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Shock wave propagation across the column of dusted glow discharge in different gases. A.S.Baryshnikov, I.V.Basargin, M.V.Chistyakova Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Russia. PROBLEM. Reducing a drag of air vehicles (due to destabilization and destruction of bow shock wave ), - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Shock wave propagation across the column of
dusted glow discharge in different gases
ASBaryshnikov IVBasargin MVChistyakova
Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
Russia
PROBLEMbull Reducing a drag of air vehicles (due to destabilization and destruction of bow
shock wave)
Moreover Temperature and Heat Flux to surface are dropping
bull Controlling a flight of them
bull Without great energy deposition TMB 2010 2
EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVE INSTABILITY DUE TO
ENDOTHEMIC REACTION bull EARLIER well known instability due to
exothermic reaction detonation combustion
Gas Temperature increases
bull NOW Dissociation Ionization Excitation of inner degrees of energy
Gas Temperature dropsTMB 2010
3
Problem
bull When velocity of body riches the amount at which Chemical dissociation (not exothermic reaction) takes the place
bull Just a disturbances on bow shock wave are arising
bull The flow behind body becomes disturbed in such manner as for turbulent flow
bull Itrsquos important that such rdquoturbulencerdquo is outside the wake flow region
1 1 Flow of the chemically reacting stable polyatomic gases (CF2Cl2)
TMB 2010 4
Fig1 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=39 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=38middot10 4 Pа
Wake turbulence
Single vortex
Disturbance on bow shock wave
М0=39
5TMB 2010
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
PROBLEMbull Reducing a drag of air vehicles (due to destabilization and destruction of bow
shock wave)
Moreover Temperature and Heat Flux to surface are dropping
bull Controlling a flight of them
bull Without great energy deposition TMB 2010 2
EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVE INSTABILITY DUE TO
ENDOTHEMIC REACTION bull EARLIER well known instability due to
exothermic reaction detonation combustion
Gas Temperature increases
bull NOW Dissociation Ionization Excitation of inner degrees of energy
Gas Temperature dropsTMB 2010
3
Problem
bull When velocity of body riches the amount at which Chemical dissociation (not exothermic reaction) takes the place
bull Just a disturbances on bow shock wave are arising
bull The flow behind body becomes disturbed in such manner as for turbulent flow
bull Itrsquos important that such rdquoturbulencerdquo is outside the wake flow region
1 1 Flow of the chemically reacting stable polyatomic gases (CF2Cl2)
TMB 2010 4
Fig1 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=39 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=38middot10 4 Pа
Wake turbulence
Single vortex
Disturbance on bow shock wave
М0=39
5TMB 2010
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVE INSTABILITY DUE TO
ENDOTHEMIC REACTION bull EARLIER well known instability due to
exothermic reaction detonation combustion
Gas Temperature increases
bull NOW Dissociation Ionization Excitation of inner degrees of energy
Gas Temperature dropsTMB 2010
3
Problem
bull When velocity of body riches the amount at which Chemical dissociation (not exothermic reaction) takes the place
bull Just a disturbances on bow shock wave are arising
bull The flow behind body becomes disturbed in such manner as for turbulent flow
bull Itrsquos important that such rdquoturbulencerdquo is outside the wake flow region
1 1 Flow of the chemically reacting stable polyatomic gases (CF2Cl2)
TMB 2010 4
Fig1 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=39 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=38middot10 4 Pа
Wake turbulence
Single vortex
Disturbance on bow shock wave
М0=39
5TMB 2010
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Problem
bull When velocity of body riches the amount at which Chemical dissociation (not exothermic reaction) takes the place
bull Just a disturbances on bow shock wave are arising
bull The flow behind body becomes disturbed in such manner as for turbulent flow
bull Itrsquos important that such rdquoturbulencerdquo is outside the wake flow region
1 1 Flow of the chemically reacting stable polyatomic gases (CF2Cl2)
TMB 2010 4
Fig1 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=39 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=38middot10 4 Pа
Wake turbulence
Single vortex
Disturbance on bow shock wave
М0=39
5TMB 2010
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Fig1 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=39 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=38middot10 4 Pа
Wake turbulence
Single vortex
Disturbance on bow shock wave
М0=39
5TMB 2010
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Fig2 Instability of bow shock wave in front of segmental body Flow Mach number М0=61 Gas CF2Cl2
Pressure in flow Р0=43middot10 4 Pа
М0=61
6TMB 2010
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
bull Could - for Air for high Mach number (2-5)
(Mach number defined to the speed of sound
of the uncharged heavy particles)
22 Plasma is active mediumPlasma is active mediumCould energy release to translation Could energy release to translation
freedom degrees freedom degrees
TMB 2010 7
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Behind fast shock wave
pressure growth is proportional to +1 (ndashratio of specific thermo capacities
which in plasma is close to 1)
bullTemperature grows much less bullbecause its growth is proportional to -1
bullElectron concentration arises bullwith temperature much faster
bullbut it drops with the pressure growth
210423 8TMB 2010
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
in according the Huguenot laws
1
1
1
2 20
MPP
22
2
0
1
1
1
2
M
M
TT
1
1
2 2M
22 dM
dT
T
K
dM
dP
P
KRg
1
1
1
2
1
21
1
21
1
2
1
1)(1
1
2)(2
24
0
2
0
0
MM
MT
T
T
KI
P
PRTK og
Derivative will take the form
Equilibrium concentration of binary reaction )(TKne
equilibrium constant Tk
I
BeTTK
)(
2dM
dne
210423 9
α
TMB 2010
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
If for any Mach number will be lt than calculation curve
electron concentration will be reducing with rising of Mwhich could correspond to recombination behind shock wave or to the
flash of radiation
power index of temperature of preexponential factor in equilibrium constant
3
Mach number
Region of instability
CpCv in plasma
210423 10TMB 2010
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
bull Here is a stationary plasma of glow discharge
bull Experiments was made in the installation of electromagnetic shock tube
bull for low transonic Mach number in plasma (hot region) (Mach number is defined to the speed of sound of the slight disturbances of the density of the uncharged heavy particles in hot plasma region)
3 3 Low speed plasma flowLow speed plasma flow
TMB 2010 11
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Installation
1- camera 2- electromagnetic shock tube (EMST) 3- central electrode of EMST 4- flanges from organic glass 5- the anode 6- cathode 7- receiver 8 - rod 9- piezoelectric pickup 10- quartz rod 11- gate of evacuation 12- pump 13- gate of gas inlet 14- manometers
Experimental camera
Electromagnetic
shock tube
piezoelectric pickup
piezoelectric pickup
PUMPanode
TMB 2010 12
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Regimes
bullMaximum of shock wave speed = 2 kms
bullThe gas pressure in camera was 4103 Pa (36 Torr)
bullIn experiments we have a time distribution of signal from piezo pickup oriented towards the shock wave(It corresponds to pressure distribution behind the shock
wave )
bullElectrical current in discharge = 1 A up to 25Abull Voltage of discharge = 1 kV up to 10 kV
TMB 201013
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Usual electron temperature distribution across the positive column of glow discharge
1012 1cm3
Electron temperature has the same profile ndash plate ndash 1 eV
TMB 201014
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Usual gas temperature distribution across the positive column of
1200 K
TMB 2010 15
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Signal from piezo pickup without the plasma in hot air (usual triangular form)
TMB 2010 16
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Signal from piezo pickup in the plasma (two wave form)
TMB 2010 17
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
bull Low dustiness - preliminary results
bull Dust concentration is about 20 mg per cubic meter that is comparable with natural concentration
TMB 2010 18
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration (in ten times less) of dust
(20mg in m3 emission of laser as absorbed by 4 )2- maximum dustiness (solid gradient line)
1- dustiness is two times lower (dashed line) 0 - without the dust (solid line)
in the center of discharge column the initial velocity of shock wave
Is the same 16 kms
Air N2
TMB 201019
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
bull High dustiness - refined results
bull Dust concentration is about 200 mg per cubic meter
bull Refined bull with increased measurement precisionbull by reducingof time discretness at signal recordingbull to order from 200 ns to 20 ns bull It enables to average number experiments at each
registration pointbull (In this study there was an averaging of 10 experiments)
TMB 2010 20
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
TMB 2010 21
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
TMB 2010 22
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
TMB 2010 23
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
1)For carbon dust Weak influence of dustiness
for the small concentration of dust (20mg per m3)
as for Air and for N2 and Ar
2)BUT THERE IS INFLUENCE for great concentration( in ten
time greater)
21) No influence for Air without plasma
22) No appreciable influence in Air plasma
23) Great influence for Argon plasma
Summary
TMB 2010 24
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Further
bull Investigation
A) Strange strong dust dependence on the type of gas
B) Dust dependence on the kind of dust
C) Dust dependence in course of time after disconnection of discharge
TMB 2010 25
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
bull Some part of this work was made under the financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
project N 06-08-00663-а
TMB 2010 26
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
Thank you very much
TMB 2010 27
