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SShark and Ray Commercial
Fisheries in Portugal(1986 – 2006)
João Correia
www.apece.ptwww.eulasmo.org
Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo e Conservação de
Elasmobrânquios
www.apece.pt
Oviparous (1 / 3)
SShark and ray reproduction
Viviparous (3 / 3)
SShark and ray reproduction
Ovoviviparous (2 / 3)
SShark and ray reproduction
Low fecundity
Large, precocious young
Slow growth
Late maturity
Long life
Highly susceptible to over-fishing!
RReproductive strategy (and
other things) result in:
Are you for real?!
SSo, there are sharks in
Portugal??
47 species of sharks
29 species of rays
3 species of chimaeras
SSharks and rays in Portugal
Publications – Antunes (1970), Correia et al. (1995), Viriato et al. (1996),
Correia e Figueiredo (1997), Silva et al. (1998), Correia (1999), Correia (2001),
Areitio et al. (2001), Sundström et al. (2001), Coelho & Erzini (2002), Young et al.
(2002), Coelho et al. (2003), Gordon et al. (2003), Veríssimo et al. (2003), Correia &
Smith (2004), Machado et al. (2004), Queiroz et al. (2005), Maia et al. (2006), Neiva
et al. (2006) and Maia et al. (2007).
Others – Silva (1983, 1987, 1988), Melo et al. (1987), Melo & Silva (1990),
Figueiredo & Correia (1996), Figueiredo et al. (1996a), Silva & Pereira (1998),
Machado & Figueiredo (2000), Erzini et al. (2002) and Machado et al. (2003).
Reports, thesis – Achenbach (1971), Marques (1978), Cunha (1987),
Correia (1994), Machado (1996), Correia (1997), Oliveira (1998), Traguelho (1998),
Frade (1999), Coelho (2000), Santos (2001), Veríssimo (2001), Rosa (2002), Branco
(2003), Moura (2003), Maia (2004), Queiroz (2004), Severino (2004) and Neiva
(2004).
SSharks and rays in Portugal
Fishing gear – trawling
Fishing gear – surface longline
Fishing gear – bottom longline
Fishing gear – purse seine
SSharks and rays in Portugal
Direcção Geral das Pescas e Aquicultura
(Fisheries Board) – get much data!
“Correia Lab.” - analyse much data:
- Year, month, port, species, weight, price
- Sum “Species”, “Year” and “Port”
- Correlate “Weight” and “Price” vs. Time
- Investigate evolution of “Price”
MMethods
capesca SesimbraDoc
MMethods – the raw data
0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000
4.000.000
5.000.000
6.000.000
7.000.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
tal la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0 €
0,5 €
1,0 €
1,5 €
2,0 €
2,5 €
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Total landed 1986 – 2006: 108.671 ton
landings
price
RResults
Total landed 1986 – 2001: 82.704 ton
RResults
USA coastline – 20.000 km
Portugal coastline – 1.800 km
Portugal vs. USA coastline – 9%
USA shark landings 1987-1991 – 122.900 ton
Portugal shark landings 1987-1991 – 27.900 ton
Portugal vs. USA landings – 23%
35.613.497
13.131.944
12.757.799
10.853.760
9.774.175
8.686.826
3.060.010
2.477.966
1.962.409
1.682.042
1.465.716
1.429.425
1.405.766
1.188.262
610.363
609.646
550.549
363.887
263.999
222.002
108.354
0
5.0
00.0
00
10.0
00.0
00
15.0
00.0
00
20.0
00.0
00
25.0
00.0
00
30.0
00.0
00
35.0
00.0
00
40.0
00.0
00
Raja sp.
Scyliorhinus sp.
Centroscymnus coelolepis
Centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus granulosus
Prionace glauca
Dalatias licha
Mustelus sp.
Isurus oxyrinchus
Pleurotremata
Torpedo sp.
Oxynotus centrina
Galeorhinus sp.
Carcharhinus sp.
Galeus melastomus
Deania calcea
Alopias vulpinus
Myliobatis aquila
Squatina sp.
Sphyrna sp.
Squalus acanthias
Total landed (Kg)
Species
RResults
José Castro (N.M.F.S.)
SSpecies
Dr.
Fishing Ports
26.160.636
17.347.682
9.930.235
6.173.793
5.283.635
5.196.854
3.679.703
3.590.541
3.285.723
3.188.347
3.040.222
2.979.215
2.945.053
2.676.524
2.304.992
1.374.864
1.294.782
1.226.436
791.926
717.090
661.608
639.163
587.797
518.978
239.972
233.522
216.970
214.132
212.422
211.129
207.635
148.449
144.515
125.342
121.951
106.568
0
5.0
00.0
00
10.0
00.0
00
15.0
00.0
00
20.0
00.0
00
25.0
00.0
00
30.0
00.0
00
Sesimbra
Peniche
Viana do Castelo
Nazaré
Matosinhos
Figueira da Foz
Ponta Delgada (doca)
Olhão
Lisboa
Sagres
Sines
Aveiro
Setúbal
Póvoa do Varzim
Portimão
Cascais
Rabo de Peixe
Vila Real St. António
Quarteira
Ericeira
Câmara de Lobos
Tavira
Trafaria
Lagos
Horta (Santa Cruz)
V. Nova de Milfontes
Praia da Vitória
Vigo
Costa da Caparica
Madalena do Pico
São Mateus
Vila do Conde
Azenha do Mar
Funchal
Fuzeta
Esposende
Total landed (Kg)
RResults
Distribution
Species vs. Port
RResults
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Raja sp.
Kg: - 18 ton / year (non-sig.)
€: + 0,10 / year
SSkates – all Raja
SSkates – all Raja
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Raja sp.)
SSkates – all Raja
€/Kg est: inflation
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1.000.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Centroscymnus coelolepis
Kg: + 5,6 ton / year (non sig.)
€: + 0,04 / year
PPortuguese dogfish – Carocho
Near Threatened
PPortuguese dogfish - Carocho
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1.000.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Centroscymnus coelolepis)
PPortuguese dogfish - Carocho(Viana do Castelo, May 2003)
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Centrophorus squamosus
Kg: + 4,3 ton / year
€: + 0,08 / year
LLeafscale gulper shark – Lixa
Vulnerable
LLeafscale gulper shark - Lixa
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Centrophorus squamosus)
LLeafscale gulper shark – Lixa (R/V “Noruega”, July 1997)
0
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
1.400.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
tal la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Centrophorus granulosus
Kg: - 55,9 ton / year
€: + 0,11 / year
GGulper shark - Barroso
Vulnerable
GGulper shark - Barroso
0
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
1.400.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Centrophorus granulosus)
GGulper shark - Barroso (Sesimbra, March 2004)
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Prionace glauca
Kg: + 18,1 ton / year
€: + 0,04 / year
BBlue shark - Tintureira
Near Threatened
BBlue shark - Tintureira
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Prionace glauca)
BBlue shark – Tintureira (Nazaré, June 2003)
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.000
400.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Mustelus spp.
Kg: - 10,3 ton / year
€: + 0,11 / year
SSmouthounds - Cações
Least Concern
SSmouthounds - Cações
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.000
400.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Mustelus sp.)
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Dalatias licha
Kg: - 12,3 ton / year (non sig.)
€: + 0,01 / year (non sig.)
KKitefin shark - Gata
Data deficient
KKitefin shark - Gata
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Dalatias licha)
KKitefin shark - Gata (Sesimbra, January 2004)
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Torpedo spp.
Kg: - 4,6 ton / year
€: + 0,08 / year
TTorpedo rays - Tremelgas
Not listed
TTorpedo rays - Tremelgas
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Torpedo sp.)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
Pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
Squatina spp.
Kg: - 2,2 ton / year
€: + 0,07 / year
AAngel sharks – Tubarões-anjo
Critically Endangered
AAngel sharks – Tubarões-anjo
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
To
ta
l la
nd
ed
(K
g)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ave
ra
ge
pric
e (
€ /
Kg
)
€/Kg / Year obs€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006)€/Kg / Year est (base: 1986)Kg obs (Squatina sp.)
BBlackmouth catshark – Leitão(R/V “Noruega” September 1996)
SSixgill shark – Tubarão-albafar(Sesimbra 1997)
SShortfin mako – Anequim(Peniche, August 2003)
SSmooth hammerhead and
Bigeye thresher – Martelo & Raposo(Olhão, September 2006)
SSummaryCategory I – Kg ▼ € / Kg ▲
Category II – Kg▲ € / Kg▲Category III – non sig.
Some species show clear signs of over-fishing
Shark Action Plan – priority!
Biological sampling - continue
Catch and Effort analysis – declare CPUE (diplomacy)
CConclusion
AAcknowledgements
