SHIFTING POWER IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY

CRISIS!!! Muhammad had no male heir to

succeed; likewise he named no successor

However, Muhammad’s closest friend Abu-Bakr filled the void

He was known as the first Caliph or successor

CALIPHS AND EXPANSION The first four caliphs all knew

Muhammad while he was alive

They were known as the “rightly guided”

Abu-Bakr sought to expand Islam through Jihad

JIHAD This means striving for Allah

Interpreted in two ways

Struggle against evil

Struggle against unbelievers

FIGHT FOR POWER After the first 3 caliphs Muhammad’s

cousin and son in law came to power

His name was Ali and was chosen to be the next caliph

However…. He was assassinated

NEW LEADERS New powerful family came into

leadership

The Umayyad's They split the Muslim community in two

Why? Moved capital from Mecca to

Damascus Lived in wealth and luxury

TWO GROUPS Majority of Muslims who followed the

Umayyad in the interest of peace are called Sunni

The Muslims that believed that Caliph must be related the Muhammad are called Shi’a which are called “the party”

OVERTHROWN AND EXPANSION The Umayyad caliphate was overthrown

and the Abbasids took over

At the same time, in Spain, a Muslim state was built called Al-Andalus

The Berbers, Muslims from North Africa conquered Spain but were stopped at Zaragoza

REASONS FOR EXPANSE Warfare and Trade

Persecuted people sought equality through Islam

Movement of Capitals Mecca= Muhammad Damascus = Abu-Bakr Baghdad = Abbasids

CONTRIBUTIONS Baghdad

Became the capital Importance: Nearly 1 million people

lived there

UNIVERSITIES Places where scholars translates

scientific and philosophical text Importance:

Expanded Greek, Indian, and Persian Ideas

ARABIC NUMERALS Math was the basis of all

knowledge

Importance: Used same system developed by

Indus Civilization Used experiments to actually measure

their hypothesizes

ALGEBRA “the art of bringing together unknowns to

match a known”

Try It: 42+ A= 25

Used Indian math

Possibly lead to the creation of inventions such as the telescope and microscope

MEDICINE Used Greek, Syrian, Arabic and

Indian sources

Creations Doctor’s manuals Treatments for small pox and measles Conducted surgeries Wrote reports

Symptoms, previous conditions, and previous doctors

PRESERVATIONS Texts

Translation then used experimentation to expand ideas

Architecture Arches that blended other styles. “Arches have no limits”

Art Used geometric shapes and written

language Blends the logic/philosophical with religion

DIRECTIONS Pick a picture

Write down what you see

Write down what you think it means

Do pages 11-14