Up to 27”x18” print
58
A Word About SizeSize Matters
If you want to push it-Use Perfect Resize from
OnOne software
Perfect resize from OnOne software
http://www.ononesoftware.com/products/resize8/
Even does my Gallery wraps
59
A Word About SizeSize Matters
35mm Scanned at 4000dpi Up to 27”x18” print
Don’t throw away those old negs!
60
Soft Proofing Your Images
View > Proof Setup > Custom To pick your ICC Profile Which brings up the list Choose Proof conditions
In Photoshop
345
2
1
Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
61
Soft Proofing Your Images
Colors that will not Print
Out Of Gamut Color
View > Gamut Warning Out of Gamut colors get
highlighted
Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
62
Controlling Color Window > Adjustments> Hue/Saturation Tool
Begin adjusting
Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
63
Adjusting Contrast Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool
Adjusting contrast while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
64
Adjusting Contrast Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool
Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
65
Sharpen to Print Filter > Sharpen> Smart Sharpen
Sharpening before you print
66
Print Dialog
34
5
2
1 Printer Set-Up
Color HandlingChoose ProfileRendering IntentBlack Point
Printer Settings
67
Printer Settings
3
4
5
21
Media Type
Color or B&W
Quality Level
Mode
Put up & Size
Print Preview6
Save
Back to Photoshop
68
Hit Print
69
Absolute and Saturated
Rendering IntentRelative and Perceptual
Relative Colorimetric will clip any colors that are outside the printer/paper capability which can result in a flattened image in terms of color. On the plus side it matches colors it can print perfectly.
Perceptual Intent retains the relationship between colors, the spacing in the values, it doesn't clip colors but drops the saturation in very saturated colors.
Rendering Intent when to use which. Our eyes are more sensitive to the perceptional relationship between colors rather than the actual color.
70
Not all Print Equipment is the
Same
Better Printers Make Better Prints
Just a little self promotion here
71
Variety of Printers on the Market
All Color Printers start with CMYK InksFactors that change the color gamut Print Technology Used
Dye-sublimation (heated dyes)Xerographic (charged toner particles)Ink Jet (dyes or Pigments)
Dyes Vs PigmentsDyes- more brilliantPigments- last longer
Quality of the Inks used Quality of the Papers they can print on Number of colors (more is better)
C,Lc,M,Lm,Y,PK,MK,Lk,LLk,
More Colors is always better new 12 color printers have even more color gamut
72
Ink-Jet PrintersPredominant Type: Drop-on-demandTwo Varieties of these
Thermal inkjet printer Ink is pumped into Chamber Chamber is heated Heat pushes drops of ink onto paper
HP, Canon, and Lexmark
Piezo-electric inkjet printer, Ink is pumped into Chamber Electric charge vibrates crystal, Crystal pushes ink onto paper
Epson
Tech Wars: Epson has higher resolution but Canon clogs less often and is more self maintained (a blessing when print heads need to be replaced)
73
The New Hay Day of PhotographyInkJet has returned it with a Passion!The products on the market are endless! Weights (vellum, single, double, card stock) You name it!
Sizes (from 4x5 up to 66 in x 100 ft rolls.)
Base colors Can match photo white (Plus: cream, ivory, Silver, Gold, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue and more)
Textures Can match photo glossy, pearl and matte (Plus: linen, silk, (Real Silk!) canvas, leather, cotton, and metal!
Fine Art Papers which have been made for centuries Including, Watercolor, Bamboo, Sugar Cane, Rice and 100% Cotton are now Inkjet coated
You can even coat your own!
The range of products is amazing! My philosophy is: The Image isn’t done till it’s printed ( of course). The wide variety allows photographers to add an extra element to help deliver their visual message home.
74
Post Printing Ink-Jet Tips
Inks are mostly water therefore:They need to Gas Out (24hr dry)Don’t touch the surface (use gloves)Maintain a good Relative HumidityKeep printer covered when not printingPrint oftenBefore your vacation:Remove the heads (if possible)Run a cleaning cycle
After your vacation:Run a cleaning cycle
75
Some of My Resourceshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm
http://www.the-digital-picture.com/
http://shutha.org
http://www.hdrphototutorial.com/capturing-enough-dynamic-range/
http://sketchminded.blogspot.com
http://www.dxomark.com
http://www.digitalphotographylive.com
http://www.dpreview.com/
http://www.hahnemuehle.com/en/digital-fineart.html
http://www.canson-infinity.com/en/index.asp
http://www.redrivercatalog.com/
I also included the paper manufactures sites so you can download the ICC profiles.
Have Fun!
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It’s Time to Raffle!