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Shifting Our Focus from Teaching to Student Learning
Presented by Celeste D. Sosa, Assistant Principal
Thomas F. Bayard Middle School
December 22, 2011
Today’s Essential Question
How can we use research-based
instructional strategies to make our
current lessons more engaging?
What is Learning-Focused?
• Framework for thinking about, planning, and delivering instruction using exemplary practices.
• Focuses on learning.
• Incorporates research-based instructional practices.
3 Levels of Learning• Acquisition: Acquiring new knowledge.
– Link to prior learning, create meaning, organize
information and begin to store information. This is
short term memory.
• Extending Thinking: Greater understanding.
– Deepening understanding, building connections,
thinking on a higher level. Helps retain and transfer
information.
• Authentic, Meaningful Use, Maintenance: Applying
the learning.
– Using meaningful ways, assessing through
performance and using over time for retaining.
The Acquisition Lesson
A lesson plan designed to help learners acquire new knowledge, concepts and skills.
What is it like? Thought provoking, exciting, uses prior knowledge, wobbly at first…
Planning an Acquisition Lesson1. Write the lesson’s essential question; Ask yourself, “What must
students learn in order to answer the essential question?” Develop two to three assessment prompts. Know the answer to the EQ.
2. Choose and complete the best graphic organizer for this lesson.
3. Organize the teaching component of the lesson (assessment prompts and distributive summarization).
4. Plan the culminating assignment (the last check for understanding).
5. Plan the activating strategy (prior knowledge).
6. Plan the summarizing strategy (exit ticket).
Typical Lessons for Coverage
What Is The Objective Of The Lesson ??
Preparation
Active Teaching
Massed Guided Practice
Closure
Acquisition Lessons for Learning
What Is The Essential Question Of The Lesson ??
Activating/Previewing
Teaching Strategies
Distributed Guided Practice orDistributed Summarizing
Summarize & AnswerEssential Question
Components of anAcquisition Lesson
• Essential Question
• Activating & Vocabulary Strategies
• Teaching Strategies
• Summarizing Strategies
What Is An Essential Question?
Concepts or skills in the form of questions
Purpose:
• Sets the focus of the lesson.
• Helps teacher gather evidence of learning (assessment).
Key Points
• Posted highly visibly in the classroom.
• There is only one essential question in a lesson.
• Organize units, & lessons around questions; the content of lessons answers the questions.
• Based on curriculum
• Allocate time to answer
Writing An Essential Question
• Make the teaching objective a question.
• Students should be able to answer the question at
the end of the lesson.
• Write the question for the lesson and then, if
necessary, rewrite the question for the students.
• Question cannot be answered with yes or no.
• Create connections for the learner with the content.
About Activating Strategies
• Purpose
– To hook the students and link prior
knowledge
• Why use?
– To motivate
– To preview key vocabulary
– To prepare for learning
KWL OutlinesKWL Outline 1
-K-Think I Know…
-W-Think I’ll Learn…
-L-I Learned…
KWL Outline 2-K-
I Know-W-
Think I Know
-L-Learned
Me Text Statement
___ ___ 1. The Democratic Party is the oldest in the United States.
___ ___ 2. A political party is a social gathering held for a bunch of politicians.
___ ___ 3. Because all presidents have primarily been elected by two major political parties, the United States is said to have a two-party system.
___ ___ 4. Party members usually share the same beliefs about politics and about the role of government.
___ ___ 5. The Whigs were a political party that required the long white hair wigs but when men wearing wigs went out of style, they disbanded.
Anticipatory Guide (Unit: Political Parties – Civics)
Draw a Picture or Diagram
EQ: How do I identify points on a grid?
Draw a picture of how to get to school from your house.
Activating Strategies Categories
• Recall
• Make Predictions
• Game
• Humor or Mystery
• Exploration or Experience
• Role Play or Simulation
• Video clip
Teaching Strategies
• What are they?– Series of cognitive strategies
• Why use?– Mentally engage the learner because they
take into consideration attention span
– Organize information
– Store information
Collaborative Pairs• Collaborative Pairs is the base grouping and
organizational tool for a classroom…
• It is hard to get lost in a pair.
• Research says that learning is constructed by the learner and is first a social activity before it is a cognitive activity.
• Actively engages students in the lessons.
• Students are individually accountable for their own learning.
• Collaborative Pairs are used extensively in large group acquisition lessons.
• Basic Strategy for Collaborative Pairs: Numbered Heads
Pairs Checking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A. Circle numbers.
B. Each student does their own work.
C. When they complete a circled number, stop. Check answers with partner. If agree, go on. If not, correct then continue.
Lecture/Large Group Lessons(Jigsaw)
• 1’s read about the lecture types on page 29.
• 2’s read about the lecture types on page 30.
• Share what you learned with your partner.
Graphic Organizers
Graphic Organizersfor
Comprehension
Build ConnectionsExplore Relationships
Organize Information/Ideas
Chunk Information
Improve memory
Follow Steps in a Process
Understand/Manage Learning
Fish Bone (Cause/Effect)
Effect
Causes
Causes
Economic Geographic
Military Social- Political
World War II
Compare and Contrast Diagram
Concept: FRACTION Concept:DECIMAL
How Alike?
How Different?
With Regard To:
Denominator
ConvertingDenominators
Changing toPercentage
Aesop’s Fables have a moral
It is said that Aesop was a slave in Greece long, long ago.
Aesop was smart.
There is no proof he wrote down fables- he told others.
Author Tower
Main Idea
Main Idea – Aesop was responsible for the fables
Aesop’s FablesTOPIC
Detail
Detail
Detail
Detail
Main Idea
Mnemonics
• Some view as “memory trick”
• Students are given a device to help remember –store/recall –long term memory.
• Student is given a framework – cues and new information is associated with it.
Types of Mnemonics
• Acrostic Sentence
• Acronym
• Rhythm and Rhyme
• Drawings
• Physical Movement
• Visualizations
Acrostic Sentences• Every Good Boy Does Fine
• Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
• My Very Earnest Mother Just Served us Nine Pickles
• King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk
• Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting Metrics.
• ( Play Music At the Church) - steps of Mitosis
Why Should Students Summarize?• It’s a key thinking skill for learning
• It’s a LEARNING STRATEGY
• Enables students to create a “schema” for the information and remember it better and longer
• It’s a formative assessment (tells teachers what to re-teach and when)
Student summarizing
Is to be distributed throughout a lesson,
AND at the end
Two Types of Summarizing:
1. Distributed summarizing
(occurs throughout the lesson)
2. Summarizing at the end of the lesson
(provides evidence that students can
answer the essential question)
Examples of “Ticket Out the Door”(Comprehension Lesson)
• Write three events of the story in order.
• “Prove It” – write one fact and opinion that you could get from the story (be sure to be able to “prove it” from the text).
• “Give Me Five” – trace your hand and answer the 5 Ws, one answer per finger.
3-2-1Students write about the topic
• Explain three new concepts you learned
• Define two vocabulary words related to this lesson
• What is one thing that is still unclear, or one question you have about the topic
3-2-1 (Math Example)
3 – situations where you need to find perimeter
2 – ways to find perimeter of rectangle
1 – way you will remember the meaning of perimeter
Note to the Absent Student
Write a note to the absent student answering the essential question.
Dear ____________,
Today we learned……..The most important thing we learned was….. If you had been here you would have really enjoyed…. I hope that tomorrow we will learn ….
Your friend,
PS I’m wondering…
Learning Logs or Journals
• Prompts
• Today I learned…
• Three things I wonder…
• I know now….so I can…
• New things I learned today include…
The Most Important Thing is…
The things I know about summarizing
are________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________ . But the
most important thing is ______________
_____________________.
Key Points About Summarizing
• ALL students summarize!
• Students answer the Essential Question
• Teachers use it to assess and determine re-teaching needs
• It must be planned. It doesn’t just happen.
• Allocate time for this and don’t skip!
Summarizing must be distributed throughout the lesson, not just at the end!