©Shib 2013/FSA/2 1 - Fire Safe Worldfiresafeworld.com/downloads/Session-2-Fire-Safety-Audit-Inspection.pdf · and general building requirements for proper planning and design at

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 1

Session 2 : Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

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Type of Construction Means of Access Courtyards

Internal Roads Car Parking Basements

Parapets Terrace Staircases

Corridors / Lift Lobbies Ramps Lifts and Lift Rooms

Signs and Labels

Site inspection.

Why Fire Safety Audit ?

Objectives of Fire Safety Audit.Methodology of Fire Safety Audit. Records and Documents to be maintained.

What is Fire Safety Audit ? Scope of Fire Safety Audit.

Fire Safety Audits resolve a detailed and systematic audit ofall the fire safety controls, policies, procedures and fire safetytraining within an organization.

The fire safety audit will include a review of relevantmaintenance records and provision of a comprehensivewritten report detailing any anomalies noted with detailedrecommendations to overcome any deficiencies.

The objective of Fire Safety Audits is to set out a structuredprocess of auditing fire safety within the built environmentagainst specific benchmarks.


©Shib 2013/FSA/2 3Continued…

Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

Fire Safety Audit is an examination of the buildings /structures and relevant documents to ascertain how thebuildings are being managed regarding fire safety.

In other words it is aimed to assess the building forcompliance with the National Building Code of India, relevantIndian Standards and legislations passed by various stategovernment and local bodies on fire prevention and lifesafety measures.




Fire Safety Audit is found to be an effective tool for assessingfire safety standards of an occupancy / organisation.

It helps the occupants to identify the areas for improvementand evolve an action plan.

The main objective of safety audit is to carry out a systematiccritical appraisal of all potential hazards involving personnel,plant, services and operation method and to ensure thatSafety and Health system fully satisfy the legal requirements.


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A comprehensive fire safety audit is a structured andsystematic examination of an organization / occupancy toidentify the hazards from fire.

In other words, the fire safety audits are structured to checkcurrent adequacy of components, services and equipment;report of the expected performance, make recommendationsfor compliance with the existing building rules, regulations,codes and standards; and the requirement of providing a safeplace for living or carry out commercial or industrial activity .

What is Fire Safety Audit ?



A comprehensive fire safety audit can cover various aspectswhich are related to design, operation and maintenance ofthe facilities created for fire prevention, fire protection andlife safety measures.

Even it can cover the review of inherent fire hazardsassociated with the day to day activities in a building.

It assesses the building for compliance to the existingbuilding codes, national standards and the building safetyregulations.

They can even be tailored to suit a specific fire protectionsystem.




The audit findings are generally published in a report whichalso provides recommendations on how to remedy any non-compliance that were identified.

The fire safety audits are not limited to a desktop review ofavailable documentations or a visual inspection.

An active system test can be carried out to ensure all systemsoperate and interface as designed.


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Scope of Fire Safety Audit It is necessary to create a basic infrastructure for fire

prevention and fire protection in a high rise building.

It is also equally important to maintain them for meeting anyeventualities.

It is the duty of the occupants in a building or the body dulyconstituted by the occupants to provide the basicinfrastructure so that the potential fire can be extinguished inthe initial stage itself, saving life and property of theoccupants.



Scope of the Fire Safety AuditThe audits are structured to check:

Current adequacy of components, services and equipment. Report of the expected performance.

Make recommendations for the compliance with the existingrules, regulations, codes and standards.

The requirement of providing a safe place for living andworking.

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To review the existing infrastructure in relation to fireprevention, fire protection and life safety measures

To determine whether the existing infrastructures areadequate to cope up with a situation arising from fire or panic.

To determine whether the existing infrastructure provided bythe occupier / management can meet the existing rules andregulations of the fire department and other regulatory bodies.

To evaluate whether the fire fighting equipment and relatedgadgets provided in the building complex are in workingcondition.


Objectives of Fire Safety AuditFire Safety Audit & Inspection

To evaluate the awareness of the security guards / occupantsof the complex in relation to fire prevention and fire protectionmeasures, in the event of a potential fire

To evaluate the general awareness of occupants and securitypersonnel on matters relating to fire safety and rescueoperations.

To evaluate the training, information and instruction about thefire and life safety imparted to all available occupants and theemployees of the building.

To review additional infrastructure needed to save the life andproperty of the occupants of the building in the event of apotential fire.

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Objectives of Fire Safety AuditFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Verifying:

Reviewing the filled Audit Questionnaires. On the spot inspection of various installations on various

locations.

Discussions with the building officials about the existinginfrastructures of the building.

• Approved/Certified drawings of the building,• Conditional / Final NOC from Fire Brigade.• OC from Municipal Authorities.• Other Certificates and Documents relevant to audit


Methodology of Fire Safety AuditFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Testing of some critical installations to see whether they arefunctional.

Identify the procedures and practices followed by the securityguards / occupants, which are in compliance with the existingrules and regulations.

Preparation of final audit report.

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Methodology of Fire Safety AuditFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Statutory Regulations

Ensuring life safety is the most essential aspect of all buildingcodes.

The 2005 version of the NBC is representing the present state ofknowledge on various aspect of building construction in India.

Most of the States and Local Bodies in India have adopted manyof the code provisions in their own building Regulations.


National Building Code of India (NBC)


The Part–3 and Part–4 of the NBC are more appropriate to firesafety.

The Part–3 of the Code covers the development control rulesand general building requirements for proper planning anddesign at the layout of the building, level to ensure health andsafety, public safety and desired quality of life.

The Part–4 of the Code covers the requirements for fireprevention, fire protection and life safety measures of buildings.The code specifies planning and construction features and fireprotection features for all occupancies that are necessary tominimize danger to life and property.


Statutory RegulationsNational Building Code of India (NBC)


There are 5 Annexures viz. A, B, C, D, and E attached to Part–4 ofNBC.

Amongst the 5 Annexures, Annex–C and Annex–E are morerelevant to High-Rise Buildings.

Annex–E deals with Guidelines for Fire Drill And EvacuationProcedures for High-Rise Buildings–above 15 meters in height.

Annex–C deals with Fire Protection Requirements for High-RiseBuildings –15 meters in height and above.


Statutory RegulationsNational Building Code of India (NBC)


The norms and provisions available in these regulations aremore over similar in nature.

The Development Control Regulations are available in most ofthe major cities in the country.

These regulations have been amended from time to time formeeting the ground realities.

The provisions of the code are intended to serve as a model foradoption by Public Works Departments and other governmentconstruction departments, local bodies and other constructionagencies.


Statutory RegulationsDevelopment Control Regulations (DCR)


Various states in India have come up with Fire Codes /Regulations and some of them are listed below:

Andhra Pradesh Building Rules 2012.

Delhi Fire Services Act 2007.

Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Act 2006.

Tamil Nadu Fire Service Act 1985.

Delhi Fire Services Rules 2010.

Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Rules2009.

Karnataka Fire Safety Act 1964.

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Statutory RegulationsStatutes by various State Governments


List of Indian Standards on Fire Safety

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Statutory RegulationsBureau of Indian Standards (BIS)


List of NFPA Codes & Standards on Fire Safety

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Statutory RegulationsNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA)


Audit Team

• Fire Protection

Audits are carried out by a team of experts with the basicknowledge on :

• Fire Prevention

• Safety Principals

• Safety Audit Techniques

• Life Safety Measures

• Awareness of Current Provisions in various Regulations

• Experience in Report Writing

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Collection of Basic Data Collection of Basic Data of an occupancy is a vital aspect of

Fire Safety Audit.

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The Data collected should include the designs, installations,maintenance relating to fire protection, fire prevention andlife safety measures.

Construction of audit questionnaire is another vital aspectwhich will depend upon the nature of occupancy such asresidential units, commercial units, auditoriums, educationalinstitutions, etc…

Basic Data and Audit Questionnaire can be collected in aformat.

Format for Fire Safety Audit Part A – Basic Data andPart B – Questionnaire can be seen in the next slide

Continued…


Collection of Basic Data

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• Fire Safety Audit Part A – Basic Data ………. FORMAT

• Fire Safety Audit Part B – Questionnaire …. FORMAT


Clause 3.1.1, Part 4 of NBC 2005, states that all buildings, whetherexisting or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the useor the character of occupancy in one of the following groups …………..

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Site Inspection – Type of ConstructionFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Group Type of Building Group Type of BuildingGroup A Residential Group F MercantileGroup B Educational Group G IndustrialGroup C Institutional Group H StorageGroup D Assembly Group J HazardousGroup E Business

Site Inspection – Means of Access

The width of the main street on which the building abut shallnot be less than 12 meters and one end of this street shall joinanother street not less than 12 meters in width.

As per the Development Control Regulations (DCR),“Access” is an aligned means of passage from public road to theplot or land.

According to the NBC, Clause 3.4.6.1 part 4, means of access tothe high-rise building shall comply with the following provisions:

The road shall not terminate in a dead end; except in case ofresidential buildings, up to the height of 30 meters.



The compulsory open spaces around the building shall not beused for car parking.

Adequate passage and clearness required for fire fightingvehicles to enter the premises shall be provided at the mainentrance; the width of such entrance shall not be less than 4.5meters.

If an arch or covered gate is constructed, it shall have a clear-head room of not less than 5 meters.

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Site Inspection – Means of AccessFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Continued…

The NBC Clause 4.2.7, Part 4, insists that all exits shall be clearlyvisible and the route to reach the exits shall be clearly markedand signs posted to guide the occupants of the floor concerned.

Signs shall be illuminated and wired to an independentelectrical circuit on an alternative source of supply.

The size and colour of the exit signs shall be in accordance withgood practice.

The colour of the exit signs shall be green.

The NBC Clause 4.2.8, Part 4 also insists that the floors of areascovered for the means of exits shall be illuminated to the valuesnot less than 10 lux at the floor level.

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Site Inspection – Means of AccessFire Safety Audit & Inspection

As per the NBC, 2005, a Marginal Space of 9 meters, around thebuilding should be kept free from obstruction and open to sky atall time:

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Site Inspection – CourtyardFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Proper roads in the premises should be provided for easymobility of Fire Brigade Appliances and the roads should becapable to hold weight of the Fire Appliances i.e. 45 tons.

The width of the internal roads if any, shall not be less than6 meters.

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Site Inspection – Internal RoadsFire Safety Audit & Inspection

A typical view ofcar parking area ina High RiseBuilding.Heavy fire enginecan’t go aroundthe building in theevent of a fire

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Site Inspection – Internal RoadsFire Safety Audit & Inspection

According to the guidelines of Fire Brigade, Open car park, ifrequired in open spaces, shall be so arranged that internaldriveway is not obstructed.

Car park shall be restricted to stilted portion and outside theperiphery of 12 meters distance from the building line.

No covered car park shall be permitted in open spaces.

Car park provided on upper floors, shall be provided withsuitable ramp and driveway.

Car park provided on basement, shall be provided with suitable ramp and internal driveway.

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Site Inspection – Car ParkingFire Safety Audit & Inspection

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A typical view ofopen car parkingarea in a High RiseBuilding –Fire brigade inletsare situatedBehind the carparking area.

Site Inspection – Car ParkingFire Safety Audit & Inspection

The construction of basement shall be allowed by the Authorityin accordance with the land use and other provisions specifiedunder the Development Control Rules.

As per clause 12.9, Part-3 of the National Building Code, 2005,the basement shall not be used for residential purposes.

The basement to be constructed within the building envelopeand subject to maximum coverage on floor 1 (entrance floor)may be put to only the following uses:

• Storage of household and other goods of ordinarily non-combustible material.

• Storage rooms, bank sellers.• Air-conditioning equipment and other machines used for

services and utilities of the building.• Car parking spaces.


Site Inspection – Basement (Permitted Use)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

The basement shall not be permitted below the ward block of ahospital / nursing home, unless it is fully sprinkled.

The use of basements for kitchens working on gas fuel shall notbe permitted, unless air-conditioned.

Building services, such as electric sub-stations, boiler rooms inbasements, shall comply with the provisions of the IndianElectricity Act/Rules.


Site Inspection – Basement (Permitted Use)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

As per clause 12.9.3 of Part-4 of the National Building Code, 2005,.

Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.4 meters inheight from the floor to the underside of the roof slab or ceiling.

Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement:• The ventilation requirements shall be the same as required

by the particular occupancy according to byelaws;• Any deficiency may be met by providing adequate

mechanical ventilation in the form of blowers, exhaust fans,air-conditioning systems, etc..

Adequate arrangements shall be made such that surfacedrainage does not enter the basement.


Site Inspection – Basement (Basic Requirements)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

The walls and floors of the basement shall be water-tight and beso designed that the effects of the surrounding soil and moisture,if any, are taken into account in design and adequate dampproofing treatment is given.

The access to the basement shall be separate from the main andalternative staircase providing access and exit from the higherfloors.

Where the staircase is continuous in the case of buildings servedby more than one staircase, the same shall be enclosed typeserving as a fire separation from the basement floor and higherfloors.



The staircase of basements shall be of enclosed type having fireresistance of not less than 2 hours.

The staircase of basement shall be situated at the periphery ofthe basement to be entered at ground level only from the openair and in such positions that smoke from any fire in thebasement shall not obstruct any exit serving the ground andupper stores of the building and shall communicate withbasement through a lobby provided with fire resisting self-closing doors of one hour resistance.

Open ramps, shall be permitted, if they are constructed withinthe building line, subject to the prevention of surface drainagedoes not enter the basement.



If cut outs are provided from basements to the upper floors or tothe atmospheres, all sides of cut out openings in the basementsshall be protected by sprinkler head at close spacing so as toform a water curtain in the event of a fire.

If travel distance exceeds 30 meters, additional staircase shall beprovided at proper places.



Automatic sprinklers shall be installed, if basements used as carparks or storage occupancy, if the area exceeds 200m2.

Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in multi-level basements,covered upper floors used as car parks, any floor housingessential services ancillary to a particular occupancy or forstorage occupancy, excluding any area to be used as sub-station,A.C. Plant, D.G. Set.



According to Annexure C of Part -4 of the National BuildingCode, 2005, each basement in a high rise building shall beseparately ventilated.

Vents with cross-sectional area (aggregate) not less than 2.5 % ofthe floor area spread evenly round the perimeter of thebasement shall be provided in the form of grills, or breakablestall board lights or pavement lights or by way of shafts.

Alternatively, a system of air inlets shall be provided atbasement floor level, and smoke outlets at basement ceilinglevel.


Site Inspection – Basement (Ventilation)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

Inlets and extracts may be terminated at ground level with stallboard or pavement lights as before, but ducts to convey fresh airto the basement floor level have to be laid.

Stall board and pavement lights should be in positions easilyaccessible to the fire brigade and clearly marked “SMOKEOUTLET” or “AIR INLET”, with an indication of area served at ornear the opening.


Site Inspection – Basement (Ventilation)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

According to National Building Code, 2005, in multi-storybasements, intake ducts must serve all basement levels, buteach basement levels and basement compartment shall haveseparate smoke outlets and ducts.

Ducts so provided shall have the same fire resistance rating asthe compartment itself.

Fire rating may be taken as the required smoke extraction timefor smoke extraction ducts.

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Site Inspection – Basement (Ducts)Fire Safety Audit & Inspection

Generally a Terrace is found with the following:

Over Head Water Tank.

Lift Room/s

Booster Pump

Communication / DTH Antennas Lightening Arresters

Solar Panels Water Boilers / Heaters

Wind Mills


Site Inspection – TerraceFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Lightning Arrestors and

DTH Antennas.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 45


Four water pipelines are laid on

the middle of terrace of a High

Rise Building without a ramp.

In the absence of a ramp, persons

crossing the pipes can slip and cause

injury

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 46


A Typical Solar Panel

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 47


A TypicalWater Boiler

A general view of a

Booster Pump at the Terrace of a High Rise

Building, which is corroded.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 48


According to the DCR for Greater Mumbai (Clause 3 (66) ofSchedule Part 1) “parapet” is a low wall or railing built along theedge of the roof or floor.

As per clause 12.11 of Part-3 of the National Building Code,2005, parapet walls and handrails provided on the edges of theroof terrace, balcony,, ‘Verandah’, etc., shall not be less than 1.0meter and not more than 1.2 meters in height from the finishedfloor level.

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Site Inspection – ParapetFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Wide opening of the parapet of the terrace of a High

Rise building -average persons, in particular, a child

can fall to the ground (100 m. below) through

these openings –potential danger for

severe accidents

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Terrace without parapet of a High

Rise Building, which is about 30m height

– occupants and workers engaged in

maintenance can fall to the ground.

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Another view of the same terrace –

Railway Tracks can be seen below.

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Staircase having a width of 1.5 meters should be provided forhigh rise buildings.

The minimum headroom on a passage under the landing of astaircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2 meters and thewidth not less than 1.5 meters.

No living space, store or other fire risk shall open directly intothe staircases.

The room and external staircases shall be continuous fromground floor to the terrace level.

No electrical shafts, A/C. ducts or gas-pipes, shall pass throughor open staircases.


Site Inspection – Internal StaircasesFire Safety Audit & Inspection


Courtesy: NBC, 2005



A Typical Internal staircase


Lift shall not open in staircases. Tread and Riser of the staircases of the building should be as

per existing building by-laws. Staircase of the building should allow movement of fresh air. The layout of staircase of the building shall be enclosed type for

the entire/throughout its height. The enclosed staircase shall be reached via ventilated lobby

and shall have access through self-closing door of hard corewood of 45 mm thickness of at least half an hour of fireresistance.

The door shall be single swing doors opening in the direction ofthe escape.



The door shall be fitted with check action door closers.

Permanent vent at the top equal to 5% of cross section area ofstaircase shall be provided in the building.

Openable sashes at each floor level with area equal to 15 % ofcross sectional area of the enclosure on the external wall shallbe provided.

Staircases of the building must be well illuminated round theclock.

Lighting for the staircases of the building must be connected tostand by electric supply

All the exists and direction of travel to exit must beconspicuously marked with illuminated signs.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 57


External staircase shall directly be connected to ground.

There shall be no wall opening or window in external staircase.

External staircase shall have width of minimum 1.25 m, tread250 mm & riser more than 190 mm.

An external staircase is desirable to be provided for high risebuildings. As per NBC, Clause 4.11 part 4:

Maximum number of stairs per flight shall be 15.

Entrance to external staircase shall be separate from internalstaircase.



Sr. No. Type of Occupancy Minimum width of staircase / Stairway (in meters)

1 Residential Building (a) Low rise(b) Hotels and High Rise

1.21.5

2 Educational Building (a) Upto 24m High(b) Over 24m High

1.52.0

3 Institutional Building (i.e. Hospital) (a) Upto 10 Beds(b) Over 10 Beds

1.52.0

4 Assembly Buildings 2.0

5 Mercantile Business , Industrial Storage, Hazardous Buildings(a) Low rise(b) High Rise

1.52.0

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 59


Corridor / Lift Lobby at each floor level, shall be ventilateddirectly to the outside areas.

Doors of the individual residential flats, opening in thecommon corridor, shall have a fire resistance of not less thanhalf an hour (solid core door having 45 mm thickness).

According to the definition given in DCR, (3(22))“corridor” means a common passage or circular space including acommon entrance hall. The corridor should meet the followingrequirements:

The ventilation directly provided to the corridor / lift lobby,shall not have any covering in the form of parapet or grill andshall be open to the atmosphere.


Site Inspection – Corridors /Lift LobbiesFire Safety Audit & Inspection

• Residential buildings, dwelling unit type 01.00 m.

• Assembly buildings like auditorium theatres & cinemas 02.00 m

The following minimum width provisions shall be made foreach passage way/corridor:

• Residential buildings, e.g., hostels, etc. 01.25 m.

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• All other buildings including hotels 01.50 m

• Hospital, Nursing Homes, etc. 02.40 m


General View of Lift Lobby of a

High Rise Building

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Obstruction in Corridor / lift lobby of a High Rise Building – by placing decorative items.

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Encroachment in Corridor / lift lobby of a High Rise Building –Escape routes blocked

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As per NBC, Clause 4.1.4 of Part 4, ramps shall comply with allthe applicable requirements for stairways regarding enclosure,capacity and limiting, dimensions except where specified forspecial uses and occupancies.

The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 : 10.

For all slopes exceeding 1:10 and wherever the use is such as toinvolve danger of slipping the ramp shall be surfaced withapproved non-slipping materials.

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In certain cases, steeper slopes may be permitted but in no casethan 1:8

Site Inspection – RampsFire Safety Audit & Inspection

The Annexure C–1.5 of Part 4 of NBC, 2005 recommendsminimum 2 lifts for the high-rise residential buildings.

Both the lifts of the building are to be detached with each other.

Both the lifts of the buildings should be of high speed in nature(speed: 1 meter per second).

Planning and design of each lifts shall be in accordance with theNBC 2005 Section 5, (installation of lifts and escalators).

Lifts of the building are to be provided with automatic steeldoors for lift cars and landings. Collapsible gates shall not bepermitted.


Site Inspection – Lifts and Lift RoomsFire Safety Audit & Inspection

Landing doors in the lift enclosure must have fire resistance ofnot less than 1 hour.

A separated wall of 2 hours fire resistance rating shall beprovided between the lift shafts.

Lift car door shall have a fire resistance rating of half an hour Grounding switch (es) at a ground floor level shall be provided

on all the lifts to enable the fire service to ground the lifts incase of emergency.

Telephone or other communication facilities shall be provided inlift car for building of 30 meters in height and above.

Wall of lift enclosure shall have fire resistance of not less than2 hours.



A sign shall be posted and maintained on every floor at or nearthe lift indicating that in case of fire, occupants shall use thestairs unless instructed otherwise.

The signs shall also contain a plan for each floor showing thelocation of the stairways.

Alternative source of power supply shall be provided for all thelifts through a manually operated change over system.

Communication system for lifts shall be connected to firecontrol room of the building.

The number of lifts in one row for a lift bank shall not exceed4 and the total number of lifts in the bank (of two rows) shallnot exceed 8. A wall of 2 hours fire rating shall separateindividual shafts in a bank.



Inside view of a Domestic Lift in a High Rise Building

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 69


Service Lift walls in a High Rise

Building which is covered with combustible material to avoid scratches on the

cabins

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 70


Open Electrical Fittings on the Ceiling of the

Service Elevator in a High Rise

Building -Potential Short

Circuits and Electrical shock

to the occupants

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 71


General view of Lift Machinery in

a High Rise Building

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 72


Moving parts (wheel and belt) of lift machinery

not guarded of a High Rise

Building–Potential

mechanical hazard.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 73


A typical view of lift room of a

High Rise Building.Combustible items

are dumped. Potential fire

hazard.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 74


• A sign shall be posted and maintained in a conspicuous placeon every floor at or near the lift landing in accordance withthe requirements, indicating that in case of fire, occupantsshall use the stairs unless instructed otherwise.

• The sign shall contain a diagram showing the location of thestairways except that such diagram may be omitted,provided signs containing such diagram are posted inconspicuous places on the respective floor.

Signs at Lift Landings.

• A sign shall read “IN CASE OF FIRE, USE STAIRS UNLESSINSTRUCTED OTHERWISE”.

©Shib 2013/FSA/2 75Continued….

Site Inspection – Signs and LabelsFire Safety Audit & Inspection

• Such lettering shall be properly spaced to provide goodlegibility.

• The top of the sign shall not be above 2 m from the floorlevel.

• The sign shall be at least 250 mm x 300 mm, where thediagram is also incorporated in it and 62.5 mm x 250 mmwhere the diagram is omitted. In the latter case, the diagramsign shall be at least 200 mm x 300 mm.

• The lettering shall be at least 12.5 mm block letters in redand white background.

• The sign shall be located directly above a call-button andsquarely attached to the wall or partition.



• A sign shall be posted and maintained within each stairenclosure on every floor, indicating the number of the floor,in accordance with the requirements given below.

• The numerals shall be of bold type and at least 75 mm high.

Floor Numbering Signs.

• The sign shall be securely attached to the stair side of thedoor.

• The numerals and background shall be in contrasting colours.



• Each stairway and each elevator back shall be identified byan alphabetical letter.

Stair and Elevator Identification Signs.

• A sign indicating the letter of identification shall be postedand maintained at each elevator landing and on the side ofthe stairway door from which egress is to be made, inaccordance with the requirements.

• Such signs shall be securely attached.

• The lettering on the sign shall be at least 75 mm high, of boldtype and of contrasting colour from the background.



Stair Re-entry Signs.• A sign shall be posted and maintained on each floor within

each stairway and on the occupancy side of the stairwaywhere required, indicating whether re-entry is provided intothe building and the floor where such re-entry is provided, inaccordance with the requirements .

• The lettering and background shall be of contrasting coloursand the signs shall be securely attached approximately 1.5 mabove the floor level.

• The lettering and numerals of the signs shall be at least 12.5mm high of bold type.



• Fire command station shall be provided with floor plan of thebuilding and other pertinent information relative to the serviceequipment of the building.

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©Shib 2013/FSA/2 81