Ship Design II

Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Marine Technology

Course Outline

SHIP DESIGN II

COURSE CONTENTS

Project 1 : Lines Plan DrawingProject II : Hydrostatics CalculationProject III : General Arrangement Design

LecturerHj. Yahya bin Samian

[email protected]

Jan 2006

Yahya Samian, Dept Marine Tech, FKM, UTM - SML 5532 / SMK 4532 –Ship Design II – Course Outline - 1/3

COURSE OUTLINE

Depatment & Faculty : Department ofMarine Technology, Faculty of MechanicalEngineering

Page : 1 of. 3

Subject & Code : Ship Design II (RekaBentuk Kapal II) SML 5332 / SMK 4532

Semester : IIAcademic Session : 2005-06

Lecturer : Yahya Bin SamianRoom No. : P22 - 201Tel. No. : 07 – 5535701E-mail : [email protected]

Synopsis :

This design subject covers several ship design projects including preparation of lines plandrawing, hydrostatics calculation, general arrangement drawing and capacity calculation. Eachstudent will be given specific design problem. The emphasis in this design projects is more towardhands on application of theory and calculation from previous subjects.

Learning Outcomes :

It is expected that at the end of this subject, the student is able to;

i. Design the ship hull forms, manually prepare a complete lines plan drawing and evaluatethe smoothness and fairness of the lines drawn within the given time frame.

ii. Design and draw the General Arrangement (Layout) of the ship according to its intendedpurpose.

iii. Carry out Hydrostatics Calculation correctly and Present it in the appropriate table andgraphs.

iv. Prepare complete design reports according the specify format for each of the aboveproject

v. Acquire and applied additional knowledge from other sources in solving the designproblem

vi. Work in team effectively by organizing, discussing and distributing the design tasks.vii. Present the design project orally and in writing effectively within the specified time frame

Generic Skills Adressed :

i. Lifelong Learning (LL1)ii. Team Working (TW1 – TW5)iii. Problem Solving (PS1 – PS3)iv. Communication Skills (CS1-CS3)

Prepared by :Name : Yahya SamianSignature :Date : 27th. January 2005

Certified by : (course coordinator)Name: Yahya SamianSignature :Date :


COURSE OUTLINE


Page : 2 of. 3



Weekly schedule :

Week 1-5 : Lines Plan Drawing

a. Briefing on Course Contents, Assessment Methods and Subject Requirementsb. Brief Revision on Lines Plan Drawingc. Reading Offset Data from Basis Shipd. Converting Offset data to suit the New Design Requirementse. Preparation of Body Plan Drawing, Half Breadth Plan and Sheer Planf. Checking accuracy, smoothness and Fairness of the lines drawng. Briefing on Report Writing and Preparation of reporth. Short Presentation for selected group

Week 6, 7, 9 & 10 :Hydrostatics Calculation

a. Brief Revision on Hydrostatics of a Shipb. Preparation of offsets datac. Briefing on calculation procedures step by stepd. Calculation of Hydrostaticse. Preparation of Hydrostatics and Bonjean Curvesf. Preparation of reportg. Short Presentation for selected group

Week 8 : Mid Semester Break

Week 11-15 :General Arrangement and Layout Design

a. Briefing on General Arrangement Design Procedureb. Study on basis ship GAc. Preparation of GA drawingd. Capacity calculation on Cargo hold and tankse. Report Writingf. Short Presentation for selected group

Prepared by :Name : Yahya SamianSignature :Date : 27th. January 2005



COURSE OUTLINE


Page : 3 of. 3



References :

1. Practical Ship Design, David G.M. Watson, Elsevier, Singapore, 19982. Ship Design For Efficiency and Economy, H. Schneekluth, Butterworths, 20003. Engineering Economics & Ship Design, I.L. Buxton, British Ship Research Association.4. Introduction to Engineering Design, N.L. Svensson, Pitman, 1976.5. Economic Optimisation Procedures in Preliminary Ship Design, K.W. Fisher, Naval Architect,

April 1997 p.p. 293-317.6. The Economic Design of Bulk Cargo Carriers, A.W. Gilfillan, Trans. Rina 1969 p.p. 113-140.7. Concept Exploration - An Approach to Small Warship Design, M.C. Eames & T.G.

Drummond, Naval Architect, March 1977, p.p. 29-54.8. Some Ship Design Methods, D.G.M. Watson & A.W. Gilfillan, N.A. July 1977. p.p. 279-324.9. A Ship Design Procedure, T. Lamb, Marine Technology, October 1969. p.p. 362-40510. Ship Design With Computer Aids, G.R. Snaith & M.N. parker, Trans. NEC 1972. p.p. 151-

17211. Computer Application in Ship Technology, C.Kuo, Heyden 1977.12. Ship Repair Steel Renewal Rates, J.F. Carreyette. N.A. 1977, 4, 314.13. Creative Ship Design by Computer, K.J. Maccallum, Computer Appication in the Automation

of Shipyard Operation and Ship Design IV.14. Ship Design and Construction, Robert Taggart, SNAME, 1980.

Assessment :

The students will be working in group (consists of three student per group) and each group willbe given a specific design problem. Assessment is 100 % based on the design projects (Reportand Drawing) with individual assessment made during the design session or/and short tests.Typical Break down is as follows;

Report and Drawing : 60 % (Content – 55 % and Problem Solving skill – 5 %)Presentation : 10 % (Contents – 5 % and Communication Skill – 5 %)Tests : 20 % (Correct answer – 15 % and Problem solving skill – 5 %)Team Work : 10 % (Team Work Skill)

Prepared by :Name : Yahya Samian

Signature :Date : 27th. January 2005


PROJECT 1LINES PLAN DRAWING

Project 1 - Lines Plan Drawing -1/2

Yahya Samian, Dept Marine Tech, FKM, UTM - SML 5532 / SMK 4532 – Ship Design II -– Jan 2006

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKALUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

JABATAN TEKNOLOGI MARIN

SUBJECT : SHIP DESIGN II (STUDIO WORK)CODE : SML 5532PROJECT 1 : LINES PLAN DRAWINGDURATION : 5 WeeksDATE LINE : 31st. January. 2006

INSTRUCTION

Every student is required to prepare a complete set of Lines Plan Drawing (in A1 or A0 sizepaper). This drawing must includes Body Plan, Half Breadth Plan, Sheer Plan, Title Block,Principal Dimension and Offsets Data. Lines Plan must be drawn according to the requireddimension and the hull form shall be derived from the given basis ship. Following are thenecessary steps as guidelines to be taken during the drawing project.

1. Based on the given lines plan and principal dimension of the basis ship, determine the scaleof the given drawing. Choose the known dimension in determining the correct scale.

2. Determine the principal dimension of the new ship. Calculate the distortion/expansionfactors in order to draw the new lines plan. Distortion factors may be different for X(Ship’slength), Y (Breadth) and Z (Depth) axis.

3. On the body plan drawing of the basis ship, draw several waterlines with equal spacing. Itis desirable to draw the waterlines up to the highest point of the bulwark line. Label yourwaterline number carefully.

4. Measure and record the offsets data for every waterlines and stations from the basis bodyplan. Measurement can either be done directly using the scaled ruler (provided the scalematched with the drawing scale as in 1) or measured using normal ruler and then multiply thedata with the drawing scale. Record the measurement systematically in table form. Some ofthe important points (Such as Knuckles, chines, sharp turns etc) are not exactly located on thewaterlines, therefore measure and record the Y and Z coordinates of these points.

5. Using the distortion factors (refer to step 2) calculate the new offsets data. Also calculatethe new waterlines spacing and station spacing.

6. Determine the drawing paper size and the drawing scale for the new lines plan. Thesevalues have to be determined based on ship length and the distance between drawing. Useappropriate scale and size. The space for title block, main dimension and offsets table must begiven consideration during the selection of paper size and drawing scale.

7. Draw the main box and grid lines for all three plans (i.e. station, waterlines and buttock linesgrid). The grid lines must be drawn based on the spacing values calculated in step 5 above.Label these lines accordingly.

8. Select one station (it is good practice to start from midship station). For this station mark theoffset data on each waterlines in the body plan grid. Using ship curve draw a station curveby connecting these offsets mark. Make sure the curve drawn is smooth and fair. Repeatthis step for other stations . Label the station number accordingly. Now your body plan isalmost completed.

Project 1 - Lines Plan Drawing -2/2

Yahya Samian, Dept Marine Tech, FKM, UTM - SML 5532 / SMK 4532 – Ship Design II -– Jan 2006

9. On the sheer plan grid, draw the profile of the new ship based on the profile of the basisship. The new profile coordinates is to be determined by multiplying the coordinate of thebasis profile (at selected points) with the appropriate distortion factors (refer to step 2).

10. To draw the half breadth plan, you need to use a clean sheet of white paper A4 size. Markthe offsets data from body plan at a selected waterline on the edge of this paper. Bring theoffsets mark on to the half breadth plan grid and mark it on appropriate stations . Thepoint at both end (frd and aft) shall be determined by projecting the intersection pointsbetween waterline and profile at sheer plan drawing (as in step 9) to the half breadth plan atcentre line. Draw a smooth and fair waterline curve by connecting all the marked pointsusing weight and batten. Repeat this step for other waterlines. Label the waterlines numberaccordingly. Your half breadth plan is almost completed.

11. Draw the sheer plan based on the completed body plan and half breadth plan drawings. First,draw buttock lines (at least 3 buttock lines) on both drawings. On the body plan drawing,mark the intersection points between the selected buttock line grid and the station curves.Draw a horizontal lines from these points to the corresponding stations grid on the sheerplan and mark the intersection points accordingly. Next, on the half breadth plan, mark theintersection points between the selected buttock lines grid (as in body plan) and thewaterlines curves. Draw a vertical lines from these points to the corresponding waterlinesgrid on the sheer plan and mark accordingly. The buttock line curve is drawn by connectingall the intersection marks either on the stations or waterlines grids. Make sure the curvedrawn is smooth and fair. Repeat the above step for other buttock lines

12. While drawing the buttock lines curves, you may have to move/shift some of the intersectionpoints in order to draw a smooth and fair curves. In doing so, it is essential to understandthat any movement of point on a particular plan will eventually changed the position ofthe corresponding points on the other two plans. Therefore it is desirable to do cross checkall plans whenever any points need to be shifted. Special care must be given and themovement of the point must be done simultaneously on all plans . Significant changes willeventually lead to drawing a new curve on all plans. This process is call fairing process andmay required to be carried out many times before a fair hull form can be generated. Up to thispoints you have almost completed the lines plan drawing but the quality of your drawingdepends very much on the accuracy and experience.

13. Draw the offsets table and main dimensions on the appropriate space. Offsets table mustinclude the half breadth data for all station at every waterlines including deck and bulwark(if any). The height above base line of the deck, bulwark and chine lines (if any) for everystation must also be indicated on the offsets table. The main dimension should at least includeLength Overall, Length Between Perpendiculars, Moulded Breadth, Moulded Depth, andDraft (if known).

14. Complete the lines plan drawing by preparing the title block which at least indicates thename and company logo, name of the ship, drawing number, drawing title, scale, date, andinitial of designer, draftsman, and checker. Please refer to the standard format.

15. A report must be prepared and submitted together with the drawing. The report contentmust at least include; Introduction (explaining what is lines plan and its importance),Drawing procedure (supported with diagram/figure and NOT to repeat/reprint this note),Calculation example, Discussion or comment on the accuracy and quality of the lines plandrawn and Conclusion about the lines plan. All detail data, steps, calculations and drawingsshall be included in appendix. Each group need to prepare one report only but must includeall drawings.

PROJECT 1 : LINES PLAN DRAWING (BASIS SHIP DIMENSION)

GROUP NO SHIP TYPE LOA LBP B D1 120 m Tanker 101 95 17.5 9.822 30 m Purse Seiner Vessel 25.5 22.5 7 2.33 27m Tug Boat 27.5 24.36 8.6 44 70 m Fast Ferry 75 70 10.75 95 110 m Container Vessel 101 95 17.5 9.826 115 Bulk Carrier 101 95 17.5 9.827 80 m Patrol Vessel 75 70 10.75 98 60 m Offshore Supply Boat 56.2 51.1 11.5 4.79 20 m Yacth 8 6.3 2.4 1.8

10 50 m Rescue Vessel 42.5 38.2 9.6 4.211 25 m Trawler Fishing Vessel 22.6 15.6 6.5 2.35

Method of Determining New Ship Dimension

1. Calculate Ratio (LBP/LOA ) for Basis Ship2. Get the LOA for New Ship (given)3. Calculate LBP new = LOA new x Ratio (LBP/LOA) Basis4. Calculate B New = LBP New / (LBP/B) new5. Calculate D New = B new / (B/D)New

Example Group 1,LOA New = 118

LBP/B = 5B/D = 1.6

LBP/LOA Basis = 0.94LBP New = 111.0

B New = 22.2D New = 13.9

BASIS SHIP DIMENSION

Hj Yahya Bin Samian

NO NAME GROUP CAT LEADER LOA LBP B D LBP/B B/D

1 KHAIREL EZWAN BIN MOHD KUDUS 1 A 118.0 111.0 22.2 13.9 5.0 1.62 AMERUDDIN BIN SHAHRIN 1 B L 125.0 117.5 19.6 9.8 6.0 2.03 ANUAR B HASSAN 1 C 120.0 112.8 20.5 11.4 5.5 1.84 ZULLATHFI B AZAHARI 2 A L 30.0 26.5 8.3 2.8 3.2 3.05 SHAHRIN AZUAR B MOHD ADAM 2 B 32.0 28.2 9.4 3.1 3.0 3.06 ZULKIFLY BIN MOHAMED ADNAN 2 C 28.0 24.6 8.2 2.7 3.0 3.07 NASRUL HAKIM B ABU BAKAR 3 A L 30.0 26.6 9.5 4.7 2.8 2.08 SAYFUL ISLAM BIN MAT 3 B 25.5 22.7 7.6 3.4 3.0 2.29 NAZRUL ADHA BIN CHE MAT 3 C 35.0 31.2 12.5 5.9 2.5 2.110 MD ANWAR HOSSAIN 4 A L 65.0 60.7 9.3 7.8 6.5 1.211 MAZIAH SURAYA BINTI ABD MAJID 4 B 70.0 65.1 9.6 8.0 6.8 1.212 KHAIRUL ANAS BIN MANSOR 4 C 75.0 69.8 10.6 8.5 6.6 1.313 MOHD ZAMRIEY BIN ZAINUL ABIDIN 5 A L 110.0 103.5 18.8 10.5 5.5 1.814 MOHD NAFIS BIN MOHD NOOR 5 B 115.0 108.1 20.8 13.0 5.2 1.615 MOHD ZUKKRI HAFFILAL BIN ALI 5 C 105.0 98.7 17.6 9.8 5.6 1.816 MOHAMAD NAFIZ BIN MOHD NOR 6 A 115.0 108.2 20.0 11.1 5.4 1.817 MOHAMMAD ZAIRUL BIN INDRA SHAFRI 6 B L 120.0 112.8 20.9 10.4 5.4 2.018 MOHAMMAD LOKMAN BIN HAMIDUN 6 C 110.0 103.4 18.8 10.4 5.5 1.819 MOHD AZREEN B AZMI 7 A 75.0 70.0 10.3 8.6 6.8 1.220 MOHD AMRAN YUNUS 7 B 80.0 74.4 11.4 9.5 6.5 1.221 MOHD AFISHARZLIE BIN MOHD ZAHIR 7 C L 85.0 79.1 12.0 9.2 6.6 1.322 MOHD FAIZAL BIN MOHD NASIR 8 A 55.0 50.0 11.1 4.4 4.5 2.523 MOHD HAIRI B ABDUL HAMID 8 B 60 54.6 13.7 6.8 4 224 MOHD FAZLI BIN MOHD YUSOF 8 C L 62 56.4 11.3 3.8 5 325 MOHD ERWAN BIN AHMAD 9 A 18 14.2 5.7 4.4 2.5 1.326 MOHD FAIRUZ BIN AYOB 9 B 20 15.8 6.1 4.7 2.6 1.327 MOHD FAIZAL BIN ALI 9 C L 22 17.4 6.6 4.9 2.65 1.3528 DOUGLAS R JUNGGIN 10 A 50 44.9 11.2 4.9 4 2.329 HAZRUL NIZAM B MOHD TAHA 10 B L 52 46.7 11.7 4.7 4 2.530 JOHARI BIN MOHAMED 10 C 48 43.1 11.4 5.0 3.8 2.25

PROJECT 1

NAMA PENSYARAH :KOD SUBJEK :

SESI/SEM : 20052006/2

SML5532 - REKABENTUK KAPAL II

Lines Plan Drawing Report -1/2

Yahya Samian - Jan 2006



SUBJECT : SHIP DESIGN II (STUDIO WORK)CODE : SML 5532PROJECT 1 : LINES PLAN DRAWING

REPORT WRITING – CONTENTS

i. TITLE PAGECover page showing – UTM Logo, Faculty and Department name, Project Title, Group Number and GroupMembers, Date of Report.

ii. TABLE OF CONTENTSA Table showing the Sub Topics of report and their pages number.

1. INTRODUCTION- This Report is part of the Ship Design II Project- General purpose of this report- Brief (one sentence) contents of this report

Not more than half page.2. AIMS OF REPORT

- In point form- Must start with the word To Present, To Explain, To Discuss…..etc- Only the aim of the report, NOT the aim of the project

3. LINES PLAN DRAWING- Brief explanation of What is lines plan- Include example of Lines plan drawing (Scanned from reference)- Importance of Lines Plan in Ship Design and Production

Not more than 2 pages including diagram4. DRAWING PROCEDURES

- Steps by step procedure explain briefly (Better in separate sub topics say 4.1, 4.2…)- Include basis ship data/drawing in this section- Include examples of calculation in each step (If any)- Include Sketch/diagram to support your explanation- Detail calculation shall be sent to Appendix

5. RESULTS- Main Dimension of the new ship- Offsets data of the New Ship- Lines Plan Drawing of New Ship (Gives LP drawing number)

6. DISCUSSION- Problem faced during the project (Mainly problem related to error to the accuracy of result,

equipment problems etc)- Suggestion (Your suggestion on how to improve accuracy of LP)

Not more than one page7. CONCLUSION

- Brief conclusion on what has been achieved by this projects and what has been presented in thisreport. You may also include suggestion as discussed in section 6 above, but in general term.

Not more than half page8. REFERENCES

- List of all references that you have referred including notes9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (OPTION)

APPENDIXES A – Offsets and Coordinate of the Basic ShipB – Distortion Factors and Coordinates of the New ShipC – TEAM WORKING PORTFOLIO (Will be discussed in the class)

Lines Plan Drawing Report -2/2

Yahya Samian - Jan 2006

CONTENT OF DESIGN PROJECT PORTFOLIO

1. Cover Page Showing the UTM Logo, Subject Code and Name, Title, Group Name / Number, GroupMember, Group Leader, Group Recorder, Lecturer Name and Date

2. Table of Contents3. Group Policies4. Division of Design Tasks (In Table Form Indicating Task Description and Person Incharge)5. All Project Design Sheets6. Project Summary Sheets7. Minute of Group Discussion8. Other References / Documents9. Brief Conclusion

PROJECT ASSESSMENT

1. Report (70 %)2. Attendance and Participation in the class (5 %)3. Team working based on Project Portfolio (15 %)

The total of 1-3 above will be multiplied by team working factor determined based on Peer Assessment4. Individual Test (10 %)

REPORT ASSESSMENT

1. Completeness of the report / jobs (All important content have been included) – 30 %2. Accuracy of Result and Drawing – 30 %3. Writing Skills (Clarity, Coherent, spelling and grammar, smooth flow of thought, accuracy of statement) –

30 %4. Report Organization (Topic and Sub-Topic Arrangement, Cover Page, neatness etc) – 10 %

PROJECT 2HYDROSTATICS CALCULATION

Hydrostatics Calculation Project -1/4

Yahya Samian, Department of Marine Technology, FKM, UTM - February, 2006-



SUBJECT : SHIP DESIGN II (STUDIO WORK)CODE : SML/SZL 5532PROJECT 2 : HYDROSTATICS CALCULATIONDURATION : 4 WEEKS (24 hrs)DATE LINE : To be informed in the class

INSTRUCTION

Upon completion of Lines Plan Drawing, the immediate design task is to calculate thehydrostatics particulars of the ship. The students are therefore required to perform thehydrostatics calculation and prepare a complete hydrostatics table and curves (in A3 sizegraph paper). All calculation, data, table and curves shall be compiled in one report (foreach group) and to be submitted not later than the date line indicated above. Thefollowing steps may be used as guidelines to complete this project.

1. Select one lines plan within the group (This lines plan will be used for GeneralArrangement drawing and other design tasks). You need to justify (in the report) thereason why this lines plan was chosen.

2. Based on the selected lines plan drawing extract the offsets (half breadth) data of theship. Also don’t forget to measure and record the station spacing and waterlinespacing. Record it systematically on one offset table (normally this has been doneduring lines plan project).

3. For each waterline, calculate water plane area (Aw), moment, centroid (LCF),longitudinal Second Moment of Area (IL) and Transverse Second Moment of Area(IT). Use the calculation sheet HYD-1. Repeat the same calculation for other waterplanes and record the result of calculations in calculation sheet HYD-2. Note that theLWL (Length of waterline) shall be measured from lines plan at the appropriatewaterline. If this value is not available, then LBP can be used (but not advisable).Similarly BWL (Max Breadth of Waterline) shall be measured from the waterlines,but it can also equal to the max offset data multiply by 2.0.

4. HYD-3 and HYD-4 sheets are for calculating the Area, Moment and Vertical Centroidof each Station. HYD-3 sheet is smartly designed in order to avoid unnecessary usingmany sheets. To use HYD-3 sheet, follow carefully the steps below :-

a) Select one stations to be calculatedb) Enter offsets data in column (b)c) Calculate fAs by multiplying column (b) and (c)d) Calculate ΣΣ fAs by adding column (c) downward. Cell (d4) is for

summation of (d1) to (d3), cell (d8) is for summation of (d6) to d(7) andso on… Be carefull.

e) Repeat the same procedure for column (e) and column (f). Cell (d6) is forsummation of (d3) to (d5), cell (d10) is for summation of (d7) to (d9) andso on.



f) Filled up column (g) with ΣΣ fAs accumulated from column (d) and (f).Cell (g3) is equal to cell (d4), cell (g5) equal to (g3) + (f5), cell (g7) equalto (g5) + (d8) and so on.

g) Column (h) and (j) is filled up with vertical lever taking WL 0 (Baseline) as the reference. You may change your reference point, but the levershould also be changed accordingly.

h) To calculate fMZ,, column (i) is equal to column (d) x column (h)whereas column (k) equal to column (f) x Column (j). For calculatingΣΣfMZ Column (l) is to be filled up similar to the method used incalculating column (g).

i) Repeat the whole steps above for other stations. That’s mean you have tomake several copies (equal to number of stations) for this calculation.

j) Filled up HYD-4 sheet with all data calculated above for all stations. Theformula of Calculating of MZ and Vertical Centroid Z are given in thesheet.

The Underwater volume of the ship can be calculated in two different ways (vertical orlongitudinal integration) but both of them will give the same exact result. The calculationprocedures for volume and its centroid will be explained in the following steps.

5. The Vertical Integration of water plane area will produce the underwater volume. Thiscan be done using HYD-5 sheet .

a) Fill up column (b) with water plane area as recorded in HYD-2.b) Using the same concept in HYD-3, calculate the f∇∇ in column (d), (f) and

ΣΣf∇∇ in column (g).c) Then calculate fMV∇∇ and ΣΣ fMV∇∇ using the same method as in HYD-3,

except that the vertical moment is now for volume instead of area.d) Record ΣΣ f∇∇, fMV∇∇ and ΣΣ fMV∇∇ values in HYD-6.

6. Using HYD-6 calculation sheet, calculate the value of underwater Volume, ∇∇ and itsVertical Centre of Buoyancy, VCB. Use the given formula.

7. The longitudinal integration of all sectional areas will also produce underwatervolume of the ship. This can be easily done using HYD-7 sheet.

a) For up to a particular waterline (Always begins with lower waterline, eg.wl 2), fill up column (2) of HYD-7 with the sectional area as recorded inHYD-4 of all stations. Remember that the sectional area data should betaken at the appropriate waterline.

b) Using the same calculation procedure as in HYD-1, calculate f∇∇ andfML∇∇ for the underwater part of the ship hull. Lever should be based onthe reference station, which is normally at midship.

c) Repeat the same calculation for other waterlines. Since Data in HYD-4 isfor wl 2, 4, 6… i.e increment of 2, thus calculation in HYD-7 should alsofollows the same waterline.

d) Record all results of calculation done in HYD-7 into HYD-8 sheet at theappropriate waterline or draft.



8. Having filled up f∇∇ and fML∇∇ data in HYD-8, the calculation of Volume, ∇∇ and LCBcan be easily using the given formula. Remember that, the LCB is measured from thereference station.

9. HYD-9a to HYD-9c is for calculating and recording the Hydrostatics Particulars ofthe ship at various drafts. Where the data should be taken and formula to be used isgiven underneath the table.

10. HYD-10 sheet is to record sectional areas and vertical centroids data calculated fromHYD-4. The main purpose is to summarize the data for the preparation of BonjeanCurves.

11. Upon completion of all calculations mentioned above, Hydrostatics Curves are to bedrawn on one piece of graph paper (preferably in A3 size). Hydrostatics Curvesshould be drawn based on the Hydrostatics Particulars calculated/recorded in HYD-9a to HYD-9c. Since all curves have to be shown in one graph paper, grouping andscaling must be selected very carefully. The following guidelines (based onexperience) may be useful.

a) Y axis of the graph is for the draft (m) from based line (or keel) to thehighest draft used in the hydrostatics calculation. Make sure that the scaleis appropriate such that it used the entire graph paper. Also few lines atthe bottom of the graph paper are to be reserved for scaling the X axes.

b) X axis is for all hydrostatics particulars, thus it requires more than oneaxis and does not necessarily start from zero value.

c) Volume (∇∇) and Mass Displacement (∆∆mld, ∆∆ext) can be grouped togetherusing m3 or Tonnes as the unit. The scale does not necessarily starts fromzero.

d) Water plane Area (Aw) curve is to be drawn by itself. The unit is m2 andnormally does not starts form zero.

e) Form Coefficients (CB, CM, CW, CPL and CPV) should be drawn in onegroup. There is no unit required for this axis and the scale may startsfrom zero.

f) Longitudinal centre of Floatation and buoyancy (LCF and LCB) are tobe drawn in one group. The unit is m from (ref station) and the zero valueis normally place at the centre of the x axis since it may need to show thenegative values.

g) Vertical centre of Buoyancy (VCB), and Transverse Metacentic Height(BMT and KMT) can be drawn in one group. The unit is m (from refwaterline normally at based line or keel) and can start from zero.

h) Longitudinal Metacentic Height (BML and KML) are to be drawn in onegroup. The unit is m (from ref waterline normally based line/keel) andnot necessarily starts from zero.

i) Tonnes Per Centimeter Immersion (TPC) is in one group using Tonnesas the unit and does not necessarily starts from zero.

j) Moment to Change Trim by One Centimeter (MCTCM) is also drawn inone group using Tonnes-m as the unit and does not necessarily startsfrom zero.

All together, 18 curves need to be drawn. Labeled each curve, scale and unit clearlyand at appropriate location. One graph is required for each group.



12. Bonjean Curves also need to be drawn in a single graph paper (preferably in A3 size,although some shipyard used A0 size for a better accuracy). Bonjean Curve isessential for calculating Volume and LCB of a ship at trim conditions (as hydrostaticscurves only for level trim). Here is the guidelines;

a) Y axis is for ship Draft (in m) from keel / base line as in HydrostaticsCurves. However Y axis is placed at the centre of X axis to accommodatethe forward and aft region of the ship (just like in Body Plan drawing).

b) X axis is for Sectional Area (in m2) and should starts from zero.c) Sectional Area Curve is to be drawn for each station of the ship. The

forward stations shall be represented in the right hand side of the graphpaper while the left hand side is for the after stations of the ship.

The number of curves should equals to the number of stations. Labeled clearly andappropriately. One graph is required for each group.

13. Finally, a report must be prepared and submitted together with the graphs. Thereport contents and assessment method will be discussed in the following sections.Each group need to submit one report only.

Hydrostatics Calculation Sheet 1/12

Yahya Bin Samian, Department of Marine Technology, FKM , UTM – Jan 2004

CALCULATION SHEET HYD 1 : WATERPLANE AREA

WL No : _______ d : ________(m) LWL : ___________ (m) BWL : _____ (m) h : ____________ (m)

ST 1/2B (m) SM fAW Lever fML Lever fIL (1/2B)3 SM fIT

ΣΣ fAw ΣΣ fML ΣΣ fIL ΣΣ fIT

Aw = 2 x SR x h x ΣΣ fAw = m2 LCF = ΣΣ fML/ΣΣ fAw x h = m (from st )

IL = 2 x SR x h3 x ΣΣ fIL = m4 (about st ) IT = 2/3 x SR x h x ΣΣ fIT = m4 (about CL)

SR = 1/3 for 1st rule, 3/8 for 2nd rule (Simpson)



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 2 : WATERPLANE AREA PARTICULARS

WL d LWL BWL AW LCF IL ILCF IT CW TPC MCTcm

FORMULA

ILCF = IL - AW x (LCF)2 CW = AW /(LWLxBWL) TPC = ρρ x AW /100 MCTcm = ρρ x ILCF /(100 x LWL)

ρρ = 1.025 Tonne/m3 for Sea Water ρρ = 1.000 Tonne/m3 for Fresh Water ρρ = 1.021 Tonne/m3 for Dock Water



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 3 : SECTIONAL AREA

ST No : _______ (m) w: ____________ (m)

Col (a) (b) © (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l)

Line WL 1/2B (m) SM fAs SM fAs ΣΣ fAs Lever fMZ Lever fMZ ΣΣfMZ

(1) 0 1 0

(2) 1 4 1

(3) 2 1 1 2 2

(4) 3 ΣΣ fAs 4 ΣΣfMZ 3

(5) 4 1 1 4 4

(6) 5 4 ΣΣ fAs 5 ΣΣfMZ

(7) 6 1 1 6 6


(9) 8 1 1 8 8


(11) 10 1 1 10 10


(13) 12 1 1 12 12


(15) 14 1 14

(16) ΣΣ fAs ΣΣfMZ



ST No. ST No.

WL d ΣΣ fAs As ΣΣfMZ Mz Z ΣΣ fAs As ΣΣfMZ Mz Z

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

CALCULATION SHEET HYD 4 : SECTIONAL AREA PARTICULARS

As = 2 x SR x w x ΣΣ fAs Mz = 2 x SR x w2 x ΣΣ fMz Z = w x ΣΣ fMz/ΣΣ fAs or Z = Mz/ As (m from WL 0 )

SR = 1/3 for 1st rule (Simpson)



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 5 : VOLUME FROM WP AREA

(a) (b) © (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l)

WL AW (m2) SM f∇∇ SM f∇∇ ΣΣ f∇∇ Lever fMV∇∇ Lever fMV∇∇ ΣΣ fMV∇∇0 1 0

1 4 1

2 1 1 2 2

3 ΣΣ f∇∇ 4 ΣΣ fMV∇∇ 3

4 1 1 4 4

5 4 ΣΣ f∇∇ 5 ΣΣ fMV∇∇

6 1 1 6 6

7 ΣΣ f∇∇ 4 ΣΣ fMV∇∇ 7

8 1 1 8 8

9 4 ΣΣ f∇∇ 9 ΣΣ fMV∇∇

10 1 1 10 10

11 ΣΣ f∇∇ 4 ΣΣ fMV∇∇ 11

12 1 1 12 12

13 4 ΣΣ f∇∇ 13 ΣΣ fMV∇∇

14 1 14

ΣΣ f∇∇ ΣΣ fMV∇∇



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 6 : VOLUME AND VCB

WL d ΣΣf∇∇ ∇∇ ΣΣfMV∇∇ VCB

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

∇∇ = SR x w x ΣΣ f∇∇ VCB = w x ΣΣ fMV∇∇ /ΣΣ f∇∇ (m from WL 0 )

SR = 1/3 for 1st rule (Simpson)

w: ____________ (m)



WL : d : (m) h : (m)

ST As SM f∇∇ Lever fML∇∇

ΣΣ f∇∇ ΣΣ fML∇∇

WL : d : (m) h : (m)

ST As SM f∇∇ Lever fML∇∇

ΣΣ f∇∇ ΣΣ fML∇∇

CALCULATION SHEET HYD 7: VOLUME FROM SECTIONAL AREA



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 8 : VOLUME AND LCB

WL d ΣΣf∇∇ ∇∇ ΣΣfML∇∇ LCB

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

∇∇ = SR x h x ΣΣf∇∇ LCB = h x ΣΣfML∇∇ / ΣΣ f∇∇ (m from st )

SR = 1/3 for 1st rule or 3/8 for 2nd. rule (Simpson)



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 9a : HYDROSTATICS PARTICULARS

WL d (m) AW (m2) AM (m2) LCF (m)

From∇∇ (m3) ∆∆mld

(Tonnes)∆∆ext

(Tonnes)VCB (m)

From BaSeLCB (m)

From

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

AW : From HYD 2 AM : From HYD 4 at Midship Station LCF : From HYD 2

∇∇ : From HYD 6 or HYD 8 ∆∆mld = ∇∇ x ρρ ∆∆ext = ∆∆mld x 1.005 VCB : From HYD 6 LCB : From HYD 8



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 9b : HYDROSTATICS PARTICULARS

WL d (m) CB CM CW CPL CPV ILCF (m4) IT (m4)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

CB = ∇∇ /(LWL x BWL x d) CM = AM / ( BWL x d) CW : From HYD 2 CPL = ∇∇/ (AM x LWL)

CPV = ∇∇/ (AW x d) ILCF and IT : From HYD 2



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 9c : HYDROSTATICS PARTICULARS

WL d (m)TPC

(Tonnes)MCTcm

(Tonnes-m)BMT (m) BML (m) KMT (m) KML (m)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

TPC and MCTcm : From HYD 2 BMT = IT/∇∇ BML = ILCF/∇∇

KMT = VCB + BMT KML = VCB + BML



CALCULATION SHEET HYD 10 : BONJEAN DATA

ST No : ST No : ST No : ST No : ST No :

WL d AS Z AS Z AS Z AS Z AS Z

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

AS and Z : from HYD 4

PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONLength overall (LOA) 108.00 mLength between perpendiculars (LBP) 102.00 mBeam (moulded) 19.20 mDepth (moulded) 9.30 mDraft (design) 6.00 mStation Spacing 10.20 m

BL WL 1 WL 2 WL 3 WL 4 WL 5 WL 6 WL 7 WL 8 WL 9 WL 10 WL 11 WL 12 WL 130.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.2 13.2

AP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.14 4.25 5.58 6.54 7.261.0 5.10 0.00 0.62 0.83 0.69 0.24 4.39 6.24 7.31 8.01 8.52 8.902.0 10.20 0.09 1.47 1.83 3.26 6.04 7.57 8.46 8.97 9.27 9.45 9.553.0 15.30 0.42 2.62 4.84 7.25 8.47 9.11 9.45 9.59 9.60 9.60 9.604.0 20.40 1.53 4.98 7.51 8.89 9.53 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.606.0 30.60 5.63 8.99 9.55 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.608.0 40.80 7.71 9.37 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.6010.0 51.00 7.72 9.38 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.6012.0 61.20 7.72 9.38 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.6014.0 71.40 7.34 9.09 9.51 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.6016.0 81.60 5.19 7.87 8.55 8.94 9.16 9.29 9.36 9.42 9.49 9.5517.0 86.70 3.63 6.55 7.33 7.78 8.07 8.28 8.43 8.58 8.73 8.8718.0 91.80 1.92 4.83 5.65 6.06 6.30 6.45 6.57 6.73 6.97 7.28 7.62 8.0019.0 96.90 0.33 3.03 3.85 4.16 4.16 4.07 4.01 4.08 4.31 4.68 5.21 5.85 6.76FP 102.00 0.00 1.12 1.65 1.83 1.73 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.87 1.50 2.27 3.35 4.38

98.20 100.00 102.00 102.00 102.00 102.00 102.00 103.00 104.00 105.00 106.00 107.00 108.00 108.00

: Not used in the calculation

Waterline Name and Distance from Baseline in metres

Sta

tion

Nam

e an

d D

ista

nce

from

Sta

tion

0 in

met

res

LWL

Example Ship

T A B L E O F O F F S E T S (H A L F B R E A D T H) i n m e t r e s

WL no. = Base Line d (m) = 0.000 LWL (m) = 98.200 BWL (m) = 15.440 h (m) = 10.2

ST 1/2 B SM fAW Lever fML Lever fIL (1/2B)^3 SM ITAP 0.00 0.5 0.000 -5.00 0.000 -5.00 0.000 0.00 0.5 01.0 0.00 2 0.000 -4.50 0.000 -4.50 0.000 0.00 2 02.0 0.09 1 0.088 -4.00 -0.352 -4.00 1.408 0.00 1 0.000683.0 0.42 2 0.832 -3.50 -2.912 -3.50 10.192 0.07 2 0.143984.0 1.53 1.5 2.292 -3.00 -6.876 -3.00 20.628 3.57 1.5 5.351326.0 5.63 4 22.504 -2.00 -45.008 -2.00 90.016 178.07 4 712.2948.0 7.71 2 15.422 -1.00 -15.422 -1.00 15.422 458.49 2 916.98510.0 7.72 4 30.880 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 460.10 4 1840.412.0 7.72 2 15.440 1.00 15.440 1.00 15.440 460.10 2 920.19914.0 7.34 4 29.372 2.00 58.744 2.00 117.488 395.93 4 1583.7316.0 5.19 1.5 7.778 3.00 23.333 3.00 69.998 139.39 1.5 209.09217.0 3.63 2 7.256 3.50 25.396 3.50 88.886 47.75 2 95.506318.0 1.92 1 1.923 4.00 7.692 4.00 30.768 7.11 1 7.1111219.0 0.33 2 0.650 4.50 2.925 4.50 13.163 0.03 2 0.06866FP 0.00 0.5 0.000 5.00 0.000 5.00 0.000 0.00 0.5 0

134.437 SUM fML 62.960 SUM fIL 473.408 SUM fIT 6290.88

Aw = 914.17 m 2̂LCF = 4.78

IL = 334922.90 m^4 about MidshipILCF = 314062.89 m^4 about Centre of Floatation

IT = 14259.32 m^4 about Centre LineSR = 0.33

This Calculation has to be repeated for other waterlines (See Appendix A for details)

SUM fAw

m From Midship (St 10)

Example HYD - 1

WL d LWL BWL Aw LCF IL ILCF IT Cw TPcm MCTcmBL 0.00 98.20 15.44 914.17 4.78 334922.90 314062.89 14259.32 0.603 9.37 32.781.0 1.00 100.00 18.76 1353.88 4.06 698397.61 676120.77 32175.35 0.722 13.88 69.302.0 2.00 102.00 19.20 1490.00 3.18 840565.88 825493.20 38279.79 0.761 15.27 82.953.0 3.00 102.00 19.20 1566.14 2.25 935674.52 927718.20 41677.67 0.800 16.05 93.234.0 4.00 102.00 19.20 1609.64 1.56 990702.76 986790.73 44171.90 0.822 16.50 99.165.0 5.00 102.00 19.20 1687.85 -0.49 1137448.72 1137051.04 46097.91 0.862 17.30 114.266.0 6.00 102.00 19.20 1730.05 -1.65 1218408.63 1213684.71 47854.65 0.883 17.73 121.96

Rho = 1.025 Tonnes/m^3

Example : HYD-2

ST No = 2 w (m) = 1.00

WL 1/2B SM fAs SM fAs Sum fAs Lever fMz Lever fMz Sum fMzBL 0.09 1 0.09 0 01 1.47 4 5.86 1 5.862 1.83 1 1.83 1 1.833 7.78 2 3.666 2 3.666 9.5263 3.26 Sum fAs 7.78 4 13.044 Sum fMz 9.526 3 39.1324 6.04 1 6.04 1 6.038 28.70 4 24.152 4 24.152 76.4765 7.57 4 30.28 Sum fAs 20.915 5 151.4 Sum fMz 66.956 8.46 1 8.46 73.47 6 50.754 302.782

Sum fAs 44.78 Sum fMz 226.31

This calculation has to be repeated for other stations (See Appendix B for details)

Example : HYD - 3

WL d Sum fAs As Sum fMz Mz Z WL d Sum fAs As Sum fMz Mz Z2 2.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0.00 2 2.00 3.30 2.199 4.128 2.752 1.254 4.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0.00 4 4.00 7.13 4.752 15.032 10.021 2.116 6.00 2.14 1.423 12.81 8.54 6.00 6 6.00 31.18 20.787 141.292 94.195 4.53

w = 1.000 w = 1.000SR = 0.333 SR = 0.333

This calculation has to repeated for other stations

Example : HYD-4

ST No : AP ST No : 1

WL Aw SM fV SM fV Sum fV Lever fMvV Lever fMvV Sum fMvVBL 914.17 1 914.17 0 01 1353.88 4 5415.51 1 5415.52 1490.00 1 1490.00 1 1490 7819.68 2 2980 2 2980 8395.51123 1566.14 Sum fV 7819.68 4 6264.6 Sum fMvV 8395.5 3 187944 1609.64 1 1609.64 1 1609.6 17183.88 4 6438.6 4 6438.6 36607.7465 1687.85 4 6751.39 Sum fV 9364.2 5 33757 Sum fMvV 282126 1730.05 1 1730.05 27274.96 6 10380 87183.555

Sum fV 10091.08 Sum fMvV 50576

Example : HYD - 5

w (m) = 1.00

WL d Sum fV Volume Sum fMvV VCB2 2.00 7819.68 2606.56 8395.51 1.074 4.00 17183.88 5727.96 36607.75 2.136 6.00 27274.96 9091.65 87183.55 3.20

SR = 0.333

Note that the Volume is exactly the same as calculated in HYD - 8

Example : HYD - 6

WL = 2 d (m) = 2.00 h (m)= 10.2 WL = 4 d (m) = 4.00 h (m)= 10.2

ST As SM fV Lever fMLV ST As SM fV Lever fMLVAP 0.00 0.5 0.000 -5.00 0.000 AP 0.00 0.5 0.000 -5.00 0.0001 2.20 2 4.397 -4.50 -19.788 1 4.75 2 9.504 -4.50 -42.7682 5.19 1 5.187 -4.00 -20.749 2 19.13 1 19.131 -4.00 -76.5233 10.49 2 20.979 -3.50 -73.425 3 38.68 2 77.361 -3.50 -270.7654 19.31 1.5 28.972 -3.00 -86.916 4 54.39 1.5 81.585 -3.00 -244.7556 34.10 4 136.397 -2.00 -272.795 6 72.46 4 289.856 -2.00 -579.7128 36.54 2 73.071 -1.00 -73.071 8 74.94 2 149.871 -1.00 -149.87110 36.56 4 146.251 0.00 0.000 10 74.96 4 299.851 0.00 0.00012 36.56 2 73.125 1.00 73.125 12 74.96 2 149.925 1.00 149.92514 35.46 4 141.837 2.00 283.675 14 73.80 4 295.187 2.00 590.37316 30.13 1.5 45.198 3.00 135.594 16 65.77 1.5 98.650 3.00 295.95017 24.77 2 49.533 3.50 173.367 17 55.78 2 111.557 3.50 390.45118 17.93 1 17.928 4.00 71.712 18 42.06 1 42.058 4.00 168.23219 10.86 2 21.716 4.50 97.722 19 27.28 2 54.555 4.50 245.496FP 4.09 0.5 2.043 5.00 10.215 FP 11.21 0.5 5.603 5.00 28.017

Sum fV 766.635 Sum fMLV 298.666 Sum fV 1684.694 Sum fMLV 504.051

Example : HYD - 7

h (m) = 10.20

WL d Sum fV Volume Sum fMLV LCB2 2.00 766.64 2606.56 298.67 3.974 4.00 1684.69 5727.96 504.05 3.056 6.00 2674.02 9091.65 469.19 1.79

SR = 0.333

Note that the Volume is exactly the same as calculated in HYD - 6

Example : HYD - 8

d Aw Am LCF Volume Disp (mld) Disp (ext) VCB LCB(m) (m^2) (m^2) m From St 10 (m^3) Tonnes Tonnes m From Keel m From St 10

BL 0.00 914.17 0.00 4.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002 2.00 1490.00 36.56 3.18 2606.56 2671.72 2685.08 1.07 3.974 4.00 1609.64 74.96 1.56 5727.96 5871.16 5900.51 2.13 3.056 6.00 1730.05 113.36 -1.65 9091.65 9318.94 9365.54 3.20 1.79

Rho = 1.025 s = 1.005

d ILCF IT(m) m^4 about LCF m^4 about CL

BL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 314062.89 14259.322 2.00 0.67 0.95 0.76 0.70 0.87 825493.20 38279.794 4.00 0.73 0.98 0.82 0.75 0.89 986790.73 44171.906 6.00 0.77 0.98 0.88 0.79 0.88 1213684.71 47854.65

d TPc MCTcm BMT BML KMT KML(m) Tonnes Tonnes-m m m m m

BL 0.00 9.37 32.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002 2.00 15.27 82.95 14.69 316.70 15.76 317.774 4.00 16.50 99.16 7.71 172.28 9.84 174.416 6.00 17.73 121.96 5.26 133.49 8.46 136.69

These data will be used for plotting the Hydrostatics Curves

Example : HYD - 9c

WL

Tonnes/m^3

CM CW CPL CPV

Example : HYD - 9a

WL

Example : HYD - 9b

WL CB

Hydrostatics Calculation Report -1/2

Yahya Samian - Feb 2006



SUBJECT : SHIP DESIGN II (STUDIO WORK)CODE : SML 5532PROJECT 2 : HYDROSTATICS CALCULATION

REPORT WRITING – CONTENTS

i. TITLE PAGECover page showing – UTM Logo, Faculty and Department name, Project Title, Group Number and GroupMembers, Date of Report.

ii. TABLE OF CONTENTSA Table showing the Sub Topics of report and their pages number.

1. INTRODUCTION- what is this report all about- what is hydrostatics- why is it so important in ship design- Also brief explanation of the content of the report

Not more than one page.2. AIMS OF REPORT

- In point form- Must start with the word To Present, To Explain, To Discuss…..etc- Only the aim of the report, NOT the aim of the project

Not more than half page3. CALCULATION PROCEDURES

- Steps by step procedure explain briefly (You may need to separate sub topics say 3.1, 3.2…)- Start with body plan and offset data measurement- Must include examples of calculation in each step (If any)- Include Sketch/diagram to support your explanation (whenever necessary)- Detail calculation shall be sent to Appendix

4. RESULTS- Hydrostatics Particulars Table- Hydrostatics Curve (in A3 size graph paper)- Bonjean Curves (in A3 size graph paper)

5. DISCUSSION- Brief comment on the result (in term of it accuracy, trend of curve etc)- Problem faced during the project (Mainly problem related to error to the accuracy of result,

measurement problems etc)- Suggestion (Your suggestion on how to improve accuracy of LP)

Not more than one page6. CONCLUSION

- Brief conclusion on what has been achieved by this projects and what has been presented in thisreport. You may also include suggestion as discussed in section 5 above, but in general term.

Not more than half page7. REFERENCES

- List of all references that you have referred including notes8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (OPTION)

APPENDIXES A – Body Plan and Offsets DataB – Detail CalculationC – TEAM WORKING PORTFOLIO

Hydrostatics Calculation Report -2/2

Yahya Samian - Feb 2006

CONTENT OF DESIGN PROJECT PORTFOLIO

1. Cover Page Showing the UTM Logo, Subject Code and Name, Title, Group Name / Number, GroupMember, Group Leader, Group Recorder, Lecturer Name and Date

2. Table of Contents3. Group Policies4. Division of Design Tasks (In Table Form Indicating Task Description and Person Incharge)5. All Project Design Sheets6. Project Summary Sheets7. Minute of Group Discussion8. Other References / Documents9. Brief Conclusion

PROJECT ASSESSMENT

1. Report (70 %)2. Attendance and Participation in the class (5 %)3. Team working based on Project Portfolio (15 %)

The total of 1-3 above will be multiplied by team working factor determined based on Peer Assessment4. Individual Test (10 %)

REPORT ASSESSMENT

1. Completeness of the report / jobs (All important content have been included) – 30 %2. Accuracy of Result and Drawing – 30 %3. Writing Skills (Clarity, Coherent, spelling and grammar, smooth flow of thought, accuracy of statement) –

30 %4. Report Organization (Topic and Sub-Topic Arrangement, Cover Page, neatness etc) – 10 %

PROJECT 3GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DESIGN

Project 3 - General Arrangement - 1/2



SUBJECT : SHIP DESIGN II (STUDIO WORK)CODE : SML 5532PROJECT 3 : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGDURATION : 4 WeeksDATE LINE : 19 Feb 2005LECTURER : Hj Yahya Bin Samian

Each design group shall is required to submit a complete set of General Arrangement (GA)drawing. A brief report shall also be submitted together with the drawing. As a guidance,the following steps may be useful for General Arrangement design :-

1. Preparation of data, references and drawings – Lines Plan drawing, Hydrostatics data,references, Rules and Regulations, Examples of GA drawings and brochures for similartype of ship.

2. Determination of type of ship and cargo deadweight (or capacity) – Select suitabletype of ship based on the lines plan drawn (General Cargo, Tanker, Bulk Carrier,Container, or passenger vessel). The cargo deadweight or capacity should be determinedapproximately based on dwt/disp ratio or other empirical formulations (refer to your shipdesign notes). Displacement can be determined either proportionally based on the basisship or from hydrostatics data. If it is to be determined from hydrostatics data thenapproximate draught need to be determined using simple ratio of draught/depth (0.75) orusing simple freeboard formula. The aim of determining deadweight or capacity is toensure that the GA will fulfill this requirement.

3. Determination of crew number and ranking – For merchant cargo, container andtanker (other than passenger carrier) the number of crew is normally not more than 12.However for passenger liner/carrier the number and class of passenger need to bedetermined in order to design the cabin and other related compartments. For small boats,the number of crew can be estimated based on normal practices.

4. Determination of frame spacing and bulkhead position – This has to be determinedbased on rules and regulations. The position of bulkhead and its spacing can also bedetermined from floodable length data. The position of bulkhead must be adjusted to thenearest transverse or web frame position. For small vessel/boat, no floodable length isrequired and the position of transverse bulkheads can be determined based on standardpractices. Frame spacing for small boats can be taken between 460mm to 1000mm.

5. Determination of double bottom height – Most ships (esp. large ships) must be fittedwith double bottom mainly for storage of grease oil, drainage etc and for safety whengrounding. The height of double bottom can either be proportionally deduced from basisship or calculated based on rules and regulations. Some ships and small vessel, no doublebottom is required or can be replaced by lower deck.

6. Determination of internal hull distance for tanker – All ship intended for carryingliquid in bulk must be fitted with internal hull and double bottom. This distance of theinternal hull to the outer hull as well as the double bottom height is to be determinedbased on MARPOL regulation.

Project 3 - General Arrangement - 2/2

7. Determination of cargo compartments – Once the allowable bulkheads positions havebeen determined, the cargo compartments can be easily determined. For passenger vessel,several decks above main deck may be necessary to accommodate the number ofpassengers. For container, no extra deck is required above main deck, but the containerscan be stacked above main deck. For vehicle carrier and RO-RO, twin deck may benecessary.

8. Determination of engine room and auxiliary machinery compartments – Engine andpropulsion room can be determined using empirical formula based on the required power.Other machinery may be determined based on the type of system used on board and shipfunction. For preliminary design, this data can be referred from basis ship of similar typeand size.

9. Determination of tanks compartments – Apart from fuel, ship must also carry freshwater, ballast water, grease oil etc. The size of fuel and fresh water tanks shall bedetermined based on consumption (fuel and water) and endurance of the ship. Fuelconsumption can be estimated based on power and engine size and fresh water volumecan either be determined based on standards or basic calculation. Allowance shall beincluded in the calculation for emergency situation. Ballast water tanks are normallyfitted at aft or forward peak and wing of the ship mainly for stability and trim purposes.

10. Determination of accommodation Area – This include cabins, galley, mess /diningarea, toilets, recreational areas etc. The area shall be determined based on the number ofcrews and passenger and their rank/class. Guideline for the suitable area or volume can bereferred from related references. Analysis on path way/access and safety route is alsoessential.

11. Determination of navigational and control areas – At preliminary design stage, thesearea can be determined based on the basis or reference ship.

12. Calculation of weight, capacity and center of gravity for cargo compartment andtanks – Based on lines plan or Bonjean curve, the volume of each cargo compartmentand tank and its centroid can be determined using normal calculation method (integrationof cross sectional areas). 3-5 % deduction of volume is necessary for internal structuresand fittings. Weight can be calculated either using density of cargo/liquid or cargostowage factor. Simple estimation may also be used if no detail plans or data is available.

13. Preparation of GA drawing. GA drawing should at least includes Side elevation(showing ship profile, compartments, transverse bulkheads, floors and frames of theships/boats), Plan views (Showing the top view of each deck and under deck plan). Cross-section views may also be included whenever cross-section details need to be shown atspecific station or transverse location of the ship. Label all drawings, compartments, mainequipment / machinery clearly. Title block and principal dimension of the ship must alsobe included.

14. Preparation of GA report. The report should at least consists of Title Page, BriefIntroduction, Aims of report, Design Method and Calculation Procedure (with example ofcalculation), Result of design and calculation (GA drawing, table of cargo compartmentand tanks capacity, table of crews and passengers, List of equipment and machinery onboard, Table of weight, etc), Discussion and Conclusion, References andAcknowledgement (if necessary). Detail reference material, extract from rules andregulations, detail calculation and data should be included in the appendix. The DesignProject Portfolio should also be included in the appendix. The content of the portfolioshould be as in the previous design projects