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2008 Delmarva Poultry ConferenceSeptember 10, 2008
POULTRY BIOSECURITY
David Shapiro, DVM, Dipl. ACPVDirector of Veterinary Services
Perdue Farms, Inc.Salisbury, Maryland, USA
phone: 410-543-3921email: [email protected]
Biosecurity
• Biosecurity Best Practices
• Biosecurity Risk Assessments
• Biosecurity Gaps and Ideas
PHENOL SOLUTION
Locker Room for Street ClothesDressing Room
Breeder Farm Rest of World
Arbor Acres Zimbabwe BiosecurityCirca 1982
5 Steps to Better Biosecurity …
1. Eliminating Risk (Never Evers)2. Managing those Risks you can’t Eliminate
(Dedicated Tos)3. Farm-Specific Biosecurity Program4. BMPs for each area of the company involved
in live birds5. Risk Assessment
Biosecurity BMP Programs1. Producers2. Flock Supervisors3. Feed Mill4. Hatchery5. Livehaul6. Vendor7. and so on……..
Levels of Biosecurity
• Level 1 – no serious disease threat– Doesn’t mean no threat at all– Marek’s, Gumboro, Newcastle, Bronchitis, Salmonella, E. coli
• Level 2 – serious disease present or threatening– LT, Mg, Fowl Cholera
• Level 3 – emergency disease present or threatening– AI– Exotic Newcastle
Biosecurity Focus
• Prevent the Introduction
• Prevent the Spread
• Surveillance Systems: to detect a breech of the biosecurity system (as quickly as possible) so that damage can be limited through depopulation or increased biosecurity
Rationale for Quantitative Risk Assessment
• Poultry producers make regular determinations for management, nutrition, health programs, etc. based on quantitative data and cost effectiveness.
• Biosecurity decisions should be made the same way.
Biosecurity Risk Assessment Objectives:
• Judge biosecurity risk in a quantitative way.
• Help flock supervisors and farm owners understand and discuss “risky” practices.
• Use this tool to manage the risk.
HISTORY• Basic biosecurity concepts (e.g. age separation,
quarantines, etc.) are mentioned in early poultry texts.
• Biosecurity becomes part of poultry parlance in the 1980s.
• Early “assessments” were simple checklists; more like simple audits. Points arbitrarily sometimes assigned but methodology was primitive.
General Considerations
• Assessments must be fair and objective.
• Questions designed to avoid subjectivity.
• Assessor must understand poultry production and communicate well with farmers.
• Assessor should use consistent and colloquial language.
• Assessment should be explained to the farmer to reduce anxiety.
• Documents, maps, GPS device, binoculars.
• Farmer or individual knowledgeable about the site must be present.
• Post-assessment debriefing should be held.
Basis for Risk Assessments
• Experimental Evidence: virus transmission studies, knowledge of pathogen, etc.
• Retrospective Analysis: review of historical information to judge the relative importance of parameters affecting risk.
• Expert Recommendations: combine the above two sources plus anecdotal, personal, and regional experiences.
ExpertRecommendations from72 North AmericanPoultry Professionals: highest priority biosecurity risks
Parts of the Assessment
• FARM INFO followed by subdivisions
• AREA: Parameters affecting the overall risk for that region
• FARM: Parameters impacting the probability that the risk (AI) could get onto the farm
• HOUSE: Factors determining whether the birds will come into contact with the risk (AI)
Growout Farm Risk Assessment Tool
• 69 Total Inquiries– Area - 34 questions– Farm - 19 questions– House - 16 questions
Assessment Scores
• Not a continuous (1-10) scale. Large increments used clearly delineate risk levels
• 0: Zero risk or as close to zero risk as could practically be expected under commercial poultry conditions
• 4: Acceptable risk within a framework of good farm practices
• 16: High risk
• 64: Unacceptable Risk
#14 = high number of other integrators in area, #39 = manure spread near to houses,#59 = poor visitor dress policies