Upload
dangkhanh
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht wishes to thank the clients and project teams for their permission to publish the photographs, drawings and texts for the case studies featured in this manual.
Every effort has been made to include appropriate credits for each project; any omissions are regretted and if brought to the Department’s attention will be corrected in any future publication. CASE STUDIES IN ADAPTATION AND REUSE
IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
CONTEXTS
CHALLENGES
SOLUTIONS
LESSONS
SHAPING THE FUTURE
SH
AP
ING
THE FU
TUR
E CA
SE
ST
UD
IES
IN A
DA
PTA
TIO
N A
ND
RE
US
E IN
HIS
TO
RIC
UR
BA
N E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TS
SHAPING THE FUTURECase Studies in Adaptation and Reuse in Historic Urban Environments. December 2012.
€10 ISBN 978-1-4-64-2721-9
© Government of Ireland 2012
Dublin
Published by The Stationery Offi ce
To be purchased by mail order from Government Publications, Postal Trade Section, Unit 20 Lakeside Retail Park, Claremorris, Co. Mayo
Tel: 01-6476834/37 or 1890 213434;Fax: 01-6476843 or 094 9378964
or through any bookseller
General ContactsLoCall: 1890202021International: +353 1 8882000Web: www.ahg.gov.ieAddress: Custom House, Dublin 1.
This publication is an initiative under the Government Policy on Architecture 2009-2015 Implementation Programme by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
Prepared byPaul Keogh Architects
Designed byRed Dog
This publication is printed on paper and board which is produced from pulp sourced from sustainably managed forests.
The Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht wishes to thank the clients and project teams for their permission to publish the photographs, drawings and texts for the case studies featured in this manual.
Every effort has been made to include appropriate credits for each project; any omissions are regretted and if brought to the Department’s attention will be corrected in any future publication. CASE STUDIES IN ADAPTATION AND REUSE
IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
CONTEXTS
CHALLENGES
SOLUTIONS
LESSONS
SHAPING THE FUTURE
SH
AP
ING
THE FU
TUR
E CA
SE
ST
UD
IES
IN A
DA
PTA
TIO
N A
ND
RE
US
E IN
HIS
TO
RIC
UR
BA
N E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TS
SHAPING THE FUTURECase Studies in Adaptation and Reuse in Historic Urban Environments. December 2012.
€10 ISBN 978-1-4-64-2721-9
© Government of Ireland 2012
Dublin
Published by The Stationery Offi ce
To be purchased by mail order from Government Publications, Postal Trade Section, Unit 20 Lakeside Retail Park, Claremorris, Co. Mayo
Tel: 01-6476834/37 or 1890 213434;Fax: 01-6476843 or 094 9378964
or through any bookseller
General ContactsLoCall: 1890202021International: +353 1 8882000Web: www.ahg.gov.ieAddress: Custom House, Dublin 1.
This publication is an initiative under the Government Policy on Architecture 2009-2015 Implementation Programme by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
Prepared byPaul Keogh Architects
Designed byRed Dog
This publication is printed on paper and board which is produced from pulp sourced from sustainably managed forests.
The Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht wishes to thank the clients and project teams for their permission to publish the photographs, drawings and texts for the case studies featured in this manual.
Every effort has been made to include appropriate credits for each project; any omissions are regretted and if brought to the Department’s attention will be corrected in any future publication. CASE STUDIES IN ADAPTATION AND REUSE
IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
CONTEXTS
CHALLENGES
SOLUTIONS
LESSONS
SHAPING THE FUTURE
SH
AP
ING
THE FU
TUR
E CA
SE
ST
UD
IES
IN A
DA
PTA
TIO
N A
ND
RE
US
E IN
HIS
TO
RIC
UR
BA
N E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TS
SHAPING THE FUTURECase Studies in Adaptation and Reuse in Historic Urban Environments. December 2012.
€10 ISBN 978-1-4-64-2721-9
© Government of Ireland 2012
Dublin
Published by The Stationery Offi ce
To be purchased by mail order from Government Publications, Postal Trade Section, Unit 20 Lakeside Retail Park, Claremorris, Co. Mayo
Tel: 01-6476834/37 or 1890 213434;Fax: 01-6476843 or 094 9378964
or through any bookseller
General ContactsLoCall: 1890202021International: +353 1 8882000Web: www.ahg.gov.ieAddress: Custom House, Dublin 1.
This publication is an initiative under the Government Policy on Architecture 2009-2015 Implementation Programme by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
Prepared byPaul Keogh Architects
Designed byRed Dog
This publication is printed on paper and board which is produced from pulp sourced from sustainably managed forests.
Contents
3 Foreword
IntroductIon4 shapingtheFuture–settingAppropriatestrategiesInPlace
context8 Introduction11 CorkHistoricCentreActionPlan15 KilkennyLocalAreaPlan19 theLibertiesLocalAreaPlan
urban Structure22 Introduction25 sligoCourthouseBlockUrbanDesignFrameworkPlan29 templeBarFrameworkPlan33 WestportPlan2000,AnIntegratedActionPlanForWestport
PublIc realm36 Introduction39 DublinPublicRealmstrategy43 WaterfordVikingtriangleInitiative47 AbbeyleixsustainableCommunitiesPlan
adaPtIve reuSe50 Introduction55 IrishFilmInstitute,templeBar59 MixedUseDevelopment,Castlestreet,Dublin63 KodakHouse,Rathmines67 WarehouseConversion,Barrowstreet,Dublin71 CoppingerCourt,Cork75 theMainGuard,Clonmel79 theDaintreeBuilding,Camdenstreet83 BaldoyleLibrary87 LifetimeLab,FormerCorkCityWaterworks91 LismoreLibrary95 Livingovertheshop,no.16Capelstreet99 CHq/stackA103 MountpleasantAvenue,Dublin107 theIslandCrematorium111 Fuse,Lennoxstreet115 theHighlanesGallery,Drogheda119 HeritageCouncilHeadquarters,Kilkenny123 AWallForthequeen127 RushLibrary131 WaterfordHealthPark135 Architect’sstudio,Pearsestreet139 BackYard,JohnDillonstreet,Dublin143 DublinDentalHospital147 theMilkMarket,Limerick
aPPendIceS 150 Bibliography152 PracticeProfiles158 PhotoCredits
1
FoReWoRD
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
2
thequalityofourbuiltenvironmentprofoundlyaffectsthequalityofoureverydaylives.thisfactisoneofthekeydriversbehindthedesign,andcontinualregeneration,ofoursurroundings,andisalsothereasonwhysofewofusarepassivewhenitcomestoholdingandexpressingaviewonthequalityofthebuiltenvironmentinourlocalities.
AsMinisterforArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht,IholdtheviewthatthenaturalandbuiltheritageofIrelandisanationalasset.thisnationalassethasalwaysmadeanimportantcontributiontotheeconomicactivityofcommunitiesatbothlocalandregionallevel.now,thereisagrowingawarenessoftheeconomicpotentialofthehistoricenvironmentandthebenefitsthatarisefrominvestinginourbuilt,naturalandculturalheritage,especiallyforthecommunitieswhicharethecustodiansofthatheritage.
Furthermore,culturaltourismhasbeenidentifiedintheProgrammeforGovernmentasanimportantelementofIreland’stourismproduct,andourbuiltheritageisakeytourismattractioninthatregard.the
protectionandenhancementofourbuiltheritageplaysamajorroleinincreasingIreland’sattractivenessasatourismdestination.Utilisingthisresourcewillassistinunderpinningandadvancingeconomicactivityatalocallevel.thiscanbeachievedbypromotingtheenhancementofourbuiltheritageinthepoliciesincludedineachcityandcountydevelopmentplan.
However,theprotectionandforwardmanagementofthearchitecturalheritageofanareashouldnotbeseenjustasanendinitself.Itshouldalsobeviewedasafoundationforgivingatrulydistinctivesenseofplaceandidentitytoourcities,townsandvillages.Asisdemonstratedintheattachedcasestudies,successfuldevelopmentplanpoliciesforthebuiltheritagearethosewhichhavebeenintegratedintothebroaderplanningcontextandsustainabledevelopmentofanarea.Anintegratedapproachallowingconservationpracticetobepartofdistinctiveandsuccessfulplanningshouldalsoexploreinnovativetechnicalandplanningpracticesapplicableandappropriatetobothhistoricsettingsandstructures.
thisadaptationandreusemanualisatthecentreoftheGovernment Policy on Architecture2009-2015whichprovidestheappropriateframeworkforarchitecturalpolicynationally.IamimpressedbythelevelofinnovativepracticeasoutlinedinthismanualanditscasestudiesandasaresultIcanonlylookforwardtoseeingarenewedcommitmentbyallstakeholderstoutilisingourheritageassetsintothefuturebothinasustainableandresponsibleway.
Jimmy Deenihan, T.D.Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
—32
IntRoDUCtIonShaping the Future – setting appropriate strategies in place
Background
theGovernment Policy on Architecture2009-2015providestheframeworkforarchitecturalpolicynationallyandiscoordinatedcentrallybytheDepartmentofArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht.Itplacesanemphasisonsustainabledevelopmentandurbandesignandincorporatesarchitecturalheritageinanintegratedmannerwhileencouragingandsupportinghighqualitymodernarchitecture.thisadaptationandreusemanualhasbeendevelopedinresponsetoAction23oftheGovernment Policy on Architecture.
securingthesustainablefutureofourexistingnationalassets-physical,socialandenvironmental-istodayattheheartofpolicyonthebuiltenvironment.sincepublicationoftheNational Spatial Strategyin2002,policies,strategiesandplansatnational,regionalandlocallevelhavefocusedonimperativestorenew,consolidateandstrengthenthenation’scities,townsandvillages–includingobjectivestokeepthemphysicallycompactandcontained.Also,promotingtheirvitalityandviabilityisfirmlyestablishedasakeycomponentinthetaskofdeliveringsustainabledevelopment,economiccompetitiveness,efficientinfrastructureandenvironmentalprotection.
similarly,nationalplanningpolicyprovidesfortheprotectionandconservationofurbanplacesofspecialinterest.sincetheintroductionoflegislationunderPartIVofthePlanning and Development Act2000,asamended,planningauthoritiesarerequiredtoprotectsignificantbuildingsandstructures,whileprovisionismadetoprotectthecharacterofplacesandtownscapes
ofspecialarchitectural,historic,socialandotherinterest-bydesignatingthemasarchitecturalconservationareas.
theseprovisionsechothoseinthemajorinternationalchartersandconventionsonbotharchitecturalheritageandurbandevelopment.sincethe1960s,theinterrelationshipbetweenbuildingsandtheirurbansettings,andintegrationoftheprotectionofarchitecturalheritageintotownplanningprocesses,havebeenkeyobjectivesofeuropeanpolicyonthebuiltenvironment.the1964ICoMosInternational Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites(theVeniceCharter)whichbuiltontheworkofnineteenthandearlytwentieth-centuryconservationists,expandedtheconceptofanhistoricmonumentto‘embracenotonlythesinglearchitecturalworkbutalsotheurbanorruralsettinginwhichisfoundtheevidenceofaparticularcivilisation,asignificantdevelopmentoranhistoricevent’(Article1).Article11statesthat‘thevalidcontributionsofallperiodstothebuildingofamonumentmustberespected,sinceunityofstyleisnottheaimofarestoration’.ItmaybenotedthattheCharterofVenicedifferedfromtheworkofearlierwritersonconservationprincipleswho,sincethe1890s,hadcategorisedmonumentsintotwotypes:deadmonuments‘belongingtoapastcivilisationorservingobsoletepurposes’andlivingmonuments,‘thosecontinuingtoservethepurposeforwhichtheywereoriginallyintended’.HoweverinBritainandIrelandtodayancient/nationalmonumentsandlistedbuildings/protectedstructuresremainprotectedunderseparatelegalcodes.
toanextentsomeofthearticlesoftheVeniceCharterareoftheirtimeandneedtobereadinconjunctionwithmorerecentICoMosdocumentssuchastheBurraCharter(1976andlaterrevisions)andthenaraDocumentonAuthenticity(1994).MorerecentlyICCRoM,asister-organisationofICoMosundertheUnesCoumbrella,hasprovidedaforumforthedevelopmentofideasbeyondtheVeniceCharter’sconceptofauthenticityinpurelymaterialtermstowardsgivinggreaterweighttocommunityauthenticity.
PriortothepublicationoftheVeniceCharter,theIrishLocalGovernment(PlanningandDevelopmentAct)1963madeprovisionindevelopmentplansforplanningauthoritiestolistforpreservation‘buildingsofartistic,architecturalorhistoricinterest’thoughthiswasnotmandatory.Alsoin1963,theparliamentaryassemblyoftheCouncilofeuropetooktheinitiativeinpromotingeuropeanintergovernmentalco-operationforthesafeguardingandthedevelopmentoftheculturalheritageofmonumentsandsites,withaviewtopreparingaeuropeanconvention.Inseptember1975thecommitteeofministersadoptedtheEuropean Charter of the Architectural Heritage.Itsprinciples,incorporatedinadeclarationmadeattheCongressofAmsterdam,heldaspartofeuropeanArchitecturalHeritageYear,highlightedtheneedtointegrateconservationintownplanning,preservegroupsofhistoricbuildingsandtheirenvironment,andtaketheheritageintoaccountasapartofeconomicandsociallife.The Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe(theGranadaConvention)whichfollowedtheseprocesses,wasopenedforsignatureinoctober
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
4
1985.theconventionextendedthedefinitionofarchitecturalheritagebeyondmonuments,buildingsandstructuresof‘conspicuoushistorical,archaeological,artistic,scientific,socialortechnicalinterest’toincludegroupsofurbanorrural,buildingsandsiteswhichare‘sufficientlydistinctiveandhomogenoustoformtopographicallydefinableunits’.
theGranadaConventionwasratifiedbyIrelandin1997,followingwhichtheLocalGovernment(PlanningandDevelopment)Act,1999andtheArchitecturalHeritage(nationalInventory)andHistoricMonuments(MiscellaneousProvisions)Actwereplacedonthestatutebook.
todaytheconceptofthehistoricbuiltenvironmentismuchbroaderthanthatunderstoodbynineteenth-centuryconservationistswhosefocuswaspredominantlyonindividualmonuments,particularlythoseofsignificantscaleandimportance.Itisaplacewherepeopleliveandworkorvisitandstay,andiscomposedforthemostpartofmoremodestbuildingsineverydayuse.ItisthisbroaderenvironmentwhichPartIVofthePlanningandDevelopmentAct,2000,asamended,seekstoprotectbywayoflegislationandguidance.theDepartmentofArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht’sconservationprinciplesaresetoutinChapter7oftheArchitectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities(2004,reissued2011).
[1]
[1] CorkLifetimeLab–formerCorkcitywaterworks
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—54
Whiletheguidelinesdonotpurporttobealegalinterpretationoftheconventions,acts,regulationsorproceduresmentionedtherein,theiraimistoassistplannersandothersinunderstandingthecurrentguidingprinciplesofconservationandrestoration.theintroductiontotheguidelinesstates(1.1.2)‘sympatheticmaintenance,adaptationandreusecanallowthearchitecturalheritagetoyieldaesthetic,environmentalandeconomicbenefitsevenwheretheoriginalusemaynolongerbeviable.thecreativechallengeistofindappropriatewaystosatisfytherequirementsofastructuretobesafe,durableandusefulontheonehand,andtoretainitscharacterandspecialinterestontheother’.
Morerecently,the2007Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Citiesemphasisesthateurope’sarchitecturalheritageincludesnotonlyhistoricbuildings,butalsopublicspaces.Preservationofthisheritage-anditsurbanandarchitecturalvalues-mustbesafeguarded,thecharterstates,bothforitsimpactonthequalityoflifeofurbanpopulations,andforitsroleasasoftlocationalfactorinattractingknowledge-basedindustries,qualifiedandcreativeworkforces,andtourismtolocateinparticularcitiesandtheirsurroundings.
thisadaptationandreusemanualisintendedtobuildonandaidguidanceonappropriatestrategiesfromthemacrotothemicrourbanlevel,regardingtheconservationandadaptationofplaces.
key principles of urBan reuse
Variousinternationalconventionshaveinformedandinfluencedgovernmentpolicyandlegislationforprotectingthearchitecturalheritage.thesearisefromasustainedattempttoarticulate,atinternationallevel,principlesthatwouldinformdecisionsabouthowtheculturalvalueofthebuiltenvironmentistobetreated.
emphasisonurbandesign,publicrealmrenewalandurbanconservationofplacerequiresaspecificcontextualresponsetoeachproposalandwiththatcarefulconsiderationisneededofeachproposedmoderninsertionornewuse.
themanualencouragesplanningauthoritiestoincludepoliciestopromotequalitydesignintheirdevelopmentandlocalareaplans–andtoimplementthesepoliciesthroughthedevelopmentmanagementprocess.Clearlydefineddesignpoliciesgivegreaterclarityandcertaintytodevelopersandtheirdesignteamsandprovideanagendaforpre-applicationdiscussionandthesubsequentdevelopmentmanagementprocess.
Keyprinciplesofurbandesignandconservationofplacesaresetoutwhichmightformtheframeworkforpoliciestopromotequalitydesigninbothdevelopmentandlocalareaplans.Insummarytheseare:
» tounderstandandaddresstheexistingenvironmentwhichmakesupourcities,townsandvillageswhilerespondingtothiscontextwithappropriateplanningstrategiesatamacrolevelpriortodetaileddevelopmentofproposals;
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
6
» Usingtheprinciplesofurbandesigntodevelopaninterrelationshipbetweentheopenspacesthatcomprisethepublicrealmandthebuildingsthatoccupyandshapethesespacesbywayofanurban design framework
» thecreationofsuccessfulurbanplacesisnotonlyaboutbuildings:itisjustasmuchaboutthequalityofthestreets,squares,parksandotheropenspacesthatcomprisethepublicrealmandrespondingtothisbywayofqualitative public realm strategies;
» thecontinuedcommitmenttothe‘higheststandardsintheprotection,conservation,andmaintenanceofthehistoricbuiltenvironment’assetoutintheArchitecturalHeritageProtectionGuidelinesbywayofthesympatheticconservation, adaptation and reuseofhistoricbuildings.
purpose of the adaptation and reuse Manual
thismanualisasteptowardstheexaminationofdesignprincipleswithintheplanningpolicyguidanceframeworkoutlinedunderAction21oftheGovernment Policy on Architecture2009-2015bywayofshowingaselectionofexamplesofwhathasbeenhappeninginrecentyearsinIrelandintermsofreuse,fromtheobjectivesoftownandareaplanstobuildingcasestudies.thestudyisnotintendedtobeexhaustivenorisitintendedtosaythatsolutionswhichmaysuitaparticularcaseareuniversallyapplicable,eachcaseisdifferent.theyarepresentedascontributionstothedebate,describingtheaimsandobjectivesofthepartiesinvolved.thepublicationsetsouttoinformplanning
authorities,developersanddesignersthatevidence-basedqualityprincipleswillensurethatfutureplanningofourhistoriccities,townsandvillagesisfocusedonthecreationofvibrant,qualityplaces.
Asshowcasedinthemanual,designneedstobeappliedbyskilledpractitioners.thereisnosubstituteforengagingtherightskillstoachievesuccessfuloutcomes.thedeliveryofahighqualityenvironmentrequiresfirstandforemostaclearvisionanddesignbrief,plusacommitmenttoanoverallqualityagendasharedbyplanningauthorities,developersanddesigners–bothpublicandprivate.theappointmentofahigh-quality,professionaldesignteamisakeystepinensuringsuccessfuloutcomes.Inparticular,integrateddesignteamsshouldhavetheskillsandcompetenciesappropriatetothedevelopment.
suMMary
Heritage-ledregenerationthroughreusepresentsanopportunitytoencouragetheenhancementandprotectionofboththeexistingbuiltheritageandthewiderhistoricbuildingstock.Partofthatprotectionwillencompassrenovationandrenewalinordertoaccommodatenewandcurrentuses,whichinturnshouldenhancethelongevityofthestructuresconcerned.
Inconclusion,thesustainablemanagementandconservationofIreland’sbuiltheritagecanassistinthecountry’scontinuedeconomicrecovery.Incorporatingspecificandcoherentpoliciesinthedevelopmentplanprocesscanassistinthisregard,asoutlinedinthevariouscasestudiesinthismanual.
thisgoesbeyondprotectionofanarea’sbuiltheritageorthepreservationofthecharacterofalocalityasendsinthemselves.thebuiltenvironment,includingstructuresofarchitecturalheritagemerit,hasbeenconstantlyadaptedtoaccommodatenewsocietalneedsandrequirements.thereisaneedtoproperlyintegratethisheritageintofutureplan-makingandforwardplanningstrategies.thisapproachwillsupportlocalcommunitiesintheirquestfordevelopmentandadaptation,whileretainingthequalitiesandvalueslinkedtotheirhistoryandthecollectivememoryoftheirlocality.
[2]
[1] DublinDentalHospital–adaptivereuseof18thcenturytownhouses
[2] CoppingerCourt,Cork–internalcourtyard
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—76
ConteXt
Irelandhasinheritedahistoricbuiltenvironmentofexceptionalquality–notonlytheforts,cairns,towers,monasteries,castlesandgreathousesoftherurallandscape,butalsothecivic,cultural,commercialandresidentialbuildingswhichmakeupourcities,townsandvillages.
Inanincreasinglyglobalisedworld,theimportanceof‘placemaking’andlocalidentityisnottobeunderestimated.Basedontheuniquenessofplace,theconceptoflocalidentityisunderpinnedbyanarea’stopography,geomorphologyandnaturalfeatures,togetherwithitsbuiltenvironment-bothhistoricandcontemporary-itsopenspaces,landusepatternsandspatialorganisations,visualrelationships,andvariousotherelements,bothurbanorrural.Localidentityalsoincludessocialandculturalpracticesandvalues,manyofwhichmayappearintangibleandtransientbutarenolessreal,suchassportingevents,culturalfestivalsortownandcountrymarkets.
Asignificantpartoflocalidentityistheexistenceofbuiltheritagefeatureswhichprovideacontinuingsenseofthefamiliar.theymaybefiftyyearsoldortwohundred,buthaveincommonthestateofbeingbothlocalandfamiliar.thesefeatures,bothlargeandsmall,canbeusedasfocalpointstoincrementallybuildanidentitywithinthechangedsettingofrecentdevelopment.Inaddition,astrongsenseoflocalidentityandamanifestsenseofplacewilllikelygiverisetotheambiencethatvisitorsfindattractiveandassistinexpandingthetouristbase.
Itcouldbesaidthatthecityandthetownrankamongman’smostcelebratedachievementsintheworldsofart,music,literatureand
science.InIreland,notwithstandingourdeep-rootedtraditionofdispersedsettlement,thenation’scities,townsandvillagesarethenucleiofboththeirindigenouscommunitiesandtheirlocalhinterlands.eventhemostferventchampionsofourruralheritageacknowledgethatthelikesofeyeries,Birr,Cobh,Westport,KilkennyandCorkarevitallyimportantexpressionsofourhistoryandculture,andthepromotionofthecountryasadestinationforinwardinvestmentand,notleast,tourism.However,thefutureofIreland’shistoricurbanplacescannotbetakenforgrantedwithoutconcertedactionbyallstakeholders–includinggovernment,localauthorities,propertyowners,businessinterestsandcommunitygroups.
securingthesustainablefutureofthesenationalassets-physical,socialandenvironmental-istodayattheheartofpolicyonthebuiltenvironment.sincepublicationoftheNational Spatial Strategyin2002,policies,strategiesandplansatnational,regionalandlocallevelhavefocusedonimperativestorenew,consolidateandstrengthenthenation’scities,townsandvillages–includingobjectivestokeepthemphysicallycompactandcontained.Also,promotingtheirvitalityandviabilityisfirmlyestablishedasakeycomponentinthetaskofdeliveringsustainabledevelopment,economiccompetitiveness,efficientinfrastructureandenvironmentalprotection.
theGovernment Policy on Architecture2009-15isanopportunereiterationoftheimperativetofocusforwardplanningontheneedtointegrateurbanandlandscapedesign,urbanandbuildingconservationandarchitecturalqualityinthecreationofsustainable
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
8
ConteXt
communitiesandahighqualitybuiltenvironment.thepolicyhighlightstheimportanceoflocationalcriteriaand‘place-making’–placeswiththeirowndistinctqualityandcharacter–ateverylevelintheplanninganddevelopmentmanagementprocess.
Whilethestatutorydevelopmentplanwillcontainoverarchingobjectivesfortheconservationofprotectedstructuresandthepreservationofthecharacterofplacesofspecialinterest,itisofteninlocalareaplans,ornon-statutoryframeworkstrategiesandmasterplans–thatlocalauthoritiessetouttheirkeyvisionsandmoredetailedpoliciesfordeliveringtheobjectivesofhigherlevelplans–includingthoseforthemanagementofchangeinurbanenvironmentsof‘architectural,historic,social,archaeological,socialandotherinterest’.
thecasestudiesfeaturedinthissectiondemonstrateaspectsofplan-makingatthelevelofhistoriccitycentres–The Cork Historic Centre Action PlanandThe Kilkenny Local Area Plan–andatthelevelofanurbanneighbourhood–The Liberties Local Area Plan.theyeachreflectaspectsofbestpracticeinformulatinganoverarchingvisionfortheirrespectivearea,andidentificationofthestrategiesandactionsrequiredtoaddressthedualchallengesofbalancingdevelopmentobjectiveswithheritageprotectioninthedeliveryofhighqualitybuiltenvironmentsandsustainablecommunitiesinhistoricurbanplaces.
Akeylessonisthateachincorporatedtheinputofkeystakeholders–electedmembers,localofficials,serviceproviders,statutorybodies,businessinterestsandcommunitygroups.Also,insteadofbeingmerelywrittenstatements,theysetout
keyplanningobjectivesingraphicformat,including–forexample–guidanceonthedesignofstreets,publicspacesandbuiltform,plusprioritiesfordensityanduses,andtheimportanceofarchitecturalqualityintheintegrationofnewdevelopmentintohistoricurbanenvironments.
secondly,theyhaveeachbeenpreparedbyintegratedandmulti-disciplinaryteams-theappointmentofahighqualityprojectteamisakeystepinensuringsuccessfuloutcomes.Dependingonthescaleandcomplexityofthelocalareaplan,frameworkormasterplan,theprojectteamwillcomprisearangeofprofessionalinputs-includingplanners,architects,engineers,architecturalconservationofficersandlandscape,traffic,archaeology,ecologyandconservationconsultants.
Finally,whilepredatingtheadoptionofthe2009Government Policy on Architecture,theyeachreflectoneofthepolicy’sspecificobjectives:tohavequality-ledprovisionsincorporatedintobothstatutoryandnon-statutoryplansgeneratedbyplanningauthorities,includingobjectivestopromotehighstandardsofarchitectureandurbandesign–theobjectivebeingtoensurethatnewdevelopmentinurbanareasmeetsnationalpolicyobjectivesforthepursuitofqualitydesignandconstruction,andthepromotionofasustainablebuiltenvironment.
[2]
[1] CorkHistoricCentreActionPlan–detailplan
[2] LibertiesLocalAreaPlan–streetview.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—98
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
10
ConteXt
Contextcork historic centre action plan
project teaM:CoRKCoRPoRAtIonAnDURBAnInItIAtIVes
client:CoRKCItYCoUnCIL
date:1994
context
thehistoriccentreofCorkcitycontainsoneoftherichestconcentrationsofbuiltheritageinIreland.effectivelyanislanddevelopmentintheLee,thehistoryofthemedievalcitycanstillbereadinitsurbanplan,builtformandinitsarchitecturalcharacter.Ithasretainedmanyofitshistorictownhouses,somefinemunicipalarchitectureandmanyofthewarehouseswhichsupportedthecity’seconomyintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies.Also,withfewexceptions,ithasretaineditsmedium-riseskylineanditsfine-grainurbanstructure.
challenge
Intheearly‘nineties,thehistoriccentreencapsulatedmanyoftheproblemsfacingcitieseverywhere–bothinIrelandandabroad:increasedtendenciesforretailing,commercialandotherdevelopmenttorelocateoutofthecentre,leavingderelictionandblightbehind.similarly,withpeoplemovingtohousinginthesuburbs,theindigenouscommunitiesinthecentrewereindecline,insomecasesleavingonlythepooranddisadvantagedbehind.
theseconditionssetthecitycouncilthechallengeofdefininganewvisionforthehistoriccentre,andthetaskofrevivingitssocialandeconomicvitality,reversingthedeclinewhichhadleftmuchofitshistoricfabricinaprecariousstateofpreservation.
The Cork Historic Area Action Plan set out a vision for regeneration of the city’s historic centre, addressing issues around restoring the area’s economic and commercial vitality, and reversing the decline which had affected the city’s medieval core for generations – putting much of its historic built environment in a precarious state of preservation.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—1110
solution
CommissionedbyCorkCityCouncil,andadoptedasanon-statutorydocumentin1994,theCork Historic Centre Action PlanwasfundedwitheUassistanceundertheConservation of European Cities Programme.theplansoughttoaddressthechallengesfacingthemedievalcoreinanintegratedmanner:notonlybyformulatingaclearvisionforitsfuturerolewithinthemainstreamofCork’ssocialandeconomiclife,butalsobydevelopinginnovativemulti-facetedstategiestoenabletheareatoreachitsfullpotential-socially,economicallyandenvironmentally-andtherebybecomingamoreattractiveplaceforresidents,visitorsandinvestorsalike.
theplanpaidparticularemphasisistotheimportanceofahighqualityphysicalenvironment,basedontheacceptedrealitythatresidentsareunlikelytobeattractedbacktothecitycentreifitoffersapoorqualitypublicrealm.Ifitistobesuccessful,theplanstated,citylivingneedshighqualitystreetsandpublicspaces,coupledwithexemplararymanagementandimprovedsafetyandsecurity.thereforethedevelopmentofapublicrealmstrategywasprioritised-todeliverthehighquality‘european-style’livingenvironmentenvisagedfortheareatosucceedasasustainablecityneighbourhood.
Itrecognisedthatregenerationcouldnotbeimplementedbythepublicsectoralone,andthatamarket-ledapproachwouldbeunlikelytodeliverresultswithoutdevelopmentincentives.theplanthereforeproposedalternativepartnershipmechanismsbetweenthepublicandprivatesectorstopump-primeregenerationprojects-bothtoaccesseUstructuralfundsandtoavailofthedevelopmenttaxincentivesexistingatthattime.Italsousedthelimitedpublicfundsavailabletodeliverkey
demonstrationprojects,therebycreatingtheconditionsnecessarytoattractprivateinvestmentintothearea.
emphasisingthatmixed-useandhigherdensitydevelopmentsupportspeoplelivingclosertotheservicesrequiredforeverydaylife,theplancontainedarangeofstrategiestomakeefficientuseofthelargetractsofvacantlandwithintheurbanfabric.However,italsocontainedclearguidancetoensurethatnewdevelopmentwascompatiblewiththefinegrainurbanstructureoftheareaanditstronglypromotedreuseofthearea’shistoricbuildingstock-particularlyaddressingthechallengeofreversingthechronicunderutilisationofvacantupper-levelfloorspaceinthestudyarea.
theplanalsohighlightedtheneedtopromoteanewattitudetowardsconservationofthearea’sarchitecturalheritage–notonlyforitsownsake,butalsotogivethemedievalcoreanewidentityandtogeneratethesenseofplacewhichwouldbecriticaltothesuccessofthecitycouncil’sregenerationpolicies.tothisend,anumberofdemonstration
[1]
[4]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
12
ConteXt
projectswereproposed,includingconversionofvacantwarehousespaces,adaptationofupperfloorstoresidentialapartments,plussomekeylandmarkprojectsinvolvingtheconservationandreuseofsignificanthistoricbuildingswithinthestudyarea.
Finally,theactionplanrecognisedtheimportanceofamovementframeworkwhichwouldaddressproblemsrelatedtotheadverseenvironmentalimpactsoftraffic-bothwithinthestudyareaandinthecitycentregenerally.Acknowledgingthatregenerationofthehistoriccorewasdependentonabroaderurbantrafficplan,itneverthelessproposedanumberoflocaltrafficcalmingmeasuresandassociatedimprovementstothepedestrianenvironment.
lessons
Adoptedin1994,theCork Historic Centre Action Planwasaheadofitstimeinaddressingthechallengesfacingthemedievalcore,andindefiningavisiontoaddressthetaskofreversingthedeclinewhichhadeffectedtheareafordecades.Itskeylessonistheneedforanintegratedapproachtoregeneration:involvingallstakeholdersininnovativedevelopmentprocesses;combiningheritageconservationwithsensitiveadaptationofhistoricbuildings;promotingsympatheticcontemporarydesign,infillmixed-usedevelopments;bringingresidentiallifebackbymakinguseofvacantupperfloors;andimplementingenvironmentalimprovementstoimprovethequalityofthepublicrealm.Afurtherimportantlessonisthatmanyoftheplan’skeyrecommendationshavebeensuccessfullydelivered.
The Historic Centre Action Plan set out a vision to restore the social vitality and economic vibrancy of the medieval core.
[1] Interiorofst.Peter’sChurchconvertedtotheCorkVisionCentre
[2] new‘link’staircaseinChristchurchconvertedtotriskelArtsCentre
[3] st.Peter’sChurch–frontelevation
[4] Backlandinfillhousing,northMainst.
[5] ‘Livingovertheshop’inadaptivereuseproject,northMainst.
[2] [3]
[5]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—1312
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
14
ConteXt
Contextkilkenny local area plan
project teaM:o’MAHonYPIKe
client:KILKennYBoRoUGHCoUnCIL
date:2004
context
Kilkennycityisdesignatedahubinthe2002National Spatial Strategy;itisthemaincommercial,culturalandresidentialcentreforalargeruralhinterland.Itisalsosynonymouswithheritage;itsprincipalmonuments–thecastle,cathedralandtownhall-anditshistoricfabricandmedievalstreetscapeareuniqueintheIrishcontext.thecityhasavibrantculturalandartisticcommunity,addingtoitsattractivenessasaplacetoliveandwork,andalsoasatouristdestinationforvisitors–bothIrishandinternational.
challenge
the2002Kilkenny City and Environs Development Plan recognisedthatwhilethelargepopulationincreaseenvisagedforthedecadesaheadwouldtakeplaceoutsidethehistoriccity’slimits,thisgrowthwouldneverthelessincreasethedemandforservicesandfacilitieswithinthecitycentre,andthecitywouldneedtoprepareforthesechallengesbypreparinganintegratedstrategyfortheurbancore;onewhichwouldstrikeabalancebetweenaccommodatingthequantumofdevelopmentexpectedandprotectingitsuniquehistoricheritage,whilealsoretainingthevitalityandambiencerequiredtoprovideahighqualityoflifeforitsresidents.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—1514
solution
toaddressthevariouschallengesfacingthecity,KilkennyBoroughCouncilcommissionedastatutorylocalareaplanasthevehicletoprovideaframeworkthatwouldensurethecontinuedvitalityandviabilityofthehistoriccityaccommodatingproposednewdevelopmentwithin,ratherthanoutside,theinnercore,andillustratehowthiscouldbeachievedwithoutnegativeimpactsonthehistoricurbanenvironment–byincludinglanduseandurbandesignframeworksforkeysitesasspecificobjectiveswithinthestatutoryplans.
Adoptedbytheelectedmembersin2005,theLAPconcentratedonanumberofkeythemesincluding,interalia:trafficmanagementinitiativestoimprovevehicularandpedestrianlinkages;preparingland-useandurbandesignframeworksforkeysites;protectingthearchitecturalandarchaeologicalheritage;improvingthequalityofthecorearearetailoffer;enhancingthequalityofthecity’spublicrealmwithanetworkofqualityopenspaces.
Whiletheplanhaddueregardfortheneedsoftrafficforaccessandservicing,itemphasisedthatvehicularmovementmustbeaccommodatedinamannercompatiblewithimprovingthecity’sconnectivityandaccessibilityforall;thehistoriccentre
containsKilkenny’scoreretailareaanditsprincipaltouristtrails,anditmustthereforebebothattractive,safeandconvenientforpedestriansbothableanddisabledandcyclists.
AvitalelementoftheplanwasthearticulationofpoliciestointegrateurbanextensionsandinterventionsintheexistingfabricwithprotectionoftheintegrityofKilkenny’shistoriccore-intermsofuseandbuiltform,plusimprovingthevitalityandviabilityofexistingstreetsandsquareswithappropriatenewuses–particularlyretailandresidentialdevelopment,plusaquantumofleisureusessuchascafés,pubsandrestaurants.
Urbandesignpoliciesaimedatimprovingthecity’spublicrealmwerebasedonanumberofkeyprinciples:pedestrianroutesshouldprovidedirectandconvenientlinkagesbetweentheplaceswherepeoplewanttogo;theyshouldbecomfortable,withfootwayswhicharesafe,well-litandfreeofobstructions;theyshouldbeattractivewithqualitylandscapingandplanting;theyshouldbelegibleandeasytofollowwithexplanatoryanddirectionalsignagealongkeyroutes.
AkeyobjectiveintheplanwasthereinstatmentoftheCastleParadeasamajorcivicamenityspaceforthecity.theParadeprovidesthemainapproachtoKilkennyCastleandisthecity’slargest,mostprominentopenspace.Ithadbecomesomethingofaneyesore,especiallyduetothelargevolumesofcoachandvisitorparkingitcontained.Accordingly,aninternationalarchitecturalcompetitionwasorganisedtosecureaco-ordinateddesignapproachtotheimprovementandre-organisationofthespaceasamajoramenityandcivicspaceforthecity.theParadewas
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
16
ConteXt
successfullycompletedandhaswonprestigiousawardsforitsdesigners-GKMParchitects.
lessons
theKilkenny Local Area Planwasundertakentoaddressthechallengesandopportunitiespresentedbythepopulationgrowthandscaleofdevelopmentanticipatedforthedecadesahead,andtheneedforKilkennyBoroughCounciltoformulateacomprehensivevisiontoguidethisdevelopmentinamannerwhichwouldbothprotectandenhancethevitalityandvibrancyofthecitycentrewithasustainablemixoflandusesandurbandesignpolicieswhichwouldprovideforthegrowthanticipated,whilesafeguardingtheuniqueheritageofthecity.
AnimportantlessonfromtheLAPistheimportanceofsettingoutkeydevelopmentobjectivesforspecifickeysiteswithintheplanarea,andillustratingthesewithurbandesignframeworksindicatingkeyprinciplessuchastheusesproposed,andtheform,scale,heightanddensityofdevelopmentenvisagedforeach.InthespecificcaseoftheParade,theobjectivesintheLAPformedthedesignbriefforthearchitecturalcompetition-objectiveswhichweresubstantiallydeliveredinthecompletedscheme.
[1] ViewoftheremodelledParade–resultofinternationalarchitecturecompetitioninresponsetoaspecificobjectiveintheLAP
[2] RotheHouse–amedievaltownhouserestoredasmajortouristdestinationforthecity
3] MarketCrossshoppingCentre–useofbacklandsiteforinfillretaildevelopment
[1]
[2]
The Kikenny Local Area Plan sought to achieve a balance between preserving its architectural and archaeological heritage, while ensuring the city’s continued vitality and viability as a place to live, work and visit.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—1716
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
18
ConteXt
Contextthe liBerties local area plan
project teaM:JoHntHoMPson&PARtneRs
client:DUBLInCItYCoUnCIL
date:2009
context
theLibertiesisoneofDublincity’smostrecognisableurbanneighbourhoods-onewithitsowncharacterandidentity,andastrongindigenouscommunity.theLibertieshasarichconcentrationofbuiltheritage-fromthereligiousinstitutionsofthemedievalera,throughthebreweryanddistillerybuildingsofthenineteenthcentury,uptothephilanthropichousingdevelopmentsofthetwentiethcentury.
the2000transformationofthelandmarkMarketstreetstorehouseintotheGuinnessstorehouseexperience,anddesignationoftheareaashometotheDigitalHub,weresignificantvotesofconfidenceintheLiberties’potentialtobecomeanexciting,attractiveandliveablecityquarter.
challenge
Likemanyinner-cityareas,theLibertiesexperiencedsignificantchangeinthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.thedeclineoftraditionalmanufacturingindustrieschangeditsfortunes,resultinginhighvacancyrates,derelictionandblight,andwithitknock-oneffectsonthearea’seconomyandsocialstructure,whichinturnimpactednegativelyonitsreputationandimage.Inaddition,thelargenumbersofspeculativeapartmentsintheareawereoftenofpoorqualityandinappropriatetotheircontext.
Asaresult,oneofthekeychallengesidentifiedintheLAPpublicconsultationprocesswashowtostrikeabalancebetweenpreservingwhatisvaluableandcherished,usingtheheritageoftheareaasapositiveasset,whilepromotingthetypeandquantumofdevelopmentthatwouldenabletheLibertiestoachieveitspotentialasanattractiveanddynamiccityquarter.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—1918
solution
the2009Liberties Local Area PlansetsoutavisiontoguidetheregenerationoftheLibertiesasathrivingcityquarterandhometoastronginclusivecommunity-withhighqualityhomes,schools,communityandsocialinfrastructure,andstreets,squaresandparksofferinganexcellentqualityoflifeforvisitorsandresidentsalike.
the2009LAPsoughttodefinetheframeworktoachievethesocial,economicandphysicalregenerationofoneofDublin’smostidentifiablecityquarters.ItaimedtodefinethestrategiesrequiredtoachievethesegoalsbyestablishingacoordinatedapproachbasedontheSix ThemesidentifiedbyDublinCityCouncilasintegraltothefuturedevelopmentofthecity:economic,social,cultural,form,movementandsustainability.
WithintheLibertiesthereareanumberofdistinctcharacterareas.theplanidentifieddevelopmentopportunitieswithineach,alongwithkeyurbandesignobjectivestoguidethedesignofnewbuildingsandspaces-includingsmallerinfillsitesandpossibilitiesfortheadaptivereuseofthehistoricbuildingstock.Itsoughttoensurethatthecharacteroftheareawouldbeenhancedbycontemporaryandhighqualitydesigninnewdevelopment–therebycreatingthelegacyofthefuture,whileenhancingtheheritageofoneoftheoldestpartsofDublin.
Inparticular,theplansoughttoensurethatnewbuildingswouldrespecttheirsurroundings,particularlyanyimpactonimportantheritagebuildings,spaces,landmarksandviews.Itallowedforlimitednewtallbuildingsonlywherethesewouldcontributetothecreationof
adistinctiveskylinethat,ontheonehand,wouldrespectexistingviewsandlandmarksand,ontheother,signifythelocationofimportantcivicspacesandactivities.
Inrelationtoheritage,theLAPsetoutavisionoftheLibertiesasaplacewherehistoricbuildingswouldbeprotectedandconserved,notonlyforthemselves,butalsofortheirpotentialtocontributetomakingtheareaagreatplacetolive,workandvisit.Recognisingthatmuchhadalreadybeenlostorcompromisedbyinappropriatedevelopment,oneoftheplan’soverarchingobjectiveswasaproposalforthecreationofanarchitecturalconservationarea.
theLibertiesisseriouslydeficientinopenspaceprovision,andthepublicrealmisnotofthequalityonewouldexpectinthevicinityofIreland’smostvisitedtouristattraction–theGuinnessstorehouse.theplanemphasisedtheimportanceofitspublicrealmstrategy,andproposalstocreateahierarchyofspacesthatwouldreinforcethearea’ssenseofplaceandidentity,andbeattractive,multi-functional,safe,welcomingandaccessibleforresidents,visitors,workersandtouristsalike.
Finally,publicconsultationwasamajorcomponentindraftingtheplan.theprocesscommencedwiththelaunchoftheLiberties Regeneration Project,whichwasattendedbyrepresentativesofresidentsassociations,businessinterests,serviceprovidersandcommunitygroups.AkeyoutcomeoftheconsultationprocesswastheestablishmentoftheLibertiesPublicForumwhichreceivedregularpresentationsonthedraftsoftheplanastheydevelopedthroughouttheLAPprocess–therebyensuringthesuccessfuladoptionoftheplanbytheelectedmembers.
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
20
ConteXt
lessons
theLiberties Local Area PlanwasadoptedbyDublinCityCouncilinMay2009.Itsetoutavisiontoachievethesocial,economicandphysicalregenerationofthearea,andtore-shapetheLibertiesasanattractiveandliveablecityquarter,whichwouldcontributetoeconomicprosperity-atthelocal,cityandnationallevel.theplanrecognisedthespecialcharacteroftheLiberties,andsoughttostrikeanappropriatebalancebetweenprotectionofitsdistinctcharacterandheritage,andprovidingforthequantumandformofdevelopmentrequiredtosecuretheLiberties’regenerationasasustainableurbanneighbourhood.Preparationoftheplaninvolvedtheintegrationofmanydifferentinputswithinthecitycouncilandthecommunity.ensuringthatalltherelevantstakeholderswereinvolvedattherighttimewasakeyingredientinsecuringthesuccessfuladoptionoftheplan.
[1] ‘Livingovertheshop’adaptivereuseofFrancisst.commercialpremises
[2] LibertiesLocalAreaPlan–mapofLAPstudyarea
[3] ConversionofformerindustrialbuildingstomodernofficeusefortheDigitalHub
[4] Integrationofcontemporarydevelopmentintohistoricsettings
[2] [3]
[4]
The LAP was based on developing a coordinated approach based on the City Council’s Six Themes: economic, social, cultural, form, movement and sustainability.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—2120
URBAnstRUCtURe
Urbandesignhasbeendescribedastheartofgivingformtotheinterrelationshipbetweenthebuildingsandtheopenspacesthatmakeupurbanplaces.However,atamoredetailedlevel,itistheurbanstructure–theinterplaybetweenstreetsandsquares,solidandvoid,blocksandbuildings,routesanddestinations–thatmostdefinestheformandshapeofcities,townsandvillages,andthustheircharacterandquality.
the1987ICoMosCharter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas(theWashingtonCharter)wasdraftedspecificallytoaddressthefactthathistoricurbanplaceswerebeing‘threatened,physicallydegraded,damagedorevendestroyedbytheimpactofurbandevelopment’.Itrecommendsthattheconservationofhistoric
urbanenvironmentsshouldbeanintegralpartofurbanandregionalplanning-andofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentpolicies.Amongthequalitiesspecificallylistedforprotectioninthecharterare‘urbanpatternsasdefinedbylotsandstreets’and‘therelationshipsbetweenbuildingsandopenspaces’–i.e.theurbanstructureofhistoriccities,townsandvillages.
Inthehistoryofurbanism,theurbanstructureofcities,townsandvillageshasbeenshapedbytwobasictypologies-thestreetandthesquare.InIreland,whetherintheorganicinformalityofplaceswithearlyoriginslikeKells,AthenryorVikingDublin,orintherationallayoutsofplannedsettlementssuchasPortarlington,MitchelstownorGeorgianLimerick,thehistoricpatternsofstreetsandsquaresstillformthebackbone
oftheirurbanstructure:streetsprovidetheconnectionsbetweendestinations,bothlocallyandfurtherafield;squaresaccommodatethecivicandsocialeventsthataretheheartofpubliclife;andtheconfigurationofindividualplotsestablishesthescaleandformofthebuildingsthatgiveeachplaceitsownuniquecharacterandidentity.
throughmuchofthelastcentury,thevalidityofthesetypologieswaschallengedastownplanningsoughtalternativestotheunhealthyandovercrowdedconditionsofnineteenthcenturyindustrialisedcities.However,atleastsincethe1961publicationofJaneJacobs’Death and Life of Great American Cities,therehasbeenarenewedengagementwiththevalueofstreetsandsquaresintheshapingofurbanplaces.Herbookhasbecomealandmarkwhoseinfluenceendurestothisday:bothforaddressingtheissuescausingdegenerationinurbanplaces,andforitsprescriptionoftheremediesrequiredtoreversethedecline–diversity,mixeduses,smallblocks,agedbuildingsandconcentrationofpeople.shedevotesanentirechaptertothesubjectofurbanstructure-‘theneedforsmallBlocks’,inwhichshemakesthecasethatsmallblocksandfrequentintersections,i.e.apermeableurbanstructure,areessentialtothevitalityandvibrancyofurbanneighbourhoods.
smallblocksandthe‘fine-grain’urbanstructuretheygenerate,arearguablyalsothemostefficientuseofurbanland,andthebestbalancebetweendensity,daylightandmicroclimate.Whiletherearenofixedrulesontheidealdimensionsforstreetsandblocks,thescaleofgridandbuiltformtypicalofhistoricurbanareashasproventobecapableofgeneratingthedevelopment
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
22
URBAnstRUCtURe
densitiesandtheconcentrationsofpeoplerequiredtosupporttheirvitalityandvibrancy.Inaddition,theaverageheight-to-widthratiosfoundintheseplacescreatefavourablemicroclimateconditions–i.e.anoptimumcompromisebetweendaylight,solargainandshelterfromprevailingwinds,therebyenhancingthecomfortandattractivenessoftheurbanenvironment.
Intermsofadaptabilityandflexibility,cognisanceshouldbetakenofthesequentialapproachforhistoriccentressetoutintheRetail Planning Guidelines(Departmentoftheenvironment,CommunityandLocalGovernment,2012).smallerblocksandafine-grainstructurecanaccommodatearangeofbuildingtypologies.Whereappropriateintermsofstimulatingtheoverallregenerationofanhistoricurbanarea,sympatheticnewinterventionsmightconsistofoneormoreofthefollowing:individuallargebuildingssuchasofficeorshoppingdevelopments,perhapswithaninternalatrium;perimeterhousingaroundacentralcourtyardgarden;orasensitiveamalgamationofindividualnarrow-frontageplots.Also,small-blockscanbesubdividedintoevensmallerunitswithintersectingpedestrianpassages;ortheycanbeleftvacantasgardensorpublicspaces.Incertaincircumstances,
individualblocksmightevenbeamalgamatedtoprovideforlargerunitsofaccommodation,whichmightotherwisenotbecapableofbeinglocatedinahistoricurbanarea.
Urbanstructurealsodeterminesthemovementframeworkofplaces,andthereforetheiraccessibilityandconnectivity–thosethatareeasytogettoandtomoveaboutaremorecompetitive,moreattractiveandmoresustainable.Governmentpolicysupportsdevelopmentthatisfocusedonlocationsthatareaccessiblebysustainabletravelmodes-publictransport,walkingandcycling.thecontinuedgrowthofprivatemotoringisunsustainableonaccountofitsnegativeimpactsintermsoftrafficcongestion,airpollutionandenvironmentalquality.However,theeconomicdeliveryofqualitypublictransportandinfrastructuredemandscertainthresholdsofdensityandconcentration.Compact,dense,mixed-useandwalkableneighbourhoodswithafine-grainurbanstructurearenowconsideredtobethebasicbuildingblocksinthedesignofsustainableurbancommunities.
thecasestudyprojects–Dublin’stempleBar,sligo’sCourthouseBlockandWestportPlan2000–illustrateapproachestoenhancingtheurbanstructuresoftheirhistoric
locations,largelybasedonthedesignprinciplesoutlined:increasingdensityanddiversityofuses;improvingpedestrianpermeabilityandconnectivity;andexploitingthepotentialofunder-utilisedbacklandsites-andoldbuildingsinparticular.theydemonstratethepotentialofwelldesignedregenerationprojectstodelivergainsatmanylevels:efficientuseoflandandinfrastructure;greatervibrancyinlocaleconomies;betterqualityservicesandamenities;adaptationofexistingbuildingsandstructures;andahigherqualityofpublicrealm.
ManyofIreland’scities,townsandvillagescontainsimilarcentrally-locatedlandswithpotentialtocontributetothesustainableregenerationoftheirlocations.theRetail Planning Guidelinespointoutthatadaptationandreuseofhistoricbuildings–bywayofappropriateinterventions-stimulatingtheoverallregenerationofanhistoricurbanarea,ispreferabletoallowingsuchstructurestofallintodisusewhiledevelopmentisrelocatedtoedge-of-centreorout-of-townlocations.thesequentialapproachsetoutintheRetail Planning Guidelines–andintheaccompanyingRetail Design Manual-recommendsthatplanningauthoritiesshouldbepro-activeinidentifyingpotentialopportunitysiteswhichareconsideredappropriateforfutureretaildevelopmentinstatutorydevelopmentplans,localareaplans,andothernon-statutoryframeworks,strategiesandmasterplans.
[1] operaLane,Cork–mixedusepedestrianstreetconnectingPatrickst.toCrawfordGalleryandoperaHouse
[2] templeBarFrameworkPlan–architect’ssketchindicatingpedestrianpermeabilityandlinkstohinterland
[2]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—2322
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
24
URBAnstRUCtURe
Urban Structuresligo courthouse Block urBan design fraMeWork plan
project teaM:nAtIonALBUILDInGAGenCY,sLIGoBoRoUGHCoUnCIL,sLIGoCoUntYCoUnCIL
client:sLIGoBoRoUGHCoUnCIL
date:2005
context
sligowasdesignatedasaGatewayinthe2002National Spatial StrategyandtheSligo and Environs Development Plan 2004-2010identifiedtwoarchitecturalconservationareasrelatingtothecourthouseblock.oneofthese-theCourthouseBlock–wasthesubjectofanurbandesignframeworktoguideitsfuturedevelopment.Comprisingnarrowfrontageterracedbuildingsofvariouswidthsandheights–mostlytwoandthreestorey–theblock’scentrepieceisthefinecourthouse,recentlymodernisedtoprovidecontemporaryfacilitiesandtoconserveitsfineVictorianarchitecture.
challenge
Inthepastdecades,thecourthouseblockcameundersignificantpressuresfromnewdevelopment,thescale,densityandqualityofwhichwasquestionableintermsofconservationofthehistoriccharacterofthearea.Alsomuchofthedevelopmentthathadtakenplacewasundertakenlargelyonanincrementalbasis,withoutanyoverallplanningcontext-includingthealmalgamationofplots-therebyputtingpressuresonthevitalityoftheblockitselfandthesurroundingarea.Inaddition,pedestrianamenityinthevicinityhasbeenimpairedbythesignificanttrafficvolumesonthestreetssurroundingthecourthouseblock.
notwithstandingsligo’sdesignationasaGatewayinthe2002National Spatial Strategy,andtheexistenceofanumberofpriorplans–Sligo Integrated Area Plan(1998),Sligo IAP Urban Framework Plan (2000)andthe Sligo and Environs Development Plan(2004)–in2005itwasfeltnecessarytoprepareafurtherframeworktoprovideguidelinestobalancethedevelopmentpressuresexistingatthattimewiththeoverarchingobjectivetoprotectthearchitecturalheritageofthearea.
The framework focused on a number of core urban design principles, including intensification of the urban structure by increasing pedestrian permeability through the block.
[1] Architect’ssketchshowingintensificationofuseandimprovedpedestrianpermeabilitythroughtheCourthouseBlock
[1]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—2524
solution
theCourthouse Block Urban Design Framework PlanwascommissionedfromthenationalBuildingAgencyin2005toprovideanurbandesignframeworktoguidethefuturedevelopmentofthearea.Itfocusedontheelaborationofanumberofcoreprinciples:conservingthearchitecturalandhistoriccharacter;retainingtheblock’sperimeterbuildings;establishingabuildingheightstrategy;creatingpedestrianpermeabilitythroughtheblock;improvingvehicularaccessandparking;mitigatingagainstplot
amalgamation;protectingexistingresidentialamenities.Undertheheadingsofthesecoreprincilpes,theframeworksetoutarangeofdetaileddesignguidelinesforitsimplementation.theplan’sprovisionshavebeenlargelyincorporatedintothe2010-16DevelopmentPlan.
theplansetouttosuggestaperformancebasisforthefuturedevelopmentoftheblock,ratherthantomandateparticulardesignsolutions.neverthelessitsetoutsomeexplicitrequirementsandpresumptionstobetakeninto
considerationinthedevelopmentmanagementprocessforindividualprojectswithintheplanarea.
Intermsoftheoverallurbanstructureofthecourthouseblock,theframeworkrecognisedprotectionofthecharacterofthehistoricstreetscapeasanintegralpartofitspoliciestoconservethearchitecturalandhistoriccharacterofthestudyarea.Retentionofthecontinuityoftheblock’sperimeterbuildingfrontageswasanoverridingobjective–especiallythoselistedasprotectedstructuresinthestatutorydevelopmentplan.
Whiletheplansoughttofacilitatebacklanddevelopmentwithintheblock,itsoughttorestrictplotamalgamationintheinterestsofmantainingtheoverallcharacterofthearea–particularlyintermsofmantainingactivestreetfrontagesalongtheprincipalroutesandstreets.Wherepermitted,amalgamationwasgenerallyrestrictedtotheblockinterior–toprotecttheurbangrainandsafeguardtheresidentialamenityofthearea.
theframeworksetoutrestrictionsonparkingandvehicularingressandegressintotheinterioroftheblock–toprotectthecharacterofthestreetscapeandtofacilitatefurtherpedestrianisationofstreetswithinandaroundthestudyarea.Wherepermitted,thewidthsofvehicularentranceswererequiredtobeminimisedtoreducetheirvisualimpact,andonnoconditionweretheytobepermittedthroughprotectedstructuresunlessbywayofanexistingopeningorarchwayinthefacade.
Illustrativedevelopmentoptionsintheplansoughttoimprovetheurbangrainbypromotingopening-
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
26
URBAnstRUCtURe
upoftheblockinteriorwithaseriesofstrategicallylocatedpassages;therebyexploitingbacklandsitesforinfillmixed-usedevelopmentandmakingtheblockmorepermeablebygeneratingpedestrianfootfallalonganetworkofroutesandcourtyards-ofvariousshapesandsizes-traversingtheblockfromnorthtosouthandfromeasttowest.
lessons
theCourthouse Block Urban Design Framework Plancontainskeydevelopmentprinciplesforthefuturedevelopmentoftheblock,plusanumberofschematicinterpretationsoftheprinciples.Mostofthesehaverelevancetosimilarurbanblocksthroughoutthecountry.Itsoughttobalancethevariousopportunitiesandconstraintsfacingmosthistoriccitiesandtowncentres-architecturalconservation,buildingheight,pedestrainpermeability,vehicularaccess,carparking,plotamalgamationandamenityprotection.
Preparedin2005,theplanisanintegralpartofthe2010-16 Sligo and Environs Development Plan.Whilelittleofitsrecommendationshavebeenimplementedonaccountoftheeconomicdownturn,itsrelevanceenduresasaninstructiveexampleofbestpracticeinseekingtofacilitatethedevelopmentandrenewalrequiredtosupportsligo’soverallvitalityandvibrancy,whileconservingtheessentialcharacterandqualityofitshistoricurbancentre,andintensifyingtheurbanstructuretonewtown-centreresidentialandmixed-usedevelopment.
[1] theplansoughttorestrictplotamalgamationintheinterestofretainingtheoverallcharacterofthearea
[2] theframeworkplanrecognisedthatprotectionoftheexistingstreetscapewasanintegralpartofitspoliciestoconservethearchitecturalandhistoriccharacterofthearea
[3] PlanofCourthouseBlockindicatingproposednewinterventionsintotheurbanblock
[2]
[3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—2726
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
28
URBAnstRUCtURe
Urban StructureteMple Bar fraMeWork plan
project teaM:GRoUP91ARCHIteCts
client:teMPLeBARPRoPeRtIes
date:1991
context
onthesouthbankoftheLiffey,templeBaroccupiesacentralpositioninDublin’surbancore.DerivingitsnamefromsirWilliamtemple,theprovostoftrinityCollegewhohadhishouseandgardensthereintheseventeenthcentury,theareafeaturesinhistorymainlyasthe1742locationforthefirstperformanceofHandel’sMessiahinFishamblestreet,andlaterasthevenueforthe1791firstmeetingofthesocietyoftheUnitedIrishmenineustacestreet.Itsufferedsomedeclineduringthenineteenthcentury,butitwasstillathrivingdistrictpriortothecombinedimpactoftwounrelatedbutneverthelesslinkedmid-twentiethcenturydevelopmentswhichseemedtospellitsdeathforever:constructionofthehighlyunsympatheticCentralBankheadquartersandtheplantolocateamajortransportationcentreinthemiddlleofthearea.
challenge
Despitethedeclineandderelictioncausedbythetwinproposalsforatransportinterchangeandnewbankheadquarters–coupledwithresultantdeteriorationofthethearea’sseventeenthandeighteenthcenturyheritageoftownhousesandpublicbuildings–CIe’sfortuitousdecisiontoleasepremisesdesignatedfordemolitiontocreativestart-upindustriesunwittinglycreateda‘leftbank’ambience;thesegeneratedaburgeoningculturalsectorthateventuallygeneratedsufficientpublicopiniontosecuretempleBar’sdesignationasDublin’sculturalquarterduringthecity’stermaseuropeanCityofCulturein1991,withtheexpressedchallengeto‘securetheregenerationoftheareaasavibrantculturalquarterwithamixofuses,ahighqualitypublicrealmandastrongresidentalpopulation’.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—2928
[3]
solution
thegovernmentdecisiontodesignatetempleBarasDublin’sculturalquarterledtothesettingupofapublically-owneddevelopmentcompany–templeBarProperties–todelivertheregenerationprogrammeenvisaged.theprojectwasinstigatedwithanarchitecturalcompetitiontodesignaframeworkplantosteerthefuturedevelopmentandrevivaloftheareainaccordancewiththe‘european’urbandesignprinciplesbeingrealisedatthattimeincitiessuchasBerlin,BarcelonaandGlasgow(thescottish/Irish,butBarcelona-based,architectDavidMackeywasthe‘distinguishednon-irish’memberofthecompetitionjury).
theframeworkplancompetitionwaswonbyGroup91,acollectiveofindigenousandemergingarchitecturalpractices–someofwhichhavegoneontobecomerecognisedinternationalfiguresinarchitecture.AkeyfeatureofthewinningdesignwasitsambitiontointegratecontemporaryarchitecturewiththehistoricurbanenvironmentoftempleBar,inwaysthatwouldbesensitivetothepredominantlyeighteenthcenturyvernacularandthehistoricalandsocialcharacterofthearea.Radicallyatatimeofinternalisedshoppingmalls,theplanproposedaseriesofnewexternalroutesandpublicspaces,andsmallscaleinterventionsfocusedonreinforcingthecharacterofthearea,whileconservingasmuchofthehistoricfabricaspossible.
theregenerationwastobedeliveredbyharnessingpublicandprivatesectorfinancetospearheaddeliveryofthetheproject.takingadvantageoftheavailabilityofbotheuropeanstructuralfundsandlocaltaxreliefregimes,theoverallframework
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
30
URBAnstRUCtURe
includedculturalinfrastructureprojectssuchasachildren’stheatre,amusicvenueandaphotographiccentre,andprivatedevelopmentssuchasrestaurants,shops,apartmentsanda–withhindsightunsustainable–quantumof‘eveningeconomy’usesi.e.pubs.
theframeworkplanstressedtheneedtoincreasetheresidentialpopulationofthearea,proposingacommunityof3,000citizenslivinginthecity.thesewereprovidedinanumberofground-breakingprojectswhichincludedmixed-useliving-over-the-shopdevelopments,adaptivereuseofhistoricbuildingsandastate-of-the-artlow-energyapartmentscheme.Asubsequentsecondphase–theWestend–extendedtempleBarProperties’explorationofthepossibilitiestopromotehighqualityapartmentlivinginthecity.
Whilethetheplaneschewedanyoverarchingor‘masterplan’approach,itdidmakeaseriesofinterventionsintotheurbanstructureandpublicrealm–aseriesofpedestrianroutesandopenspacesalignedalongtheprincipalaxestraversingthearea–north/southandeast/west–andlinkingintoexistingstreetsandroutesoutsidetheplanarea.Improvedpermeabilitywasaguidingprinciple;backlandlanesandcourtyardswereopeneduptocreatenewfrontagesandsmallpublic–orsemi-public–spaceswhichwereenvisagedasstimulatingstreetactivityandanoverall‘left-bank’ambience.
theTemple Bar Framework Plansetabenchmarkfortheprotectionandconservationofmanyofthearea’shistoricbuildings,incorporatingtheircreativeadaptationandreuse;whetherintheconversionofotherwiseredundantwarehousestructurestonewuses–theGranary,
mixed-useapartmentandcommercialscheme–thePrintworks‘livingovertheshop’development–oritsnumerousandsometimesuniqueculturalinstitutions–suchastheArkChildrens’theatre(theIrishFilmCentrefeaturedinthispublicationwasdevelopedbytempleBarProperties,butundertakenoutsidetheparametersoftheframeworkplan).
lessons
templeBarisfirmlyestablishedasaninternationallandmarkofplan-ledurbanregeneration.theformationofaspecially-constituteddevelopmentauthority,andthecombinationofpublicandprivatefunding–includingeUsupportandlocaltaxreliefs-ensuredthattheprojectdeliveredmany,ifnotall,ofitsstrategicobjectives.Despitecriticisms,mostlyarisingfromtheoverwhelmingsuccessofthearea’stax-incentivised‘eveningeconomy’,theareaenduresasamajortouristandleisuredestination–evenifnottheculturalquarterenvisagedin1991.
Architecturally,theTemple Bar Framework Planisrecognisedforitssuccessfulexecutionofanumberofverifiableandevidence-baseddesignprinciples:integratingcontemporaryarchitecureintoahistoricurbanenvironment;combiningcontemporaryinterventionswithconservationoftheinheritedbuiltfabric;creatingatemplateforhigh-densitymixed-useurbanneighbourhoods;anddemonstratingstrategiestoenhancetheurbanstructureandpublicrealmoftheplace.thequalityofthestreetsandsquares-andhowtheyareusedandconnected–werekeyobjectivesintheregenerationofthearea.
Temple Bar has become a benchmark, both nationally and internationally, of urban regeneration, transforming an area earmarked for comprehensive development into a highly popular ‘urban village’ combining culture, retail, residential and leisure uses.
[1] Cow’sLane–newpedestrianisedstreetimprovingthepermeabilityofthetempleBarWestend
[2] Curvedstreet–anewcutthroughpedestrianroutetointensifytheurbangrainandimprovethepedestrianpermeabilityofthearea
[3] Planofcentralareashowingnewinterventionsintothehistoricurbanfabric
[4] thePrintworks,eastessexst–award-winningmixeduse‘livingovertheshop’developmentconservingandadaptingexistingcommercialpremises
[2]
[4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—3130
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
32
URBAnstRUCtURe
Urban StructureWestport plan 2000, an integrated action plan for Westport
project teaMMItCHeLL+AssoCIAtes
MUIRAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
JIMCoADYAnDAssoCIAtesURBAnDesIGneRs
DR.BRIAnMeeHAnPLAnnInGConsULtAnt
clientWestPoRtURBAnDIstRICtCoUnCIL
date1997
context
theWestportPlan2000containedastrongconservationpolicysettingoutground-rulestopreservetheessentialqualitiesofWestportasoneofIreland’smostimportantplannedtowns;itencouragedconservationandsensitiverenovationofthetown’sexistingfabric,alongwithobjectivestoensurethatthedesignandscaleofnewdevelopmentwasappropriatetothecharacter,scale,materialsandarchitectureofthetown.
WestportisoneofthefewplannedtownsinIreland,thethirdlargestinCo.Mayo.thetownisofhighvisualandamenityvalue,withfinestreets,spacesandbuildingsofarchitecturalvalue.Westporthasavariedeconomy–itprovidesservicesandamenitiesforawideruralhinterland,itishometoanumberofhigh-techandpharmacuticalcompanies,andithasavibranttouristeconomy.Duringthe1990s,thetownexperiencedunprecedenteddevelopmentpressures–resultinginanincreaseintheresidentialpopulationfrom4,000to6,000.
challenge
Recognisingthepressuresgeneratedbythedemographicandeconomicexpansionofthetownduringthe‘nineties,WestporttownCouncilcommissionedtheintegratedactionplantoaddressgrowingpublicconcernaroundtheimpactsofthisgrowth,andinparticulartoaddresstwokeychallengesfacingthetown:regulatingthetown’sphysicalexpansionintoitsruralhinterland;andaddressingtheimpactofplannedfuturedevelopmentonthetown’shistoriccore.
theactionplanalsosoughttoaddressthefactthaturbandesignguidancewhichwasconsideredtoodetailedforformaladoptionintheDevelopmentPlancouldbepublishedasnon-statutoryguidancetoinformthedevelopmentmanagementprocess.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—3332
solution
theWestport Integrated Action Plan 2000setoutkeypolicies,objectivesanddetailedguidancetoensurethatthegrowthprojectedforthedecadesaheadwascoordinatedinaplan-ledstrategyandthatthefuturedevelopmentofthetown’sprincipalcentralareauses–retail,commercial,tourismandresidential–wasaccommodatedinamannerthatwouldmaintaintheintegrityandcharacterofWestport’sheritage,protectthetown’sarchitecturalqualityandsenseofplace,andstrengthentheseparationbetweenthehistoriccoreanditsruralhinterland.
Policiesforconsolidationoftheurbancoreintheplansoughttodeliverabalancebetweencommercial,tourism,retailandresidentialuses.Itemphasisedtheimportanceofa
significantresidentialpopulationinimprovingboththeurbanenvironmentandthevitalityofthetown–particularlyforfamilyandtourismneeds–anditidentifiedopportunitysitesforsmallinfillschemesandmajordevelopmentswithinthetownlimits.
Proposedimprovementstothetown’spublicrealmsoughttocreateanecklaceofopenspacesandroutes,eachwithitsownidentityandcharacter,butlinkedtogethertoprovideahighqualitypedestrianenvironment,andtoprovideaplatformforimprovingWestportasatouristdestination.theproposedlinkagesandurbanspacesweretoaccommodateamixtureofhighqualityretail,commercial,tourismandresidentialuses.
theplancontainedastrongconservationpolicysettingoutground-rulestopreservetheessentialqualitiesofWestportasoneofIreland’smostimportantplanned
[1] [2]
[4]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
34
URBAnstRUCtURe
towns;itproposedthatthehistoriceighteenthcenturycoreshouldbedesignatedasaconservationareaandgivenspecialprotectionasanurbandesign‘setpiece’.stricttermsofreferenceweresetoutfornewdevelopment.theplanencouragedconservationandsensitiverenovationofthetown’sexistingfabric,alongwithobjectivestoensurethatthedesignandscaleofnewdevelopmentwasappropriatetothecharacter,scale,materialsandarchitectureofthetown.
theplansoughttoindentifykeydevelopmentprojectsrequiredforthetowntoreachitsfullpotential,andproduceaprocurementstrategywhichwoulddelivertheseinaplan-ledcontextbywayofaseriesofdetailedactionplans.thesecoveredkeyareasofgrowthenvisagedforfuturedecadesincludingtourism,retailing,residential,industrialandcommercialdevelopment.significantly,theplansoughttoaccommodatethisdevelopmentinbacklandsitesbetweenthemainstreets,combiningthedevelopmentoftheseunder-usedparcelsoflandwithproposalstoimprovepedestrianpermeabiliythroughthetown,andprovideout-of-sightcarparkingforthecorearea.
Whileconstrainedbythrough-trafficandcongestionduringtheprimetouristseason-aby-passwasalongstandinghighlevelplanningobjective-theplanneverthelesscontainedsignificanttrafficcalmingmeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalimpactsoftraffic.Itcontaineddetailedproposalsforgreeningandrepavingthetown’sprincipalstreets:footpathwidthswereincreased,withtreesononeorbothsides,andnewpavingandstreetfurniturewereproposed.Aquantumofon-streetparkingwas
maintainedandadditionalparkingwasaccommodatedinbacklandsareasaspartofthedevelopmentproposalsforthesesites.
Animportantelementinthedeliveryoftheplanwasthatitwasdevelopedwiththeinputofallstakeholders.Anextensivepublicconsultationprocesswasundertakenintandemwithaseriesofdetailedbriefingmeetingsbetweentheplanteamandtheappointedsteeringcommittee.Itwasfinallypresented,andadopted,bythetowncouncilinDecember1997.
lessons
theWestport 2000planwasavisionarydocumentandaheadofitstime.Itprovidedaplan-ledstrategy,andacontextualframeworkforthetown’sfuturedevelopment,backedupbydetailedurbandesignguidance.Itidentifiedspecificprojectsaimedattheexpansionofthetown’scommercial,tourist,industrialandresidentialbase,whileconservingitsheritagebothintermsofitsurbanstructureanditshistoricarchitecture.WhileWestportisphysicallyconstrainedbyitstopography,theplansoughttoensurethattheurbancorewascontained,andphysicallyandvisuallyseparatedfromthetown’sruralhinterland.today,Westportdemonstratesthevalueofaplan-ledapproach,combinedwithpro-activeengagementbetweenallstakeholders–localauthority,business,heritage,tourismandcommunitygroups.
[1] trafficcalming,environmentalimprovementsandlandscapingtoBridgest.retainedaquantumofon-streetparking
[2] newmixeduseresidentialandcommercialpedestrianrouteconnectingBridgest.tobacklandcarparkingarea
[3] Infill‘livingovertheshop’mixedusedevelopmentretainingtheexistingstreetscapewithnewresidentialcourtyardtotherear
[4] townplanshowingtheurbanstructureofWestport
[3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—3534
PUBLICReALM
thecreationofsuccessfulurbanplacesisnotonlyaboutbuildings:itisjustasmuchaboutthequalityofthestreets,squares,parksandotheropenspacesthatcomprisethepublicrealmoftheplace.thesearethe‘livingrooms’oftheircommunities,andtheirdesign,managementandusearejustasimportanttotheirsuccessaseveryotheraspectoftheirplanning,designanddevelopment.
todayitisuniversallyacceptedthatawell-designed,well-managedandwell-usedpublicrealmisessentialtothevitalityandvibrancyofurbanplaces.Cities,townsandvillageswithhighqualitystreets,squares,parks,gardens,lanesandpassagesaremoreattractiveasplacestolive,workandvisit,andasdestinationsforresidential,commercial,industrialandculturalinvestment,includingtourism.
the2007Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European CitiesarticulatestheeuropeanUnion’srecognitionoftheimportanceahighqualitypublicrealm,notonlyforitspositiveimpactonthequalityoflife
ofurbanpopulations,butalsoforitsroleasa‘softlocationalfactor’inattractingknowledge-basedindustries,creativeworkforces,andtourismtolocateinparticularplaces.theseconclusionsconcurwithkeyfindingsfromtheUKUrbantaskForce’sresearchinHolland,swedenandDenmark.Its1999finalreportTowards an Urban Renaissanceconcludedthat‘well-designedurbandistrictsandneighbourhoodssucceedbecausetheyrecognisetheprimaryimportanceofthepublicrealm;theshapeofpublicspacesandhowtheylinktogetherisessentialtothecohesionofurbanneighbourhoodsandcommunities’.
similarly,the2006InstituteofPublicHealthreportHealth Impacts of the Built Environmentconcludedthattheattractivenessandsafetyofaneighbourhood’spublicrealmisafactorindeterminingthequalityofpeople’sphysical,mentalandsocialhealth.Placeswithpoorqualityandbadlymaintainedopenspacesdiscouragewalking,cyclingandoutdooractivitiesgenerally;whereas
thosethatareattractive,safeandencouragepeopletogoabouttheirdailyactivitiesonfootorbybicycle–andwithouttheuseofacar–arelikelytogeneratehigherlevelsofphysicalexercise,plusgreatersocialinteraction.
thisconcurswithresearchovermanyyearsbytheDanishurbanistJanGehlontheimpactpublicrealmqualityhasonlevelsof‘socialcapital’foundinurbanplaces,andontheextenttowhichthequalityanduseofopenspacesareinterrelated.InLife Between Buildings: using public space(4thenglishedition,2004)hedocumentedhisfindingsonhowpeopleusespaces,thetypeofactivitiesthattakeplaceinthem,andthedurationoftheseactivities.Hisconclusionsindicatethatonlyessentialactivitiesoccurinpoorqualityspaces,butthatawiderrangeofactivitiestakeplaceinwell-designedones,andthatpeoplespendlongerinthem–thuscontributingtotheirattractivenessandsafetyandwithittheirperformanceasretail,commercial,leisureandculturaldestinations.
similarly,numerousauthortitieson‘place-branding’makethecasethatpublicrealmqualitycanbeoneoftheuniquesellingpointsintheeffortsofplacestoattractbusinessandthetalentedworkforcesrequiredtocompeteintoday’sglobalmarkets:perceptionsofconfidencetolive,workandinvestinanareaareenhancedbythequalityofpublicrealm-plustheinfrastructureandservices-itoffers.ontheotherhand,alowqualitypublicrealm-combinedwithpoormanagementofthephysicalenvironmentgenerally-isoneofthemaincausesofthedeclineofurbancentres,andoneof
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
36
PUBLICReALM
thegreatestthreatstotheirsurvivalinthefaceofcompetitionfromedge-of-centreandout-of-townlocations.
therefore,sustainable‘place-making’-i.e.themakingofplaceswiththeirownspecificcharacterandquality-isanunderlyingthemewithintheGovernment Policy on Architecture2009-15.Inthecontextofarchitecturalheritageprotection,thisemphasisonlocationalcriteriaandthebuildinginitscontextcorrespondswiththeunderstandingfirstarticulatedinthe1960s,andsubsequentlyinalloftheprincipalinternationalchartersandconventions,thattheconceptofahistoricmonumentembracesnotjusttheindividualwork,butalsothesettinginwhichitsits.the1979ICoMosBurraCharterdefines‘placesofculturalsignificance’toinclude‘site,area,land,landscape,building….groupofbuildingsorotherworks’.theGranadaConventionsimilarlyextendsthedefinitionofarchitecturalheritagetogroupsofbuildings-urbanandrural-andsiteswhichare,interalia,ofconspicuoushistorical,archaeological,artistic,scientific,socialortechnicalinterest.
thecasestudiesillustratedinthissection-The Abbeyleix Sustainable Communities plan, The Waterford Viking Triangle Initiative and The Dublin Public Realm Strategy-areexemplarsindifferentwaysoftherecognitionthatifcities,townsandvillagesaretoremainattractiveaslocationstolive,workandvisit-andasdestinationsforinwardinvestment-theymustfocusoncreating,maintainingandmanagingahighqualitypublicrealmwithinthecontextofintegratedurbandevelopmentpolicies.
Achievingahighqualitypublicrealmrequirestheinclusionofpublicrealmstrategiesinstatutoryandnon-statutoryplans,andahigh-levelrecognitionthatthedesignofbuildingsthatoccupyandshapethesespaces-theirform,scale,proportion,materialandexpression-andtheelementsofthefabricthatdefinetheircharacterandquality–layout,landscaping,surfaces,lighting,furnitureandpublicart-demandasmuchattentionaseveryotherelementoftheplan.strategiesshouldemphasisetheroleofthepublicrealmwithintheoverallvisionandobjectivesfortheplanarea-everythingfromlargeurbanspacestothesmallerlessformalplaceswhichmakecitiesandtownsattractiveandcompetitive.
[1] theKillorglinAreaActionPlancontainedspecificproposalstoimprovethepublicrealmofthetowncentre
[2] Remodellingofeyresquare,Galwayasahighquality,europeanstylecivicspace
[2]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—3736
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
38
PUBLICReALM
Public RealmduBlin puBlic realM strategy
project teaM:DUBLInCItYCoUnCIL
client:DUBLInCItYCoUnCIL
date:2011
context
theDublin City Development Plan 2011-17setsoutanoverarchingvisionforthenation’scapitalasasustainable,dynamicandcompactcity;onewithadistinctcharacter,avibrantculture,andadiverseinnovation-basedeconomy.theDevelopmentPlanrecognisestherichnessofDublin’surbanfabric,andparticularlytheimportanceofitspublicrealm-streets,squares,parksandotheropenspaces-totheidentityandsenseofplacewhichcharacterisesthecityinternationally.
theDevelopmentPlanidentifiessixthemeswhichprovidetheframeworkforthecity’sfuturedevelopment:economic,social,cultural,form,movementandsustainability.Underthefourthofthese–form–theplancontainsaspecificobjectivetoproduceapublicrealmstrategytoguidethefuturedevelopmentofthecity’spublicspaces.
challenge
Likemanycities,Dublinfacesmanychallengesinproviding–andmaintaining–ahighqualitypublicrealm.thepublicrealmstrategyarisesoutofagrowingawarenessthatthecity’spublicspaces–particularlyinthesecondtier–aresomewhatlackinginquality,andnotreachingtheirpotentialoverall.thereasonsidentifiedarevariedandinclude:under-investmentintheprovisionandmantainenceofthecity’spublicspaces;poorrecognitionoftheroleofthepublicrealmasanassetwithitsownintrinsicvalue;afailuretomonitortheimpactsofindividualdevelopmentsonthequalityofthepubilcrealmintheirvicinity.
Your City Your Space sets out to provide an agreed vision for the public realm; one that is based on a clear vision of the city’s future development, and bought into by all who design, build, manage and use the city’s open spaces.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—3938
solution
Dublin’spublicrealmstrategyYour City Your Spacesetsouttoprovideanagreedvisionforthepublicrealm;onethatisinspiredbyDublin’shistoriccontextandheritage;thatisbasedonaclearvisionofthecity’sfuturedevelopment;andthatisboughtintobythediverserangeofstakeholderswhodesign,build,manageandusethecity’sopenspaces.WhileDublinCityCouncilhasidentifiedsolutionstothechallengesthecityfaces,italsorecognisesthataclearandcoherentpublicrealmstrategyrequirescollectiveandconsideredagreementonwhatisneededandhowitcanbedelivered.
thestrategybuildsonrecentdocumentssuchasLegible Dublin (2005), Historic Street Surfaces of Dublin (2009), Draft Outdoor Advertising Strategy (2011), The Dublin Streets Project (2012),plusnumerousstatutorylocalareaplansandnon-statutoryframeworkswhich
haveallsoughtinvariouswaystofocusattentiononaspectsofthecity’spublicrealm.However,Your City Your Spaceaspirestobeaunifyinginitiative,providinganumbrellaforthecitycouncil’soverarchingpublicrealmfocus-makingDublincityabetterplacetolive,work,investandvisit.
Your City, Your Space setsoutanactionplanforthedeliveryofanenhancedpublicrealm,includingstandardsforthedesignandmanagementofitsstreets,squares,parksandotheropenspaces.Asafirststep,itincludesanactionplanandworkprogrammefortheimplementationofthefirstphaseofitsproposals.thesearesetoutundertheumbrellaofanumberofguidingprinciplesandalistoffifteenactions–orpilotprojects–whichthecitycouncilseekstodeliveracrossarangeofactivityareas,andwithinatwo-yearfirstphaseofitsimplementationprogramme.
Derivedfromtheoverallvisionsetout,theprinciplesareintendedtoguidespecificresponsestothepublicrealmchallengesthecitycouncilhasidentifed–notonlyindesign,butalsohowthecity’sstreetsandopenspacesareused,managedandmaintained.Initiallyitisintendedthatthestrategywillapplyonlytothehistoric,culturalandcommercialcore;however,itisintendedthatitwillbeupdatedovertimetoapplytothewholeofthecitycouncil’sadministrativearea.thepilotprojectsarealsointendedtoprovidefeedbackandexperiencetoinformfuturereviewsofthestrategy.
Itisintendedthatthestrategywillbetheblueprinttoguidetheworkofthecity’snewlyformedPublicRealmCoordinationGroup,setuptointegratetheworkofthevariouscitycouncildepartmentsresponsiblefordeliveringandmanagingthepublicrealm.ItisalsointendedtoprovidetheframeworkforDublinCityCouncilliaisonwithotherpublicagencies,privatedevelopersandthecity’scitizens.
thepublicrealmstrategyrecognisesthevalueofthecity’shistoryandheritageasuniqueassets,notleastinmarketingDublinasadestinationforforwardinwardinvestment,andattractingthetalentedhumancapitalneededtodrivetheeconomy.Itreinforcesanumberofearlierstudiesaimedatprotectingthecity’sheritageandparticularlyitshistoricstreetlandscapes.However,italsoseekstoensurethathistoricDublindoesnotbecomean‘museumpiece’.Rather,thehistoricurbanfabricrequiressensitiveandwell-designedmoderndevelopment-projectsthatreflectthebestofcontemporarydesignwhilehavingrespectfortheirhistoricsurroundings,andinsodoing,
[2][1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
40
PUBLICReALM
balancingthedesignofindividualbuildingswiththeurbansettingsthatcomprisethepublicrealm.
lessons
Your City, Your SpaceisanimportantpolicystatementbyDublinCityCounciloftheimportantrolethepublicrealmplaysincontributingtothecity’sattractivenessandcompetitivenessasaplacetolive,work,shoporvisit.
thestrategyseekstoestablishagreementamongthediversestakeholderswithaninterestinDublin’sfuture:acrossalldepartmentsofthecitycouncil,andamongthevariousexternalagencies,propertyowners,developers,businessesandthegeneralpublic.Itemphasisestheimportanceofacollectivevisiontoaddressthechallengeofdeliveringahighqualitypublicrealm,theneedforbuy-inbyalltodeliveracoherentsetofactionsandpilotprojectswithinafixedlifespan.
[1] thePublicRealmstrategyrecognisestheimportanceofthecity’sarchitecturalheritagetoDublin’sfuture–converted18thcenturytownhouse,Aungierst.
[2] Contemporaryretaildevelopmentintegratedintothehistoricurbanenvironment–Maryst.
[3] o’Connellst.–thePublicRealmstrategyrecognisesthatthecity’sstreetsandsquares,andotheropenspacesarecentraltodefiningthesenseofplacewithwhichDublinisidentifiedinternationally
[4] PlanofthestudyareainDublincitycentre
[3] [4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—4140
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
42
PUBLICReALM
Public RealmWaterford Viking triangle initiatiVe
project teaMLoCUMConsULtInG/CoLLIeRsInteRnAtIonAL
clientFAILteIReLAnD,WAteRFoRDCItYCoUnCIL
date2011
context
WaterfordissaidtobeIreland’soldestcity,withahistorythatcanbetracedbacktothearrivaloftheVikingsin914.originallya‘longport’,thesafeharbourtheestuaryprovidedfortheinvaders’characteristicshipsdevelopedovertimeintoanimportanttradingpost,andlaterintooneofIreland’sprincipalports.
thecityisuniqueinIrelandfortheextentofitssurvivingdefensivewallsandtowers–atotalofsixmedievaltowersandextensivelengthsofthecitywallssurvive.
challenge
typicalofhistoricportcitieseverywhere,Waterfordfacesthechallengeofsecuringitssustainablefutureasthedeclineofitsportfunctionsdeprivesthecityofitsprincipaleconomicbase,therebyleavingitsprincipalphysicalasset–theriveranditsquays–withouttheircenturies-oldtraditionalvitalityandviability.
Atthesametime,theurbanstructureandtheport’smedievalhinterlandhasimposedconstraintsonfloorplatesizesandthescaleofmoderndevelopmentachievableinthehistoriccore,therebyaddingtotheexodusofretailandcommercialactivityfromthehistoriccentreandalegacyofdecline,vacancyanddereliction.
theseandotherchallenges–notleasttheclosureoftheiconicWaterfordCrystalmanufacturingplant–werethecatalystforthecitytoreinventitselfasa‘GatewayCity’withinthecontextofthe2002National Spatial Strategy-bothastheeconomicdriverofthesouth-eastregionandasanexemplarofbalancedspatialdevelopment.
The Viking Triangle is a multi-layered and multi-discipline initiative; comprising conservation, regeneration and tourism development initiatives to create a new identity for the city of Waterford.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—4342
solution
theWaterford City Development Plan2007-13setsoutavisionforthefuturedevelopmentofthecityasaseriesofinterrelatedandoverlappingquarters–bothspatiallyandfunctionally.similarly,proposalsintheWaterford Gateway Innovation Fund Bid - whichwassetupundertheumbrellaofthenss-includetwolandmarkandlinkedprojectsforthehistoriccentre–aniconicpedestrianbridgelinkingbothsidesofthesuir,andtheVikingtriangle‘culturalandheritagequarter’.
theVikingtriangleInitiativeisamulti-layeredandmulti-disciplinedconservation,regenerationandtourismdevelopmentinitiative.Itseekstoexploitthecoincidencethat,withintheVikingtriangle,thereexistsacollectionofbuildingsalignedinchronologicalorderoveraspanof1,000years.theinitiativeaimstore-orderthesecultural
assetsinsuchawaythattakesadvantageoftheircapacitytocreateanewculturalidentityforthecity,byreinforcingexistinguses,andgeneratingnewcultural,artisticandcommunityopportunities.
thestatedvisionfortheareaistocreateadistinctiveculturalandheritagedistrictforWaterfordcitycentre:onethatwillcreateavibrantexperiencethatwillbothattractmorevisitorstothehistoriccore,whilealsoattractinglocalsbackintothecentre.Asacatalystforregenerationgenerally,theVikingtriangleinitiativealsosetsoutto‘makeastep-changeintheoveralleconomicperformanceofthecity’.
ImprovingthequalityoftheVikingtriangle’spublicrealmiscentraltotheinitiative’scoreobjectives.theprojectspecificallyseekstopromoteasenseofneighbourhoodandplace,usinggooddesignandthecreativeuseofpublicspacesfor
streettheatreandmarkets,andmorespecificallybycreatinganoasisofcalmbyimprovingpublicaccesstotheruinsofthemedievalFranciscanfriary.otherproposedimprovementsincludereinforcingthemedievalurbangrain,conservingthearea’shistoricmonuments,creatingnewroutesandenhancingexistingones;improvingexistingopenspaces;implementingacoordinatedstrategyforimprovedlighting,accessibility,signage,streetfurniture,publicartandplanting.theplan’ssocialobjectivesareprimarilyfocusedonpromotingincreasedresidentialoccupancy–especiallyforfamilies,theartisticcommunityandvisitors.Commercialaimsincludedevelopingtherangeofitscommercialoffering,includingafarmers’market,craftindustries,restaurantsandcoffeeshops.
theprojectisintendedtobeavehicletobringaboutinitiativestoconserveandconsolidatethehistoricurbanfabricinadramatic
[1] [2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
44
PUBLICReALM
andinnovativemanner;theobjectivebeingtoutilisethearea’sheritagetomaximumadvantageinkick-startingregenerationofthemedievalcoreoverallwhich,inturn,isenvisionedaspump-primingrenewalofthecitycentregenerallyasanauthentictourismattraction-of‘internationalstanding’–andwithsufficientcriticalmasstobecomeadriverfortourisminthesouth-eastregion.
Insummary,thenatureoftheVikingtriangleprojectimpliesthatitisongoingandevolving.Itisthereforenotarigidplan,butaflexible,adaptableapproachthatcanbecarriedforwardintothefuture.However,todelivertheplan’svision,anumberofkeystepswereoutlined:publicinterventions(makingspatialimprovements);privateinterventions(attractingdistinctivebusinesses);andpublic/privateinitiatives(improvement,developmentandmanagement).Behindthese,anumberofpriorityactionswereidentifiedtohelpdeveloptheVikingtriangleinto‘afirst-classdestination’.theseweretargetedfordeliveryinthreephases:1sthalfof2011;2ndhalfof2011;longerterm.
lessons
theVikingtriangleisanimportantcasestudyinillustratingthecrucialimportanceofcreatingacoherentnarrativefortheplace–theinitiativewasenvisagedasboththecatalyst
andacoreelementofthecity’sregenerationplans–tore-brandWaterfordasavibrantandhighqualitycitycentredestination,onethatwouldbeattractivetoresidents,visitorsandbusinessesalike.
theprojectalsoshowsthatthephysicalconservationofabuildingisnotsufficientandisonlythestartoftheprocess.Buildingswillonlysurviveintothefutureiftheycanadapt,andtheapproachhereistomaketheexteriorconservationparamount,butwithsomeinteriorflexibilitythatensureseconomicviabilityofunitsthatarenolongerusefulinthetwenty-firstcentury.
thecityisalivingorganismthatrequiresactivedecision-making,directionandcatalystbythelocalauthoritytogetherwithbuy-inbytheprivatesector.Differentdeliverymechanismsrequiretobeused,notallprojectscanrelyonimmediate
capitalinvestmentandsoslower,lesscostlysolutionssuchasskilldevelopmentandback-to-workschemestoimprovestockcanbeveryappropriate.Constantvigilanceisrequiredtomaintainrigourofdesignstandards.
ItisrecognisedthatinacitythesizeofWaterford,theconcentrationofassetsinthecitycentreisvital.InthisregardtherelocationofWaterfordCrystalalongsidetheVikingtriangleasanattractorcannotbeunderestimated.
[1] ViewoftheBishop’sPalace-theVikingtriangleinitiativecontainsambitiousproposalstoconservethecity’sheritageofhistoricarchitectureandpublicspaces
[2] ImprovingthepublicrealmiscentraltoWaterford’seffortstoreinventitselfasa‘GatewayCity’andtheeconomicdriverofthesouth-eastregion.
[3] WaterfordisuniqueinIrelandfortheextentofitssurvivingmedievalwallsandtowers;theVikingtriangleInitiativeseekstoutilisethisheritagetocreateanidentityfortheVikingtriangleasthecity’s‘culturalquarter’
[4] PlanshowingtheVikingtriangleareaofWaterford
[4]
[3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—4544
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
46
PUBLICReALM
Public RealmaBBeyleix sustainaBle coMMunities plan
project teaM:LoCIURBAnDesIGn,PLAnnInGAnDARCHIteCtURe
AItURBAnIsMAnDLAnDsCAPe
DeBLACAM&MeAGHeRARCHIteCts
client:LAoIsCoUntYCoUnCIL
ABBeYLeIXBUsInessAnDCoMMUnItYDeVeLoPMentFoRUM
DePARtMentoFARts,HeRItAGeAnDtHeGAeLtACHt
date:2009
context
originatingwiththetwelfth-centurybuildingofaCistercianabbey,theAbbeyleixoftodaywaslaidoutinthenineteenthcenturybytheVeseyfamilywhowereresponsibleforitsplannedlayoutanditscruciformplanemanatingfromthemarketsquare–acrescentoftownhousessurroundingtheItalianatemarkethouse,whichwasrecentlyadaptedintoapubliclibrary.
Designateda‘Heritagetown’,a2010studyresultedinmuchoftheurbancorebeingclassifiedasanarchitecturalconservationarea.Inthe2012-18Laois County Development Plan,Abbeyleixisclassedasa‘servicetown’-i.e.townsprovidingretail,residential,serviceandamenityfacilitiesforboththeirlocalcommunitiesandtheirruralhinterlands.
Best known for many years as a traffic bottleneck on the Dublin-Cork road, the town of Abbeyleix has been transformed in recent years by a series of enlightened ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ initiatives to improve the public realm of the town and its overall vitality and viability.
[1] thepublicrealmimprovementstoMarketsquarewereundertakenbytheLocalAuthoritywithsupportofthetowncommunity–carparkingwasrationalised,vehicleaccesswascontrolled,themonumentwasconservedandtheareawaslandscapedasahighqualityurbanspace
[1]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—4746
challenge
LikemanytownsinIreland,Abbeyleixisfacingsignificantchallengestoitsvitalityandviability.Ithaswitnessedsignificantdepopulationoftheurbancoreasnewdevelopmenthasmigratedtoedge-of-centreandout-of-townlocations,andtheleakageofretailspendtolargercentresisthreateningthefutureofthetowncentre’sremainingshops–athreatcompoundedbyitsproximitytotheM8Dublin–Corkmotorway.
Abbeyleixisalsochallengedbytrafficcongestion.notwithstandinganoverallreductioninvehiclenumberssincethebypassingofthetowninthe1990s-andthemorerecentconstructionoftheM8motorway-significantvolumesofheavygoodsvehiclesavoidtollsbytravellingthroughthecentre;andthelimitedcarparkingprovisionismostlyon-
streetalongMainstreet–twofactorswhichdetractsignificantlyfromtheattractivenessofAbbeyleixasaplacetolive,work,shoporvisit.
solution
DespitethechallengeswhichAbbeyleixhasfacedinthelastdecades,thetownhasretainedacoreresidentialpopulationandastrongnetworkofbusinessandcommunityorganisations:thetidytownscommitteeisparticularlyindustriousinmakingimprovementstothepublicrealm,andthebusinesscommunityisactiveinlobbyingonbehalfofthetown’sretailandcommercialinterests.
LaoisCountyCouncil’scommissioningoftheadaptationofthemarkethouseintoanew
townlibrary–andtheassociatedenvironmnetalimprovementstoitssurroundings–havebeenamajorcatalystincreatingarenewedcivicprideandsenseofplaceforAbbeyleix’stowncentre;thelibrarywonconservationawardsfromtheRoyalInstituteofArchitectsofIrelandandtheCivictrustforitsdesignersdeBlacam&MeagherArchitects.
subsequently,theAbbeyleixBusinessandCommunityDevelopmentForum–withsupportfromLaoisCountyCouncilandtheDepartmentofArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht–setaboutthepreparationofastrategicplanforthetown.seekingtomarry‘bottom-up’and‘top-downinitiatives,theAbbeyleix Sustainable Communities Plansoughttoestablishavisionforitsfuture,alongwitharangeofpoliciesandstrategiestomakethetownamoreattractiveplace.
RelyingonthevibrantcommunitystructureswhichenduredespitethemanychallengesfacingAbbeyleix,theplanaspirestopositionthetownasanexemplarofthosequalitieswhicharetodayunderstoodtounderpinsustainablecommunities:placeswherepeoplewanttoliveandwork,nowandinthefuture;thatmeetthediverseneedsofexistingandfutureresidents,aresensitivetotheirenvironment,andcontributetoahighqualityoflife;thataresafeandinclusive,wellplanned,builtandrun,andofferequalityofopportunityandgoodservicesforall.
Whilethepolicies,strategiesandguidanceintheplansetouttodeliverseveral,ifnotall,aspectsofwhatconstitutessustainablecommunities,thefinalreportfocusesonthosekeyaspectsofthephysicalenvironmentthatmostcontributetomakingplacessuccessful-astrongsenseofplace,
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
48
PUBLICReALM
ahighqualitypublicrealm,respectforthebuiltheritage,andtheavailabilityofgoodaccessandconnections.
Highlightingthescopeforimprovingthemaintenanceandpresentationofboththebuildingsandopenspaceswhichconstitutethepublicrealm,theplanemphasisestheextenttowhichAbbeyleix’sarchitecturalheritagecontributestothetown’sidentityandsenseofplace,andtheimportanceofprotectingandenhancingthisuniquenessaspartofitsdrivetorealiseitseconomicandtourismpotential.
theplansetsoutguidanceforthedeliveryofitskeyrecommendations,anditoutlinesanumberof‘priority’projectsandactions,including:restoringthe‘crescent’ofbuildingsaroundthemarketsquare;creatinga‘bookend’buildingatthenorthendofMainstreet;formingasouthern‘gateway’ontheCorkroad;andimprovingthequalityofitsopenspaces.
lessons
theSustainable Communities Planhighlightstheimportanceofasenseofplace,respectfortheenvironmentandahighqualitypublicrealminthecreationofsustainablecommunities.Italsorecognisesthevalueofheritage–bothintermsofhistoricbuildingsandpublicspaces–asaresourcetobeconserved,bothforitsownsakeandtorevitalisethetowncentreanditseconomy.
theplanhighlightstheimportanceofcoordinated‘bottom-up’and‘top-down’actionsinthedeliveryofsuccessfuloutcomes:apro-activelocalauthorityandmeaningfulcommunityengagementwereessentialelementsintheproductionoftheplan,astheyareinthecreationofsustainablecommunitiesandsustainabledevelopment.
Finally,theplandemonstratesthevalueofstrategicinfrastructureinvestment;inthiscasepublicrealmimprovementsandadaptationoftheformermarkethousewerecatalystsin‘pump-priming’widercommunityinitiativesfortheregenerationofthevitalityandviabilityofthetown,itscommunityanditslocaleconomy.
[4]
[2]
[3]
[1] Despitechallengesitfacesfromretail,commercialandresidential‘leakage’,Abbeyleixtowncentrehasretainedacoreresidentialpopulationandastrongcommunityspirit
[2] theadaptationofthemarkethouseintoanewtownlibraryandtheassociatedenvironmentalimprovementshavebeenamajorcatalystincreatingarenewedcivicprideandsenseofplaceforthetown.
[3] PlanofAbbeyleixtowncentre
[4] theplanwasdevelopedjointlybytheAbbeyleixBusinessandCommunityDevelopmentAssociationandLaoisCountyCouncil,withsupportfromtheDepartmentofArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—4948
thecasestudiesinthispublicationrespondtothestatementintheArchitectural Heritage Protection - Guidelines for Planning Authoritiesthatconservationofbuildingsandplacesdoesnotinferthattheyarefrozenintime,butthat‘thecreativechallengeistofindappropriatewaystosatisfytherequirementsofastructuretobesafe,durableandusefulontheonehand,andtoretainitscharacterandspecialinterestontheother’.
theGovernment Policy on Architecture alsoreiteratesthestate’scommitmenttothe‘higheststandardsintheprotection,conservation,andmaintenanceofthehistoricbuiltenvironment’.echoingtheArchitectural Heritage Protection Guidelines’ recognitionofthebenefitsof sympatheticconservation,adaptationandreuseofhistoricbuildings,thearchitecturepolicystressestheirvalueasaresourcetobeexploitedintheproductionofasustainablebuiltenvironment,andthat‘subjecttoretainingitsculturalvalue,thecontinuinguseoftheexistingbuildingstockshouldbeanimportantobjectiveinbothpublicandprivatelyleddevelopment’.
Changingtheuseofhistoricbuildingshasnotalwaysbeenfavouredinthehistoryofarchitecturalconservation.WilliamMorris’smanifestoofthesocietyofAncientBuildingscontainsaplea‘toresistalltamperingwitheitherthefabricorornamentofthebuildingasitstands;ifithasbecomeinconvenientforitspresentuse,raiseanotherbuildingratherthanalterorenlargetheoldone’.nevertheless,theprincipleofchangeisnowfirmlyestablishedinpolicy:the1985CouncilofeuropeConvention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe(theGranadaConvention)specifically
commitsmemberstatestofoster‘theadaptationwhereappropriateofoldbuildingsfornewuses’–subjectto‘dueregardbeinghadtothearchitecturalandhistoricalcharacteroftheheritage’.
today’stheoriesregardingprotectionofthearchitecturalheritagecouldbesaidtooriginatefromRenaissancereactionsagainstthewidespreaddemolitionofbuildingsfromantiquity,asexemplifiedbyLeonBattistaAlberti’s‘indignationwhenIseebuildingsdemolishedandgoingtoruinbythecarelessness,nottosayabominableavarice,oftheowners’.
However,currentthinkingcanbetracedbacktopositionsthatdevelopedineuropefromthemid-nineteenthcentury,andparticularlytheinfluenceoftwoparallel,butopposing,linesofthought.ontheonehand,theFrencharchitectViollet-le-Ducpromoted‘faithfulrestoration’-i.e.anidealisedreconstructiontoaconjecturaloriginalcondition,basedonhistoricalresearchandanalogy,andevenusingcontemporarymaterialsandtechniques.ontheother,thetheoryofconservationarticulatedbyWilliamMorrisandhismentorJohnRuskinadvocatedthathistoricbuildingsshouldbeconservedinsuchamannerastoreflecttheirage.Citingtheimpossibilityofreproducingtheauthenticityoftheoriginalinadifferenthistoricalcontext,Ruskinstatedthat‘itisimpossible,asimpossibleastoraisethedead,torestoreanythingthathaseverbeengreatorbeautifulinarchitecture’.
However,Ruskinmodifiedhisviewsinthe1870sacceptingthatintervention,beyondsimplemaintenance,mayberequiredwheresignificantdeteriorationorstructuralfailurehasoccurred.
IntheperiodafterthesecondWorldWar,thesephilosophieswerefurtherdiscussedasconservationtheorysoughttorespondtothechallengeofrepairingthemassivedamagetoeurope’shistoricbuildingstock.Arangeofcontrastingtheoriesemerged-notallofwhichcouldbesaidtoaccordwiththeviewsofeitherLe-DucorRuskin.sometimesdifferentmethodologieswereemployedwithinthesamecountries,andevenwithinthesamecities.
InItalyaschoolofthoughtdevelopedaroundthetheoryof‘RestauroCritico’–essentiallyacompromisebetweentheconservationandrestorationapproaches-basedonacriticalinterpretationoftheoriginalwork,creatingacleardistinctionbetweenthenewandtheold,allowingforthereversibilityofcontemporaryinterventions,andre-establishing,whatoneofitsadvocates,CesareBrandi,calledthe‘potentialonenessoftheworkwithoutcreatingahistoricalfakeoranaestheticoutrage’.Manyoftheprojectsillustratedhereareoftherestaurocriticotype,butitisrecognisedthatnotallconservationprojectsaresuitableforthisapproach.
the1964ICoMosVeniceCharterdrewontherestaurocriticoprinciplesandearlierdocuments.Distinguishingbetweenconservationandrestoration,thetextneverthelessemphasisestheirunityofpurpose:‘tosafeguard(monuments)forfuturegenerations....inthefullrichnessoftheirauthenticity…..nolessasworksofartthanashistoricalevidence’.Whilenotdefiningtheprecisedifferencesbetweenthetwoprocesses(thiswasfollowedupandaddressedintheICoMosBurraCharterof1979),thecharterdoesstresstheimportanceofrespect
ADAPtIVeReUse
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
50
ADAPtIVeReUse
for‘originalmaterialandauthenticdocuments’andexpressionofacleardistinctionbetweenthenewandtheold;restorationmuststop,thechartersays,‘atthepointwhereconjecturebegins,andinthiscasemoreoveranyextraworkwhichisindispensablemustbedistinctfromthearchitecturalcompositionandmustbearacontemporarystamp’.However,itmustberecognisedthatnotallconservationprojectsrequireinterventionsofthisnature,indeedsomeruinousmonumentsarebestleftasruins,whileinmanycasesconservationworkswillnotbecontrastiveandwillintimeweathertomatchtheoldwork.
Adecadelater,ajointUnionofInternationalArchitectsandInternationalCouncilforMonumentsandsitesseminaradoptedanumberofkeyresolutionsinrelationtoThe Integration of Modern Architecture in Old Surroundings.Itstatesthat‘allhumansettlements,iftheyaretoremainlivingentities,mustadapttochangingcircumstances’andthat‘theintroductionofnewelementsintooldsurroundingsisbothfeasibleand,totheextentthatitaffordstheopportunityofenrichingthefunctionalandaestheticcharacteroftheexistingfabric,desirable’.However,thisisonconditionthatmodernarchitectureandpresent-daytechnologymust‘respectthestructural,aesthetic,historical,andsocialqualitiesofthesurroundingsandbesensitivetothelocalvernacular’.
thisimperativetointegratecontemporaryarchitecturewithheritageprotectionisarticulatedintheGranadaConvention’srecognitionoftheimportance‘ofpromotingarchitecturalcreationasourage’scontributiontoeuropeanheritage’andtheneedtodevelopwaysinwhicharchitecturalheritage
[1]
[1] KodakHouse,Rathmines–formerphotographiclaboratoryadaptedtonewuseasheadquartersformarketingandadvertisingagency
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—5150
protection‘canbestbereconciledwiththeneedsofcontemporaryeconomic,socialandculturalactivities’.equally,theArchitectural Heritage Protection Guidelinesrecognisethattheconservationofbuildingsandplaces‘doesnotmeanthatastructureisforeverfrozenintime.Goodconservationpracticeallowsastructuretoevolveandadapttomeetchangingneedswhileretainingitsparticularsignificance’.
Whileneitherconservationnorrestorationinthestrictmeaningsofthoseterms,thecasestudyprojects
inthisvolumeillustratearangeofapproachestoexpressingnewinterventionsinacontemporaryidiom,whileprotectingthecharacterandspecialinterestoftheoriginalwork;theyaspiretocombinethenewandtheold,themodernandthehistoric,thepresentandthepastinwaysthatcreateanarchitecturewhichisricherandmoredynamicthaneitheronitsown.Yettheyretaintheessentialvaluesoftheoriginalintactfortodayandforfuturegenerations.However,itmustberecognisedthatthisisnottheonlyvalidapproachtoconservingarchitecturalheritage.
notalloftheprojectsinvolveworkstoprotectedstructures.thoseillustrateddemonstratearangeofresponsestothischallenge:theycombinethenewandtheold,themodernandthehistoric,thepresentandthepastinwaysthatcreateanarchitecturewhichisricherandmoredynamicthaneitheronitsown,yettheyretaintheessentialvaluesoftheoriginalintactforfuturegenerations.
theyare,equally,valuableexemplarsofresponsestotheGovernment Policy on Architecture’semphasisoncreatingasustainablebuilt
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
52
ADAPtIVeReUse
environment.Intoday’sbattleagainstclimatechange,theconservation,adaptationandreuseofhistoricbuildingsresonateswithimperativestoutilisetheworld’sresourcesinwaysthatareenvironmentallyresponsible.Inthisregard,theinheritedbuiltenvironmentisaphysicalresourcewhichisdepletedwheneveranotherwisesoundstructureisdemolished;whereasitssympatheticadaptationandreusenotonlyextendsitslifespanandretainsitsheritagevalues,itconservesmuchoftheembodiedenergyusedinitsoriginalconstruction.
Conservationofhistoricbuildingsthereforehasanethicaldimension,conformingasitdoestotheBrundtlandReport’sdefinitionofsustainabledevelopment:‘developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds’.theseresonancesbetweenheritageprotectionandenvironmentalsustainabilitywereanticipatedbyRuskinasearlyas1849.InThe Seven Lamps of Architecture,hestates:‘itisnotaquestionofwhetherweshouldpreservethebuildingsoftimespastornot.theyarenotours.theybelongpartlytothosewhobuiltthemandpartlytoallthegenerationsofmankindwhoaretofollowus’.
[1] theMainGuard,Clonmel–closingthevistafromthemainstreet
[2] entranceportico,theIslandCrematorium,Cork
[2]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
52—53
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
54
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive Reuseirish filM institute, teMple Bar
project teaM:o’DonneLL+tUoMeYARCHIteCts
BoYDAnDCReeDqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
FeARono’neILLRooneYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
client:tHeIRIsHFILMCentRe
date:1992
context
theIrishFilmInstitute(Phase1:1992.Phase2:2011)isareworkingandopeningupofasetofhistoricbuildingswiththeadditionoftwonewbuildings,arrangedaroundanewpublicrouteandglassroofedcentralspace.
theprojectisaconversionoftheformerquakerMeetingHouseandheadquartersineustacestreet,templeBar.
thequakershadaccumulatedaclusterofoverlappingproperties,whichtheybuiltuparoundtheseventeenth-centuryfoundationsoftheirmid-blockMeetingHouse.Itoccupiesthecentreofacityblockandhasnosignificantstreetfrontage,buthasnarrowroutesofaccessfromeustacestreet,Damestreetandsycamorestreet.
thebuildingaccommodatesallaspectsoffilmculture.Itincludesthreecinemas,thenationalfilmarchive,abookshop,restaurant,bar,classroomsandofficesforvariousorganisations.
thenineexistingquakerbuildingsonthesiteweresurveyedandafullsetofmeasureddrawingsmade.Conservation,conditionandusereportswereprepared.through
analysisbasedonthiswork,andinconsultationwiththeplanningauthority,aproposalwasmadeforselectivedemolitionsandthecarefulinsertionofnewbuildingstohousethecontemporarytwentiethcenturyartofcinemawithinthiscollectionofeighteenth,nineteenthandtwentiethcenturybuildings.theendresultisanintegratedsetofspaceswhereoldandnewaretreatedwithequalrespect.Anewroutecutsthroughthesiteconnectingeustacestreetandsycamorestreet,passingthroughtwonewpublicspaces:theinternal,glassroofedfoyerandanoutdoorspaceforsocialisingandsmokingoverlookedbythearchive,libraryandprojectionbox.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—5554
challenge
thebriefwas,tosomeextent,determinedbywhatwaspossiblewithintheexistingquakerbuildings.Itwasclearthat,withinthebudgetavailable,itwouldnotbepossibletorestoreandrepairthebuildingsfullyandprovidealltheaccommodationrequiredbytheclient.Itwasagreedtogiveprioritytopublicandtechnicalspacesforfilmandtothefoyerandentrancesequence.
solution
somepartsofthehistoricbuildingwereleftalmostuntouched,withtheadditionofbasicservicesandpaint.theiroldwallsandfloorboardsgivecharactertotheoffices.otherareasofthebuildingwererepairedorrestoredwithcare,inparticularwhereitwouldbedifficulttodoworkinthefuturewithoutdisruption,orwheretheextentofdisrepairposedarisk.
Partsoftheexistingbuildingwereideallysuitedtotheproposeduse,bothintheirgeneralcharacterandspatialquality.thetwooriginalcinemasarehousedwithinthewallsofexistingrooms,asarethebarandsomeoffices.newelementshavebeeninstalledwithintheseroomstoaccommodatethenewfunctions.
theprincipalareasofnewbuildingarethefoyer,theprojectionroomandthearchive.
Anewsteelsign-boxwithneonilluminationprojectsovertheoriginaldooroneustacestreet,indicatingtheentrancetotheFilmInstitute.Along,tunnel-likecorridorleadsfromthisentrancetothefoyer.Itslengthisilluminatedbyaladder-likeglass
floorlightinmildsteelwithneonstripsbelowthe25mmglass.Itswallsmakeagalleryforfilmpostersandreviews.
thefoyeroccupiesthecentralspace,withanewhighlevelglassroof.threesidesofthecourtyardareformedbyexistingbuildings.thefourthisanewthree-storeybuildinghousingoffices,restaurant,andinformation/boxoffice.
thematerialsinthewalls,roofandfloorofthefoyerwerechosentogivethesenseofanexternalpublicplace.thefloorislimestone,inconcentriccirclesseparatedbymildsteelbands.thenewsandandcementplasterwallsarecolouredwithnaturalochrepigment.
thelargercinemaishousedintheformermeetingroom,themostsignificantpartoftheoriginalbuilding.thisdatedfromtheearly19thcenturyandshowedevidenceofhavingbeenchangedfrequentlythroughoutthatcentury,withthewallsraised,windowsblockedupandnewonesadded.ourinterventionaddsanotherlayertothelifeofthisbuilding.
thescreenandspeakersarehousedinalargecabinet,thusbuildingnothingpermanentintothearchitectureoftheroom.the
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
56
ADAPtIVeReUse
windowsbehindremaininplace,blockedupontheoutsidetoexcludesoundandlight.thescreencabinetcouldberemovedandthewindowsreopenedinthefuture.
Anewbuildingonsycamorestreethousesthearchivalfunctions.Itismadeinsmoothredbrickwithsteelwindowsandconcreteelements.thissmallinfillbuildingistheonlypartoftheFilmCentrewhichhasapresenceonthepublicstreet.Ithasanarrowfronttosycamorestreet,anditslongsideextendsintothesite,formingonesideofanewraisedcourtyard.Adropinlevelacrossthesiteallowsthefilmstoragetobeatstreetlevel,onefloorbelowthepublicaccess,whichislevelwiththeotherpublicfacilities.
thelimestonecladprojectionboxisathighlevelbetweentheexternalwallsofthetwocinemasandthearchiveblock.theslendercolumnswhichsupportitmakeaninformalportico,withablueneonlineonthestonesoffit,connectingtheentrance
toawideflightofstepsdowntothenewpublicspaceofMeetingHousesquareandprovidingshelterforsmokersandotherssittingattheoutsidetables.
thesecondphaseworkwascompletedonasetofnewinterventionswhichprovideasmallstudiocinema,muchbiggertoilets,anupgradetothebarandanewbookandfilmshop.theseadditionsweremadeinthesamespiritastheoriginalprojectandcanbeclearlyread.theyaredesignedtoco-existwiththeoldbuildings;toaddtoandenhancebutnottochallengethem.
[1] thefoyeroccupieswhatwasanexternalyard,itisenclosedwithanewglassrooftogivethesenseofexternalpublicspace
[2] PlanoftheFilmCentreshowingtheextentoforiginalquakerMeetingHousefabricretainedandhighlightingthenewinterventionsrequiredtoadaptthebuildingtoitsnewcinemause
[3] themaincinemaishousedwithintheearlynineteenthcenturyformermeetingroom,themostimportantspaceofthequakerMeetingHouse;allnewinterventionsaredesignedtobereversible
[4] Anewroutecutsthroughthesiteconnectingeustacestreetandsycamorestreet,passingthroughtwonewpublicspaces
[3] [4]
Many parts of the historic fabric were left almost untouched, others were carefully repaired and restored, and where needed, new elements were installed to accommodate their new cinema-related functions
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—5756
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
58
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive ReuseMixed use deVelopMent, castle street, duBlin
project teaM:DeBLACAM&MeAGHeRARCHIteCts
JoHnD.sKeLLY+AssoCIAtesqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
FeARono’neILLRooneYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
R.n.MURPHY+AssoCIAtesMeCHAnICALAnDeLeCtRICALenGIneeRInG
client:GoRDonCAMPBeLL
date:1999
context
situatedoppositeChristchurchCathedralandclosetoDublinCastle,intheheartofthecity,thisprominentsiteonthecornerofCastlestreetandWerburghstreetwasoccupiedbyathreestorey,concrete-framedbuildingbuiltinthe1960s.thebuildingwasoutofcontextwithitssurroundingsinitsscale,formandmaterials.ItwassetbackfromCastlestreetandrecessedonthecornerasaresultofa,subsequentlycancelled,road-wideningproposal.theadjoiningbuildingonCastlestreetisafourstoreybrickLateGeorgiantownhouserestoredin1997bytheDublinCivictrust,whilestWerburghChurchbordersthesitetothesouth.theexistingbuilding,whilestructurallysound,wasderelict.
challenge
thechallengeofthisprojectwastotaketheexistingbuildingandintegrateitintothevaryingsurroundingcontextsofCastlestreet,WerburghstreetandChristchurchCathedral.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—5958
solution
Adecisionwastakenearlyinthedesignprocesstoretaintheexistingbuildinginthenewdevelopment.Althoughoflittlearchitecturalmerit,retainingtheexistingbuildingavoidedtheneedtorebuildoneitheroftheboundariesoftheadjoiningsites.Itwasstrippedbacktoitsconcreteframeandextendedtothesouth,eastandontop,toprovidearetailunitatgroundlevel,officesatfirstandsecondfloorlevels,andapenthouseapartmentatthirdandfourthfloorlevels.
thenewworksincludedanextensiontotheexistingbuildingtobringitouttothelineandparapetleveloftheexistingterraceofbrickbuildingsonCastlestreetandtocompletethecornerofCastlestreetandWerburghstreet.Athirdandfourthfloorwerealsoadded.therenderedfaçadeoftheexistingbuildingisretainedonWerburghstreet,whilethenewworksaremadeprimarilyinbrick.
thematerialsusedaregenerallysympathetictothesurroundingenvironment.Blackflamedgranitecladdingisusedatgroundfloorandadarkbrick,consistingmainlyofoverburnswasusedtodiffusethevolumeofthebuildingandcarrytheCastlestreetelevationaroundthecornertoWerburghstreet.theoriginalrenderbuildingwasrepaintedwithasimilarcolourtotheadjacentstWerburghChurch.
Untreatedirokowindowswereusedtosoftentheelevationwithasixmetrehighcornerwindowatthirdflooremphasisingtheprominentcorner,providingaspectforthedoubleheightlivingspacebehind,andechoingtheorielwindowoftheformertudorhouse.
thepenthousewasdesignedtohaveexternalterracestoallcornersofthebuilding,whichexploitthemanyviewsavailablefromthislocationincludingtheDublinmountainstothesouth,ChristchurchCathedraltothewestandDublinCastletotheeast.
[2][1]
[3]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
60
ADAPtIVeReUse
theplanningprocesswasquitestraightforward.thedecisiontoincludeamixtureofdifferentuseswithinthebuilding(retail,officeandresidential)wasinlinewiththezoningobjectivesoftheDevelopmentPlanandhasproventobesuccessfulinthislocation.therewasalsoaclearbenefittothecityincompletingtheconstructionofthisurbancorner,particularlygivenitsproximitytoChristchurchCathedralandDublinCastle.
lessons
theexistingbuildingonthesitewasunsightlyandoutofcontextwiththesurroundingbuildings.thetemptationmighthavebeentoremoveitanddevelopthesitefromscratch.thedecisiontoretainandreuseit,andtoallowthenewbuildingworkstoalmostcompletelytransformtheexisting(thefrontagetoWerburghstreetisnowtheonlyvisibleelementoftheexistingbuilding)isanexampleofonewaytoredevelopanunsightlyexistingbuilding,withoutgoingtotheextremeofdemolishingit.
[1] themixofusesproposedintheadaptationandreuse–retail,officesandresidential–coincidedwiththeDublinCityDevelopmentPlanzoningobjectivesforthesite
[2] thedouble-heightpenthouseapartmenthasexternalterracesonallsideswithviewsoverthecityandbeyond
[3] theexistingbuildingwasoutofcontextwithitssurroundings,intermsofitsform,scale,andmaterials
[4] thechallengeoftheprojectwastotakeanunsightly1960sstructureandadaptittointegratewithitshistoricneighbours–Castlestreet,st.Werburgh’sChurchandChristchurchCathedral
[5] theexistingconcreteframestructurewasretained–thenewelementsaddedtoremakethecornerandincreasethebuilding’sheightweremadeofbrickwithirokojoinery–includingthesixmetrehighprojectingcornerwindow
[4]
[5]
The temptation might have been to demolish the existing unsightly building; the decision was made to retain and reuse it as an exemplary illustration of the potential of adaptive reuse generally.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—6160
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
62
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive Reusekodak house, rathMines
project teaM:PAULKeoGHARCHIteCts
LAWtonAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
BAsILConRoY+Co.qUAntItYsURVeYoRs
JoHnMCCARtHYFIResAFetYConsULtAnts
client:qUIRKeLYnCHHoLDInGs/CAWLeYneAADVeRtIsInG&MARKetInG
date:1999-2002
context
AlongwiththeBovrilbuildinginRingsendandArcher’sGarageinFenianstreet,KodakHouseisoneofthefewexamplesofArtDecoarchitectureinDublin.Itwasconstructedin1930astheheadquartersforKodak’soperationinIreland,housingwarehousingandprocessinglaboratories.
thedesignisbyDonnelly,Moore&KeatingeandconstructionwascarriedoutbytheDublinfirmMcLaughlin&Harvey.Itisthoughttobeoneofapair–withtheotherinFlorida,UsA.
challenge
WhenKodakdownsizeditsoperations,thebuildingwaspurchasedbyitscurrentownersandcontinuedtooperateasanindependentphoto-processinglaboratoryuptotheendofthe1980s.However,withtheimpendingterminationofchemicalphotoprocessing,itbecameincumbentontheownersquirkeLynchHoldingstoinvestigatealternativeusestosustainthefutureofthebuilding–bothphysicallyandcommercially.
ItwasaroundthistimethattheformerArcher’sGaragewasunlawfullydemolished,onlytobesubsequentlyreinstatedbyorderofAnBordPleanala.KodakHousewasnotlisteduntilitwasaddedtoList2oftheDublin City Development Planaftertherenovationprojecthadbeencompleted.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—6362
solution
theinitialbrieftothearchitectswasrestrictedtotheremodellingoftheupperfloor–thegroundfloorcontinuedinuseasphotographiclaboratoriesuntil2002whenittoowasremodelled.
Preliminarystudiesforthefirstfloorexploredessentiallyresidentialuses–convertingtheopenplanmodularfloorplatetoanumberofloft-stylestudioapartmentswithmezzaninesleepinggalleries.
Duringthepreliminarydesignphases,achanceenquiryresultedinapre-lettingagreementbetweentheownerandfuturetenant,toremodeltheopenplanlaboratoryasheadquartersforoneofIreland’supandcomingadvertisingagencies.thisfortuitouscoincidencecontributedinnosmallmeasuretosecuringasustainablefutureuse–andconservationoftheessentialcharacterofthebuilding,
bothinternallyandexternally.thefuturetenantssoughttoconservetheindustrialqualityandcharacteroftheoriginal,particularlyitssteelstructureandcasementwindows.
themostsignificantinterventionisintheinsertionofanewmezzaninerunningthefulllengthofthefirstfloor.theoldrooflightswerereplacedandthecentralareawasre-roofedwithanewclearspancurvedsteelstructure,thusprovidinganextraofficefloor,withspacebeneathforservicerooms.themezzanineflooralsocreatesarelationshipbetweentheofficeinteriorandtheexternalroofterrace.
themezzanineorganisestheplanintothreedistinctzones:themainopen-planofficeareatothenorth;secondaryopen-planofficeareasandconferenceroomstothesouth;acentralzonecomprisinglibrary,photocopyingandmeetingrooms
beneaththemezzanine.entryandservicesareatopposingendsofthebuilding.
theflatroofisinsulatedexternallysothesteelworkcanbeexposedinternally.theconcretestructurewasdrylinedinternallyandthesteelwindowsrenovated,re-glazedandrenewed.thewoodenfloors–wideboardoakonbattens–canbeliftedtogainaccesstocomputerandcommunicationsservicesbelow;backgroundlightingisentirelybyhalogenuplighterswithtungstentasklightingateachworkplace.
thedesignoftheprojectconcentratesontheexploitationoflightintoadeepfloorplananddifferentiatingbetweenthevarioustypesofspacewithin.theuseofalimitedpaletteofcolourandmaterialsfortheinterventionsfocusesontheexistingstructureandcreatesnewspatialeffectswiththeminimumofmeans.
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
64
ADAPtIVeReUse
lessons
Apartfrombeinganexemplarofanindustrialbuildingadaptedforcontemporaryuses,theprincipallessonoftheprojectisindemonstratinganalternativetotheubiquitousandordinaryworkingenvironmentthoughttobethepreferredchoiceoftoday’shightechnologyandservicefirms.Previousadvicefromlettingagentsemployedbytheownersoughttheinsertionofsuspendedceilings,fluorescentlighting,replacementwindowsandfittedcarpets.onthecontrary,thedevelopmentofaspatialmodelandarchitecturallanguageinsympathywiththerobustloft-styleofthe1930soriginalhasprovidedasuitableandappreciatedworkingenvironment.
[1] UsedasKodak’smainlaboratoriesforoverahalf-century,thebuildingbecameredundantwiththeimpendingterminationofchemicalphotoprocessinginthe1990s
[2] KodakHouseisoneofthefewremainingArt-DecobuildingsinDublin;constructedinthe1930s,itwasnotlistedasaprotectedstructureuntilaftertherenovationswerecompletedin2002
[3] Crosssectionshowingthenewmezzaninestructureandnorthlightglazingtothedeepplanofficeinterior
[4] thedesignsoughttocomplementtherobustindustriallanguageoftheoriginal,andofferanalternativetotheubiquitouscarpet,fluorescentlightingandsuspendedceilingenvironmentofmostofficeinteriors
[3]
[4]
The most significant intervention was the insertion of a new mezzanine floor running the full length of the space; the old rooflights were replaced.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—6564
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
66
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive ReuseWarehouse conVersion, BarroW street, duBlin
project teaM:DeBLACAM&MeAGHeRARCHIteCts
BRUCesHAWPRoJeCtMAnAGeMentLtD.
HenDRICKRYAn+AssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
MACARDLeMCsWeeneYAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
BRUCesHAWPARtneRsHIPqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:tReAsURYHoLDInGs
date:2000
context
thebuilding,whichisthreestoreyshigh,faceswestontotheGrandCanalBasinintheDublinDocklands.ItisaccessedfromBarrowstreetviaayardtothenorthofthebuildingandisenclosedtothesouthandeastbyamixtureofresidentialandcommercialusebuildings.theexistingbuildingwasderelictbutthemainstructurewassubstantiallyintact.thecastironframesupportingthree-quarterinchsolidtimberfloorswasofnote,aswerethestonerubblewallswithbrickrevealsandthesteelframedwindows,invaryingstatesofrepair.therewereanumberofunsightlymodernadditionstotheoutsideofthebuilding–stairs,lifts,toilets,etc.
challenge
themainchallengeoftheprojectwastoincorporateintothebuildingalloftherequirementsofamodernoffice,withoutdetractingfromthecharacteroftheexistingwarehousespace.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—6766
solution
Anemphasiswasputonmaintainingasmuchoftheoriginalbuildingfabricaspossible.themodernadditionswereremoved,returningthebuildingtoitsoriginalrectangularform.thesolidmasonrywallswereleftexposedbothinsideandoutside.theseweresand-blastedtoremovepaintandplasterandabreathablesealerwasappliedtobothsides.Damp-proofingworktothemwasrequiredatgroundlevel,primarilyatthegablefacingontothecanal,andachemicaldampproofcoursewasinjectedatgroundlevel.somewindowopeningshadbeenblockedupandthesewere-opened,withbrickarchesre-builtasrequiredusingreclaimedbricks.theroofwasstrippedbacktoitsstructure,andthesteelworkbrushedtoremoverust,primedandpainted.existingtimberpurlinsandraftersweretreatedforrotbyaspecialist,withnewtimberssplicedinasrequired.theroofwasfinishedinnaturalslate.theexistingsteelframedwindowswererepairedwherepossible,orreplacedwithW20steelwindowstomatch.Allwindowrevealswereplasteredinternallywithawaterresistantrender.
newinterventionswerekepttoaminimumandintendedtocomplementandcontrastwiththeexisting.Anewcoreincludingkitchens,toiletsandancillaryserviceswasinsertedattheeastendofthebuilding.Itisplannedasasquareelementrisingthrougheachfloorofthebuilding,positionedindependentlyoftheexistingstructure.Itisplasteredandpaintedwhite,clearlyidentifyingitasnewanddistinctfromtheexistingexposedmasonrywalls.themainstairservingthebuildingrisesbetweenthisnewcoreandtheexistingeastwall.theremainderoftheplanisleftasopenoffice
space,withlightweightglassandplasterboardpartitionsusedtoformindividualroomswhererequired.
Inordertobringthefiresafetystandardsofthebuildinginlinewiththecurrentbuildingregulations,theundersideoftheexistingtimberfloorswascladwithanindependentplasterboardenclosuretoprovidetherequiredseparationbetweenfloors.thisallowedtheexistingtimberfloortoberetainedandforwiringtodeskstoberunbelowthefloor.
A25mlongrooflightwasaddedalongtheapexoftheroof,tonaturallylightthetopfloorofficespacefromabove.
externallyblackpaintedsteelbalconieswereaddedtothewestfacade,cantiliveredoutoverthecanal.Anopensteelstaircaseoutsidethebuildingprovidesalternativemeansofescapefromtheofficefloors.
thebuildingislocatedinanareazoned‘toprovideforthecreationandprotectionofenterpriseandfacilitateopportunitiesforemploymentcreation’.Itsuseforofficeaccomodationwasinlinewiththisobjective.theapproachofretainingandreusingasmuchoftheexistingbuildingfabricaspossiblewasfavouredbythePlanningAuthority.
[1]
[2]
The emphasis was on retaining as much of the original fabric as possible; new interventions were kept to the minimum and designed to both complement and contrast with the original.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
68
ADAPtIVeReUse
lessons
theaimoftheprojectwastoconservethissimplewarehousebydemolishingallmodernadditionsandrestoringitskeyfeatures,stonewalls,timberfloors,steelwindowsandsteelstructure.theprojectputemphasisonretainingandre-usingasmuchoftheoriginalfabricofthebuildingaspossible,andtreatingnecessarynewinterventionsasdistinctandclearlyseparatefromtheexistingstructure.
theappropriatechoiceofuseforthebuildingisalsoimportant.Usingitasofficeaccomodationallowedittobelargelyretainedasclearopenspace,whichmaintainedalotofthecharacteroftheexistingwarehouse.Analternativeuse,suchasresidential,whichrequiresmoresub-divisionofthespace,wouldworklesswellinthisregard. [1] thestonewalls,timberfloorsandsteelwindowsoftheoriginalstructurewereretainedand
conservedintheadaptivereuseofthewarehouse
[2] theexistingwindowswereretainedandrepairedwhereverpossible.Wherenot,theywerereplacedwithW20steelcasementwindowstomatchtheoriginals
[3] themainelementsofthebuilding’soriginalfabric–floors,walls,windowsandroofstructure–wereconservedandrestored,andnecessarynewinterventionsweretreatedasseparateanddistinctfromtheoriginal
[4] Floorplanshowingtheinsertionofanewservicecoreaccommodatingkitchens,toiletsandancillaryservices
[5] thewarehousewasconservedandadaptedtoitsnewusebyremovingallaccretionstotheoriginalstructure
[3]
[5]
[4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—6968
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
70
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive Reusecoppinger court, cork
project teaM:MAGeeCReeDonKeARnsARCHIteCts
nestoRKeLLYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
C.A.sMItH+AssoCIAtesqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
PAULHoUston+AssoCIAtesLtD.
client:PRIVAte
date:2003
context
Pope’squayiscomposedofanassortmentofeighteenthandnineteenthcenturyterracedbuildingsfacingsouthacrosstheRiverLeetothe‘island’centreofCorkcity.thesitehadfiveexistingresidential/retailbuildingsonthequayside,includingonelateeighteenthcenturyresidencerequiringconservation,withoutbuildings,somesmallerhousesandgardenssteppingupthehillbehindinseveralterraces.twopedestrianlanesclimbedthroughthesite,HillLaneandCoppingerLane,thelatterlinkingthroughtoshandonstreet.
theshandonareaisanappealingenclaveofmostlysmallscalehousingclusteredaroundthehill,andunderthe‘shadow’ofthedistinctivesteeple.themainstreetshaveamixofusesreminiscentofacountrytown,andtheimpressivemonumentsoftheformerButterMarketandtheFirkinCraneDanceCentrestandtestamenttotheimportanceofthebuttertradeinthepast.theareaischaracterisedbythesenseofcommunityevidentinthedenselyinhabited,steppedlanescrisscrossingthehill,reminiscentofanothertimeandmemory,wherenarrowstreetsframeunfoldingvistasorsuddenlyopenuptosurprisingviewsoverthecity.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—7170
challenge
Housingmustre-establishitselfasthevitalreinforcingingredienttothesustainableurbancommunity.theprovisionofdesirablelivingsolutionsthatareparticulartoandunderstandwhatconstitutes‘home’,intheIrishpsychewillattractresidentswhowillreclaimandreconnectwiththeircity.InCoppingerCourt,workingwiththehistoricalgrainoftheareaallowedforadensebutsympatheticallyscaledhousingprojecttodevelopfromtheexisting‘roots’oftheshandon/Pope’squayneighbourhood.
thebriefwassimplytoprovideasmuchresidentialaccommodationaspossibleonthisbrownfieldsite,andtotryandachievethiswhilestillretainingthequay-frontbuildingsintact,aspreferredbytheplanningauthority.
Fromthisbriefcamethechallengetoinvestigatetheprinciplesandrequirementsofdesirablelongtermurbanlivingandtoreinforcetheconnectionwiththeexistingcommunityandurbanfabric.thiswouldnotjustbeaboutretainingthelanewaysandexistingquay-frontbuildings,butworkingtoascaleandgrainthatwasinkeepingwiththecontext.
Allapartmentsandhouseswouldhavefrontdooraccess,eitherfromthequayfrontorlaneways,andeachunitwouldbeindividuallydesigned,wherenecessary,tosuititslocationandorientation.thisapproachavoidsthealltoofamiliar,andoftenunsatisfactory,‘lift-corridor’typescheme,andallowsforacomplexlayeringofaseriesofpublic,semi-publicandprivateexternalspaces.
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
72
ADAPtIVeReUse
solution
theslopingsectionwasusedto‘unlock’thefulldepthofthesite,andminimisetheverticaltraveldistancefromperceivedgroundtothresholdlevels,bystackingunitsatstepsinthesection.
theinsertionofaplinthtoseparatecommercialusesandcarparkingfromtheresidentialareasgivesapedestriancharactertotheresidentialzone.theexistinglanewayshavebeensubstantiatedandnewwalkwaysandsteppedlinksopenedupbetweenthem,creatinganexperienceofunfoldingvistasasonewalksthrough.
Asingleliftisprovidedbetweenthecarparkatquaysidelevelandanexternalstreetthreelevelsup,providingdisabledandgeneralaccesstothehigherlevelunits.
thebuildingsarelaidoutinaseriesofterracesandfocalpointpieces,ofvaryingsizeandshapetodefineboththequalityoftheinternalspacesandtheequallyimportantexternalspaces.Inter-linkedsemi-publiccourtyardgardensinthecentreoftheschemearedirectlyaccessiblefromtheprivatelivingrooms.thesegardensgivebreathingspaceandassistnaturalintegrationbetweentheresidents.Privategardenterracesopeningfromlivingroomsareeitherindentedorotherwisescreenedtogiveprivacy.
thesouthfacingsitehasbeenusedtofulladvantagewithemphasisonopeningstothesouth,eastandwest.surfacescapturechangingsunlightpatternsthroughouttheday.
Useofrenderandsometimberelementsgiveanatmosphereofdomesticityandzincroofinghasallowedflexibilityofform,givinganinterestingandinhabitedroofscape,whichallowscontrastbetweennewandold.thequay-frontbuildingshavebeenrefurbishedusingnewsashwindows,naturalslatesandlimemortardash.
thenineteenthcenturyresidencereceivedspecificconsiderationtocomplywithconservationrequirements.Itsimportanceisreinforcedbyretainingitsoriginalreargardenandcreatinganaxialviewwithinthenewdevelopmenttoitsrearelevation.
lessons
thisprojecthasgroundeditselfinthehistoryofthesite.thearchitecturalapproachhasreawakened,throughcarefulselection,existingfabrictoberefurbished,reusedandreinvented.thisprocessinturnhasallowedthecontemporaryarchitecturetofinditsownselfassuredidentityintheexpressionofthenewwork.
thestrengthofthisprojectliesintherecognitionoftheimportanceoftheresidentintheevolvingcity.thepersonal‘frontdoor’,andindividualsenseofownership,tendstocontributegreatlytothelongtermsuccessofresidentialprojects.
[1] theexistinglanewayshavebeensubstantiatedandnewsteppedwalkwaysopeneduptocreateanexperienceofunfoldingvistasasonewalksthrough
[2] thebuildingsarelaidoutinaseriesofterracesandfocalpointpiecesofvaryingsizeandshapetodefineinter-linkedsemi-publiccourtyardgardensinthecentreofthescheme
[3] Groundedinrespectforthehistoryandtopographyofthelocation,boththecontemporaryinterventionandtheexistingfabricarecombinedinaself-assurednewidentityforthesite
[3]
Housing must re-establish itself as the vital ingredient in making sustainable urban communities; creating desirable urban living conditions is the solution to getting people to reclaim and reconnect with their city.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—7372
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
74
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:MARGARetqUInLAnARCHIteCts
PUnCHConsULtInGenGIneeRs
oVeRY+AssoCIAtes
GeoCKAVAnAGH+Co.CHARteReDqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:nAtIonALMonUMentsseRVICe/oPW
date:2004
context
theMainGuardwascommissionedbyJamesButler,1stDukeoformond,asthecourtandadministrativecentreofthePalatinateofCountytipperary–afeudalstructureestablishedin1328.ormondwasanimportantfigure,beingthreetimesLordLieutenantandresponsibleforthecreationoftheDublinquays,theRoyalHospitalandthePhoenixPark.
the1675dateofthebuildingisestablishedbydocumentarysourcesandbycoats-of-armsbearingthedatesetintothefaçade.WhenthePalatinatewasextinguishedin1714,itbecameanAssizesCourt.By1810,ithadpassedintoprivateownershipandundergoneradicalalterationinClonmel’scommercialboom.Bythe1980s,thebuildingconsistedofaspirit-grocery,apubandlivingaccommodation.ItwasinadangerousstateandwasacquiredbyClonmelCorporationin1986.
theMainGuardstandsattheverycentreofClonmelontheaxisofthebroadmainstreet,facingtheneo-GothicWestGate,anineteenthcenturyrebuildoftheoldwestgateofthewalledtown,whichclosesthevistaattheotherend.
ResearchontheMainGuardbeganin1990byMargaretquinlanaspartofapostgraduateprogrammeatUCD.Guidedbydocumentaryresearch,investigationrevealedthatsubstantialpartsoftheseventeenthcenturybuildinghadsurvived,concealedwithinthelaternineteenthcenturyfabric.thisdiscoveryofpre-1700fabricbroughtitundernationalMonumentslegislation.
challenge
oneofthemainchallengeswasthedilemmafacingClonmelCorporation,whichhadboughttheMainGuardasaramblingcomplexindangerousconditionandintendedtosellittoadeveloperunderits1990UrbanRenewalscheme.thesitedesignationwasbasedonaForasForbarthareportwhichsuggestedthatonlytheupperfrontwallhadsurvivingoriginalfabric.thediscoveryoftheoriginalfabricchangedeverything.
theconditionofthebuildingwasamajorfactor–howtokeepitstanding?Whatformshouldtheinterventionstake–securethenineteenthcenturyformasitstoodorunpeelthelayersbacktoseventeenthcentury?
Adaptive Reusethe Main guard, clonMel
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—7574
thesettingofthisRenaissancebuildingwasofgreatsignificancebuthadbeenaltered.Howwasthisalterationtobehandledintherelationshipwithadjoiningbuildings?
theinsertionofnewworkintoaseverelydistortedbuilding,thehandlingofrainwateronthefrontfacadeandfindingmatchingstoneweresomeofthelesserproblems.
solution
nationalMonumentslegislationnowappliedtotheMainGuardandmadetheUrbanRenewalschemenon-viable.In1994,ClonmelCorporation,inagenerous,forward-lookingact,transferredthebuildingtotheofficeofPublicWorksatnocost,andaprogrammeofexcavation,conservationandrestorationbeganwiththeaimofdevelopingthesiteasavisitorcentre.
theBoroughengineeranddefactoplanningofficer,JimKeating,whohadfacilitatedthestudyofthebuilding,waskeyinthisprocess.Asnationalmonumentswereexemptfrom
planning,noplanningapplicationwassubmittedbuttherewasongoingbriefingandconsultation.
theseventeenthcenturyversusnineteenthcenturyformofthebuildingwasthemajorethicaldecision.theprimarysignificanceofthebuildingwasseentolieintheseventeenthcenturyformandsetting.theresolutionofthestructuralproblemscouldalsobebestmetbyre-establishingtheoriginalstructuralform.thenineteenthcenturyradicalalterationwasnota‘validcontribution’(Article11Venice Charter)butaimedatmaximisingfloorarea.thedecisiontoreinstatetheearlierformwasalsosupportedbytheBurraCharter’sArticles17,18and19,whichdealwithrecoveryofsignificance.
theoptionofretainingthenineteenthcenturyconfigurationwasconsideredbutdiscarded,asitwouldhaveentailedthevirtualobliterationofthesurvivingelementsoftheoriginalinfavourofthepreservationofastructure,whichitselfwouldhaverequiredthereplacementofmuchdecayedmaterial.
theimmediatesettingwasreinstatedtosomedegreebytheacquisitionandpart-demolitionoftheinfillbuildingstothesouthandeast.thisallowedthebuildingtoappeartobefreestanding.
Decisionsonthedistortionweretorepairanythingbrokenbuttokeep,andmergeinto,theexistingdeformations.Littleintherepairworkcouldbemadeplumborlevel,requiringgreatskillfromthenationalMonumentscraftspeople.
Inallinterventions,carewastakentoavoidspeculationandtoensurethatnewelementswereclearly
[1]
[2] [3]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
76
ADAPtIVeReUse
[4]
identifiableasbeingofcontemporaryconstruction.noevidenceofinternaldetailingsurvivedandnoattemptwasmadetorecreateit.
theoriginallimestonemouldedcillssurvivedthe1810alterationsandarenowrestoredtotheiroriginalpositions,off-levelduetothedeformationofthemasonry.thewindowopeningsandnewlimestonesurroundsarebasedonevidenceuncoveredduringthework.noclueswerefoundastotheformoftheoriginalwindowssothenewwindowsaremodern,designedtobeinkeepingwiththecharacterofthebuilding.soundtimberintherooftrusseswasretainedwithnewtimberpiecedinwherethedecaywasadvanced.timberandleadwereusedinthenewdeeplyrecessedinfillfacades,havingasoftnesswherenewmeetsold.
lessons
theoverwhelminglessonisthedangercausedbylackofknowledge.theMainGuard,apartfromitsfrontwall,wouldhavebeenlosthaditnotbeenchosenasaresearchtopic.
Fabricanalysis,hand-in-handwithdocumentaryresearch,recoveredtheoriginalformofthebuildingwhichwasdeeplyhiddenattheoutset.
thesecondlessonwasthatsecondarysourcescanbemisleading.themanypuzzlesaboutthebuildingweresolvedbyresearchinprimarysources.DonatusMooney’sFranciscanhistoryof1615;theoriginalormondinventoriesofthe1670/80s;anunpublishedosmapof1846givingcredencetoasemi-diagrammaticmapof1690andasentenceina1778englishtraveller’stale;allcombinedtoestablishformandsignificance.
thirdly,itwasveryclearthatthewhole-heartedsupportofthelocalauthoritywasvitaltothesuccessoftheproject.
MuchofthesignificanceoftheMainGuardliesinitssetting.theinsertionofthissimple,classicallyinspiredbuildingtransformedthe
publicrealmofthemedievaltowninamannercharacteristicofRenaissanceinterventioninexistingcityfabric.theprojectionofthebuildingintothemainthoroughfarecreatedasymmetryandanaxialrelationshipwiththeWestGate.
thereinstatementofthearcadehastransformedthepublicspaceofthetown,re-establishingarelationshipthathadbeenlostinthenineteenthcentury.IthasputtheheartbackintothetowncentreandrestoreditsearlyexpressionofenlightenedcivicgovernancethatembodiestheidealsofRenaissanceurbanplanning.
[1] thenorthendofthearcadeprojectingintoMitchellst.
[2] Meetingofoldandnewfabricinthereturn
[3] sideviewfromthenorthwiththebackdropoftheComeraghfoothills
[4] Firstfloorcontextplan
[5] thestructurebeforeworkbegan
In all interventions, care was taken to avoid speculation and to ensure that new elements were clearly identifiable as being of contemporary construction.
[5]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—7776
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
78
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive Reusethe daintree Building, caMden street
project teaM:soLeARtHARCHIteCts
BURoHAPPoLD
GARDIneRAnDtHeoBoLDqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:DAIntReeLtD.
date:2005
context
theprojectcontextisthebusycommercialstreetandbacklandservicelanesofCamdenstreet,abustlingmarketstreetinDublin’ssouthcity.Camdenstreetisunusualinthecityinthatitretainswhatfeelslikeanalmostmarkettownambience.thisisperhapsduetoitsgenerouswidth,uniformityofbuildingfrontageheight–threestorey–andtheunusualvarietyofcommercialactivities–shops,marketstalls,residentialandinstitutional–alongit.thesiteisanaccumulationoftheoriginalstreetfrontbuildingandtheseparateplotbehinditalongwithtwoadjoiningplotsonPleasantsPlace.theoneandtwostoreywarehousesandshedsalongthelaneareanintegralpartofthesetting.Buildinglinesrunnorthsouthalongthestreetandlane.Buildingsareconsistentlythreestoreystothestreetandlargelyonetotwostoreysonthelane–withoneexception,afourstoreyhistoricschooloppositethesite.
challenge
theclient’sbriefwastocreatean‘oasisinthecity’,aplacetoliveandwork,thatwouldbemixeduse,vibrantandcuttingedgeinitsuseofecologicalmaterials,passivestrategiesandactivetechnologies.
themaindesignchallengewastoreusetheexistingbuildingonCamdenstreet,givingitduerespectandensuringthatitwasnotoverpoweredbythebiggerbuildingtoitsrear,creatingsomethingthatwouldbecomeitsown‘place’inthecity.Floortoceilingheightsintheexistingshopwerequitelowandenlargingthemcarriedtheriskofconflictwithoriginalwindowopeningsorfallingoutsidethede-factoheightdatumextantonCamdenstreet.
Anotherchallengewastodevelopasolutionthatoptimisedthenorthsouthbuildingline,whichmilitatedagainstutilisingsolargainforresidences,andthedesiretocreatepassivesolarapartments.
themainplanningchallengesweretwo-fold–convincingtheplanningauthoritythatPleasantsPlacewasnotamewslaneandshouldn’thavetheseguidelinesimposeduponit;andmakingtheargumentthatanewfourstoreybuildingonalaneofpredominantlytwostoreyshedswas
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—7978
appropriateandcouldbeachievedwithoutcompromisingtheamenityofneighbouringproperties.
othermoredetailedchallengesincludedworkingwithinthespansanddimensionsoforiginalfaçadeandfabric,windowopenings,cornicelinesetc.;accommodatingcommonsewersandcombinedservicesfromneighbours;andrealisingagroupsolutionforservicesatwhatwasaquitemodestscale.
solution
Designsolutionswerefoundthroughphasingtheconstruction,echoingthethreeoriginaloriginalplotsinthe
newbuildingfootprintandinfoldingthedifferentusesoverandthrougheachother.
toCamdenstreet,thestrictheightlimitationwasthestrongestinfluenceronthedecisionstakenindesigningtheretrofitofthehistoricbuilding.theplotlinesoftheassembledsitestothelaneattherearalsoimposedthemselvesonthecompositionofthenew,largerbuilding.
thehistoricbuildingonCamdenstreetwasthoroughlyrenovatedwithpartialreplacementoffabricincludingsomefloors.originalwindowopeningsandstoreylineswerematchedascloselyaspossiblethoughforeconomiesofscaleitwasconsiderednecessarytousetheroofspaceasresidentialaccommodation.
thisnecessitatedraisingofpartoftheridgewhichistheonlychangetothebuildingenvelopewhenviewedfromthestreet.Giventheneedtoaddbathroomsandkitchenstoeachfloor,somechangesinspatiallayoutoneachfloorwerealsoinevitable.theoutcomeisabalancingoftheconflictsbetweenprovisionofmaximumaccommodationandthedictatesoftheoriginalhistoricbuilding’sscale,layout,fabricandparticularlyheight.
Forthelargerbuldingtotherear,theoriginalplotlinesascribeddivisionsinthenewlayoutwhichensuredthenewbuildingechoesthescaleandgrainofthepre-existingstructures;thesouthernmostplotbecametheopenspacecourtyardhostingthepubliccaféandbicycleshedcumartinstallation.ItworksasaroutelinkingPleasantsPlacetoCamdenstreetduringbusinesshoursandalsoservesasasecretgarden.themiddleplotbecomesreadlableatfirstfloorlevel,whereitfunctionsasasemi-privatesunnyterrace–theorganisingspacefortheresidentsofthenewbuilding.
theexistingbuildinglinetoPleasantsPlacewasacceptedasthemainelevationforreasonsofurbandesigncoherence,andtheinherentdisadvantageitpresented,beingatrightanglestothesun,wasturnedintoapositivebylocatingstairwellandnon-residentialelementsalongit.Dwellings–needingheating–werelocatedtothesouthinthesunandhighupinthesection,andnon-residential–needingcooling–wereplacedtothenorthandlowerdowninthesection.
Whilecertaineconomiesofscaleofdwellingwerelostwhenaplanningapplicationforafifthstoreywasrejectedinfavouroffourplus
[1]
The client’s brief was to create ‘an oasis in the city’; a place to live and work, that would be cutting edge in its use of environmental sustainability strategies.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
80
ADAPtIVeReUse
basement,acriticalmassofactivitieswasmaintainedbyomittinganycarparkingonsite,thusunlockingflexibilityandspace.Instead,bicycleswereprioritisedandthebicycleshelterenergisedwithoriginalworksofsculpturebasedonfoundobjects.
thesevenapartmentsinthenewbuildingareindividualinlayout,eachrespondingtotheirplaceinthecomposition,thesolarandviewopportunitiesavailableandtheirdifferentsizes.Anintentiontomakethemfeelmorelikestackedhousesthanapartmentsisachievedbyensuringhallwaysandbathroomshavenaturallightandthatmosthavelargeexternalprivatespaces.
themainreuseandconservationsuccessesarethatavibrant,sunny,mixedusebuildinghasbeencreatedwithoutwholesaledestructionofthecharacterandscaleofthearea’sbuiltcontext,andthattheexistingbuildingonCamdenstreetwaslargelyreused.
lessons
technicallessonsrangedfromprocesstodetail–eachapartmenthavinganindividuallayoutledtohigherbuildcostsanddidnotutilisetherationallogicoftimber
frameasmuchasitcouldhave;andspecificationoflargelynaturalmaterialsthroughout,includingforexternalenvelopes,rantheriskofaneedformoreregularmaintenance–prioritisingthisinthebudgetcouldhaveensuredweatheringwasmoreconsistent.
thebuildingisunusualinanumberofways,butitisperhapstheblendingofusesandthecarvingoutofanewroominthecity’sspatialmatrixwhereresidents,officepersonnelandpapercraftspeoplemixwithcaféloungersandshoppersinalivingexampleofconvivialcitythatisitsuniquecontribution.
[1] theDaintreeBuildingcomprisesarenovatedbuildingtothefrontandanewfour-storeybuildingincludingagroundfloorcafétotherear
[2] theprojectcombinesamixtureofresidential,retailandofficeusesutilisingstate-of-the-artenvironmentalstrategiesintermsofitsconstructionmaterialsandenergystrategy
[3] PlanshowingrenovatedbuildingtoCamdenstreetwithnewmixedusebuildingtotherearlane
[4] FacingCamdenstreet,themixedusedevelopmentconservesthestreet-frontbuilding,includingreinstatementofagroundfloorretailunit
[2]
[3] [4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—8180
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
82
ADAPtIVeReUse
Adaptive ReuseBaldoyle liBrary
project teaM:FKLARCHIteCts
DAVIsLAnGDonPKsqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
MoYLAnConsULtInGenGIneeRs
MCARDLeMCsWeeneY+AssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
client:FInGALCoUntYCoUnCIL
date:2005
context
thelibraryoccupiedtworoomsofadilapidatedformerRICbarracksonthestrandRoadattheapproachtoBaldoylefromsutton.theMallwasatriangleofgrassatthegableofthelibrary.Itwaschainedofffromthefootpathanddidnotinvitevisitorsorsuggestthepossibilityofuse.Furtheralongthecoastthechurchofst.Peterandst.Paulsitsinanopenparklikespace,markingthecentreofBaldoyle,andwastheonlycivicorurbanindicatorforthevillage.
thelibrarybuildingitself,amodestandrobustnineteenthcenturytwostoreybuildingwasinreasonableconditionstructurallybutinternallywasinaverypoorstateofrepairduetoalackofmaintenanceandguttersleakingovermanyyears.Partofamatchedpairitwasbarelynoticedandmadenoresponsetoitscivicfunctionnortoitslocationbesidethesea.Itwasunmarkedandindistinguishablefromthetwostoreyhouseswhichsurroundit.
challenge
thedecisionbyFingalCountyCounciltorefurbishandupdatethelibrary,aswellastoprovideaLocalAreaofficefortheCouncil,presentedtheopportunitytonotjustrefurbishtheexistingbuilding,buttoreassessitsrelationshiptothevillage.thechallengewastoredefinetheexistinggreenspaceasaforecourttothelibraryandLocalAreaofficeandmarkitslocationwithintheubiquitoussuburbansprawl,betweenitatoneendandst.Peterandst.PaulChurchattheother.thebuildinghadtosignalitspublicfunction,tosupportawiderangeofcomplementaryactivitiesandtoinviteusebyasmanyresidentsaspossible.
theexistingbuildingwastobereanimatedandextendedinamannerthatrespectedbotholdandnew.Indoingsotheconstrainednatureofthesiteandtheproximityofneighbourstotherearhadtoberespectedandissuesofpotentialoverlookingorovershadowingtobeaddressed.theopportunityalsoexistedtotakeadvantageofthestunningandeverchangingviewsovertheseatoIreland’seye.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—8382
solution
Initialassessmentofthebuildingsuggesteddemolitionbutonbalancethepositivepresenceofthebuildingintheurbancontext,itshistory,andtheenvironmentalbenefitsofreuseledtothedecisiontomaintainandextendit.theofficeandlibraryaccommodationarelocatedintheexistingshell,circulation,toiletsandlargerspacesthatwouldnotfitwithinthenarrowexistingbuildingarelocatedinanewextension.
Ablankfirstfloortotheextensionavoidsoverlooking,acompactformavoidsovershadowingandasubstantialcirculationcontentprovidesaccesstonewandexistingaccommodation.thisisenshrinedintheconceptofamanipulatedtubewhichisfoldedandbentaroundtheexistinglibrary,producingaformthatsignalsthepublicnatureofthebuildingbyitssingularityratherthanthroughexcessivescale.
thenewconstruction,formsaloopwhichbeginsandendswithapublicgatheringspacefocusedonIreland’seye.startingattheMallwhichallowsdirectaccesstothebuildingfromapublicspaceratherthanfromthebusyroad,andendingatthemeetingroomatfirstfloor,wheretheviewformsthebackdroptopublicmeetings.
theMallisremadeasapavedcivicspacewhichcanbeusedforeventsandallowsthefunctionsofthelibrarytoextendbeyondthebuilding.Itrunsunderthecantileveredfirstfloormeetingroomtoprovideanexhibitionspacewhichcanbeseenfromoutsideevenwhenthelibraryisclosed.Itformsacounterpointtotheparkwhichsurroundsthechurchtherebybracketingthevillagebetweenpublicspaces.
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
84
ADAPtIVeReUse
newandexistingconstructionsaregivendifferentbutcomplementarylanguages.theexistingbuildingwasrefurbishedexternallybutduetothestateofdisrepair,wasrebuiltandreorganisedinternallyinasympatheticcontemporarymannerwhichallowedforafunctionallayoutandanupgradeoftheenergyperformance.thepublicnatureofthebuildingissignalledbystonecladdingtothethenewtube,whichinternallyisarobustreinforcedconcretestructuresubdividedfunctionallybytheinsertionofafoldedplaneoftimberboards.therenderedwallsandslateroofoftheoriginalstructurecontrastwiththeflat-roofedstonecladnewextension,whileinternallythenewconcretetubewithitstimberliningcomplementsthesimpleplasteredspacesoftheoriginalbuilding.
lessons
thisprojectallowedtheremakingoftheimageandunderstandingofthevillageofBaldoylethroughretainingwhatwasusefulinthestructureoftheexistingbuildingandaddingwhatwasrequiredwithnewaccommodation,remakingwhatwaswornoutintheMallandtheinterioroftheoriginalbuilding.theoriginallibrarywasamodestbuilding,notlistedorofparticularhistoricalimportancebutitformedanintegralpartofitscontextandwasrespectedandunderstoodforitsphysicalandculturalvalue.thefactthatitisretainedismoreimportantthanthedetailofit.theintegrityandconsistencyoftheapproachtotherefurbishmentattainsgreatersignificancewhencontrastedwiththeequallyrigourousnewextension.
[1] thefunctionsofthelibraryextendfromunderthecantileveredfirstfloormeetingroomtoprovideanexhibitionspacevisiblefromthestreet
[2] thenewandexistingconstructionaregivendifferentbutcomplementarylanguages
[3] Floorplanshowingnewextension‘wrapped’aroundtherenovatedexistinglibrarybuilding
[4] theprojectdesignaspiredtoallow‘theremakingoftheimageandunderstandingofthevillageofBaldoyle’
[5] Architect’ssketchindicatingthe‘foldedtube’concepttointegratethenewinterventionswiththeoriginalfabric
[3]
[4]
[5]
The existing building was a modest building not listed for protection or of any particular importance, but it formed an integral part of its context.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—8584
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
86
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:JACKCoUGHLAnAssoCIAtesARCHIteCts+ConseRVAtIonConsULtAnts
PRoJeCtMAnAGeMentLtD.
BeRnARDseYMoUR+AssoCIAtesLAnDsCAPeARCHIteCts
client:CoRKCItYCoUnCIL
date:2004-2005
context
the‘Lifetime Lab’project,avisitorandeducationalcentrebasedaroundthethemeofsustainableliving,wasundertakenbyCorkCityCouncil,inassociationwithUniversityCollegeCork,withpartfundingbyeeAeFtAstates,FinancialInstrumentoftheeuropeaneconomicArea,inordertopreserveandreuseimportantlandmarkbuildingsandtocoincidewithCorkCity’sroleastheeuropeanCapitalofCulture2005.
Priortothecommencementofthisprojectin2003,theformerCorkCityWaterworks,designedbysirJohnBenson,hadremainedunusedandlargelyunmaintainedforfiftyyearsbutnonethelesshadsurvivedremarkablyintact.
thesiteanditsassociatedbuildingsisincludedonboththeRecord of Protected StructuresandtheSites and Monuments Record.Followingdetailedresearchandrecordingoftheformerwaterworksbuildings,thesitewasconfirmedasthebestpreservedVictorianmunicipalwatersupplycomplexinIreland,andtheoldestcontinuously-usedmunicipalwatersupplyinstallationinthecountry(inusefrom1760’s).ofarchitectural,historical,scientific,andsocialsignificance,thecomplexalso
includesthe1907enginehousewhichcontainsinsitutheonlysurvivingenginesoftheirtypeinIreland.
challenge
theprojectbrief,asdefinedintheCork City Development Plan,calledfortheformerCorkCityWaterworkssitetoformthefocalpointoftheSustainable City Project,toberedevelopedintoavaluableeducational,heritageandtouristattractionwhichwouldpromoteawarenessofenvironmentalissuesandenhanceCorkCityasacentreofenvironmentalexcellence.
theclientbriefrequiredtheprinciplesofsustainabledesigntobeappliedtotheconservationandadaptationofthecomplexfornewuseaseducationspaces,offices,meetingroomsandinteractiveexhibitiondisplaysonthethemesoftheenvironmentandsustainability.Giventhelocationofthesiteandthedifferentfloorlevelsofthebuilding,providingtheaccessforallrequiredbythebriefwastoprovechallenging.
theconditionofindividualbuildingsonthesiterangedfrompoortoextremelydilapidated,withtheprincipalproblemsrelatedtowateringresscausedbydamagedrainwater
Adaptive ReuselifetiMe laB, forMer cork city WaterWorks
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—8786
goods,brokenrooflanternsandmissingslates.thedistinctivebuildingfabriccomprisingbrickworkandlocalredsandstoneinterspersedwithbandsoflimestonewasinneedofattentioninmanyareas,particularlywherethesandstonewasbadlydelaminating.
Inkeepingwiththebrief,theprojectrequiredanapproachanddesigntoconvertexistingindustrialbuildingstofullyaccessible,comfortable,usablespaceswithnewelectricalandmechanicalserviceswhilenotcompromisingtheirhistoricalandarchitecturalcharacter.Inaddition,akeycomponentoftheworkwastheretentionoftheexistingbuiltindustrialheritageincludingtheearlytwentiethcenturysteamplant.
solution
Decisionsoninterventionsintothehistoricfabricweremadewiththeaimofretainingthemaximumamountofhistoricfabricpossible,andrespectingtheexistingspaces.thecontractworksincludedstoneworkandbrickworkconservationandrepointing,usingtheoriginaltuck-pointingtechnique,restorationandrepairoftimberwork,roofre-slatingwithnaturalslates,leadworkrepair,applicationofnewlimerender,repairofcastironrailings,limestonestepsandgranitecobblestonesandprovisionofnewlandscaping.
electricalandmechanicalservicesincludedusingrenewableenergysources,andincorporatinggeothermalheatpumps,solarwaterheatingandphotovoltaicpanels,andhydropowergeneratedonsite.theexistingbuildingsarenaturallyventilated.
Forthenewelementsmodernmaterialswereusedtodifferentiatethemfromtheexisting.Zincsheetingwasusedtothenewentrancelobbywiththenewliftshaftformedinanexposedconcretehavingaglazedfaceoverlookingtheriver,ensuringthattheinterventionswereclearlyidentifiable.
thisfreestandingliftwasprovidedatthenewentryforecourthavingatimber-cladpedestrianbridgetotaketheliftusertothetopoftheexistingstairs,sothatalluserscommenceandcompletetheirjourneyatthesameplace.theconvertedbuildingsarenowfullyaccessible,withtheexceptionofthehistoricenginehouse,whereanew,cantileveredviewinggallerywasprovidedfromtheaccessibleupperlevelallowingvisitorstoviewthesteamplantinthelowerareaofthebuilding.
lessons
theendresultoftheextensiveworkprogrammeatthewaterworkssiteistheconservationandadaptationofacollectionofdilapidatedhistoricstructureswithinaneglectedsiteforasustainablenewuse,withoutcompromisetotheirhistoricintegrity.thenewroleofthesiteinpromotingtheconceptofsustainablelivingand
[1] [2]
The marriage of the principles of conservation with the requirements of sustainability was the most demanding yet successful element of the project.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
88
ADAPtIVeReUse
environmentalawarenesspresentsanopportunityforthepublictovisitapreviouslyinaccessibleareaofCork.
themarriageofprinciplesofconservationwiththerequirementsofsustainabilitywasthemostdemandingyetsuccessfulelementintheproject.thebuildingswerepushedtotheirlimitstoachievethemaximumenergysustainabilitywithoutthelossofcharacterandsignificance.
theverydefinedobjectivesofthisCityCouncil-drivenprojectallowedthedesignteamtofullyengagewithbothplannersandtheconservationofficerfromtheoutsetandtoagreecommongoalsandprinciples,whileformulatingtheappropriateoperationandmarketingofthecentreatanearlystageallowedthearchitectstofinelytunethebuildinglayoutstothatbrief.
[1] Decisionsoninterventionsintothehistoricfabricweremadewiththeaimofretainingthemaximumamountofhistoricfabricpossible
[2] theconditionoftheexistingbuildingsrangedfrompoortoextremelydilapidated–mostlyduetoproblemswithwateringress
[3] Planshowingnewinterventionsintotheexistingcomplex;newelementsaredifferentiatedfromoldthroughtheuseofmodernmaterials
[4] Researchconfirmedthattheformerwaterworkswasthebestpreserved–andoldest–municipalwatersupplycomplexinIreland
[3]
[4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—8988
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
90
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:sHAFFReYAssoCIAtesARCHIteCts
MALACHYWALsHAnDPARtneRsConsULtInGenGIneeRs
MULCAHYMCDonAGHAnDPARtneRsqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
GeRRYGeAnYenGIneeRInGConsULtAnts
client:WAteRFoRDCoUntYCoUnCIL
date:2005
context
theformerChristianBrothersMonasteryinLismoreisprominentlysitedonthebrowofthegentlyrisingWeststreetandatthejunctionofthreeroads,whichdefinethistriangularsite.themainfacadeformallyaddressesthearchitecturallysignificanttownofLismore.theoriginalshallowU-shapedbuildingdatesto1871andisoftheprevalentGothicstyleofecclesiastical/educationalarchitectureofthistime.thistwostorybuildingwasenlargedc.1920,theextensionadoptingthearchitecturalexpressionoftheearlierpart,howeverconstructedinmassconcreteasopposedtothewarmlocalsandstoneoftheoriginal.thereisatriangulargardentothefront,whichemphasisestheformalityofsettingandsite.
UnusuallyformostcountiesinIreland,Waterford’slibraryheadquartersislocatedinLismore,notthecountytownofDungarvan.Agrowingimperativeforimprovedbookstorage,bookprocessingandotherrelatedfacilities,addedtotheneedtoprovideaonestopshopandcivicofficescoincidedwithadecliningresidentialcommunityofChristianBrothers,leavingthemonastery’sfutureuncertainandatrisk.Inthelate1990’sWaterfordCountyCouncilacquiredthebuildingasanewhomeforthelibraryheadquartersandAreaoffices.thebuildinghousingthelibraryheadquartersatthattime,itselfafinetownbuilding,wassoldandhassincebeenwellrestoredasanofficeandprivatehome.
Adaptive ReuselisMore liBrary
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—9190
challenge
theexistingmonasterybuildingwastoosmalltoaccommodateallthefacilitiesandfunctionsofthenewuses,inparticularthelargevolumesrequiredforthestorageofbooks.Further,thehistoricbuildingcontainedprincipallycellularroomsofamodestsize.However,alargehigh-ceilingedroominthegroundfloorofthe1920’sextension,withaseriesofdualaspectwindowsgivinggenerousnaturallightandventilation,suggesteditselfasasuitableroomforthetownCommissionersandthewelllitcirculationspacesinthehistoricbuildingallowedforflexibilityofroomlayoutandaccess.
theprincipalchallengewashowtohandle,architecturally,thelargevolumesoftheextension,withinthecontextofastronglycoherentexistingarchitecturalexpressionandcompact,symmetrical,arrangementsoftheoriginaland1920’sbuilding.
thelatterextensionhadfollowedtheoriginalinstyle,albeitadoptingmodernmaterialsandconstructionandwasaconsiderablysmallerextensiontowhatwasnowneeded.
Anotherchallengewastomaintaintheprimacyofthehistoricbuildingwhileensuringfunctionalityandaccessibilitywereequallywellserved.
solution
Bookstorageandprocessingrequiredspaceslargerthanwhatwasavailablewithinthehistoricbuildings,withoutincurringmajorintervention.these,alongwithstaffcanteenandtoilets,areaccommodatedinthesinglestorylinearextension,whichextendsalongtheeasternboundaryofthetriangularreargarden,alsorunningalongsidethemainentrancetoLismorefromFermoy.eachfunctionisexpressedvolumetrically,
andmaterially,withalternatingcopperandlimeplasterfinishestoreducetheoverallreadingofmassandformandallarejoinedbyatimberandglasscirculationlinkwhichopensoutontothesouth-facinggarden.sedumroofingisusedforthelimerenderedsections,otherwisethecoppercladdingfullycoverstheseelements–theviewsoutfromthefirstfloorwindowsofthehistoricbuildingareanimportantconsideration.
thehistoricbuildingprovidesthemainpublicandofficefunctionsandanaccessiblesecondaryentranceandnewliftensuresallpartsofthebuildingarefullyaccessible.Generallyalighttouchhasbeentakenwithregardtotheexistingbuildings,retainingthehistoricplanformwhichprovidesextremelypleasantnaturallylitandventilatedrooms.Asmalldelight,whichoftenhappenswhenworkingwitholderbuildings,wasthediscoveryofacharmingpaintedceilingwhichhadbeencoveredoverandnowenhancesthecountylibraryoffice.
lessons
Understandingtheintrinsicarchitecturalandurbanqualitiesofthehistoricbuildingandcontext,informedasolutionwhichdirectedthelargescaleandmoreprivateelementsofthelibraryheadquarterstothenewbuilding(extension)andaccommodatedthemorepublicandcellularofficeuseswithintheexisting.thusthehistoricmainentranceremainstheprincipalentranceandthiswasasimportanttoservetheprevailingurbanlogicofsiteandsetting,theprominenceandcentralityofthemainentrance
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
92
ADAPtIVeReUse
isasignificantvistawithinthetown,asitwastosatisfywellestablishedconservationprinciples.
theextensiveuseofnaturalcoppercladdingforthenewextensionwaschosenforitsvisualandtemporalcharacteristics,aswellasdurability.InAutumnthematurebeechtreeswhichlinetheoppositesideoftheFermoyentranceroad,mergeincolourwiththecopper-tonedelementsoftheextension.overtime,thesevisualrelationshipswillchangeasthecopperitselfchanges.
thedecisiontoadoptacontemporaryidiomforthenewextensionwasnotmadeattheoutset,ratheritevolvedasthemostsatisfactorysolution,followinganumberofexploratoryinvestigations,tointegratingtheparticularlylargevolumespacesrequiredbytheprogramme.Contrastmaynotalwaysbetheappropriatesolutionwhenaddingtohistoricbuildings,concernforanoverallintegrity–orcoherence–ofarchitectureisimportant.Inthatway,integrationwithinthewidersettingmustalsobeconsidered.
[1] Bookstorageandprocessingrequiredspaceslargerthanwhatwasavailablewiththeoriginalbuildingstructure
[2] theextensiveuseofnaturalcoppercladdingforthenewextensionwaschosenforitsvisualandtemporalcharacteristics
[3] Understandingtheintrinsicarchitecturalandurbanfunctionsoftheoriginalbuildinganditscontextinformedthedesignsolution
[4] Concernforanoverallintegrity–orcoherence–ofarchitecturalexpressionandintegrationofthenewandoldwithinthewidersettingwerekeyconsiderations
[2]
[4][3]
The decision to adopt a contemporary idiom for the new extension was not made at the outset; rather, it evolved as the most satisfactory solution.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—9392
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
94
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:ARCHIteCts–o’BRIAInBeARYARCHIteCts
stRUCtURALenGIneeRs–DeCLAnCoLLIeRAssoCIAtes
seRVICesenGIneeRs–DoMInICFAYAssoCIAtes
qUAntItYsURVeYoRs–AnDReWnUGent+AssoCIAtes
FIReConsULtAnts–FIResAFetYenGIneeRs
client:PRIVAte
date:2006
context
CapelstreetisoneofthemosthistoricallysignificantstreetsinDublinCity,laidoutinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies;originallyaresidentialstreetbutsubjecttoconsiderablechangesintheinterveningcenturies,itisnowenjoyingsomethingofarevival.thestreetwentintogradualdecline,withmostbuildingsespeciallyatthesouthernend,beingconvertedtoretailuse,withgroundfloorsandrailingsmakingwayforcommercialshopfronts,andwithconsiderablederelictionandvacancy,particularlyontheupperfloors.
no.16Capelstreetconsistedofanoriginalnineteenthcenturybuilding,muchaltered,offivestoreysoverbasement,andarearearlytwentiethcenturyextensionofsimilarfootprint,offourstoreysoverbasement.Duetothecomplexhistoryofthesitetherearextensionhadarangeofwindowsinbothpartywalls.
challenge
theupperfloorswereopenfloorplatesresultingfromthebrickpier,steelbeamandtimberjoistconstructionthatwasemployedintheextension.thisformofconstructionwasalsoretrofittedintotheVictorianshell,resultingintheremovalofalltheoriginalinternalwallsandanyoriginaldetailatthattime.theexistingfootprintmeanttherewasnolighttothemiddleoftheplan,particularlyintherearofthefrontbuilding.thelocationoftheonlystairstotherearofthebuildingresultedinunsafetraveldistancesandtherewasnoopenspaceonthesite.
Adaptive ReuseliVing oVer the shop, no. 16 capel street
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—9594
solution
theworkstono.16Capelstreetinvolvedthereuseofthefourupperfloorsofafivestoreyoverbasementbuildingtoprovideloft-styleapartments,andworksatgroundfloorandbasementleveltoallowtheexpansionoftheexistingretailunit,andtocreatesharedcommunalfacilitiesfortheresidentsoftheupperfloors.theworksqualifiedforthe‘livingovertheshop’(Lots)taxincentivescheme.theworkswereundertakenpriortotheestablishmentoftheCapelstreetArchitecturalConservationArea.
thetwofundamentalissuesoflackofdaylightinthecentreoftheplan,andofpoorlyplacedverticalcirculation,weresolvedbycuttingouttwostructuralbaysofthetwentiethcenturyextensionwhereitabuttedtheoriginalbuilding,providingaseparatinglightwellandcorridor
linkbetweenthefrontandrearapartments,andbyplacinganewsteelframedstaircaseadjacenttothislinkinacorneroftherearstructure.thisdividere-establishedthedistinctionbetweentheoriginalbuilddepthandthelaterextension.
thefrontapartmentswerearrangedtoallowoneofthebedroomsoperateasastudyconnectedtothelivingroomviathekitchen-apartiallyglazedconnectingscreenallowsavisualconnectionthroughthedepthoftheplanfromcourtyardtostreet.therearapartmentsweregenerallyarrangedwithaL-shapedlivingdiningkitchenspacerunningalongthesouthern,easternandnorthernfacades.
thecourtyardcutoutwassteelframedandcladinfibrecementpanels,thethicknessoftheassemblybeingvisibleattheexposedjunctionswiththeexistingbrickwork.eachapartmenthasabalconyopeningintothecourtyard.theprincipalamenityspacefortheresidentsisthenewrooftopdeckedgardentotherear,screenedbymetal-framedopalglasspanels.
Minimalworkwasundertakentotheexterioroftheexistingshellasitwasgenerallyingoodcondition,withtheexceptionoftheexistingflatroofswhichwereentirelyreplaced.Internally,theexistingjoistsandsteelbeamswerestrengthenedwhererequired.Acousticandfireseparationstandardsweremetbyemployingadoubleceilingsystem,withtheupperfireceilingcompletelyimperforate.theceilingheightsweredeterminedbytheexistingbuildingwhichintheusualeighteenthandnineteenthcenturymannerdecreaseasonerisesthroughthebuilding,from3.7metresatfirstfloorto2.4metresonthetopfloor,withthehigherceilings
onlowerlevelscompensatingforlowerlightlevels.Finishesandfittingswerechosenwithregardtoquality,durabilityandeconomy.Brightlycolouredrubberflooringonacousticunderlaywaschosenforalltheupperfloorsforitseaseofmaintenanceandlightreflectancevalue.thecommunalstairs,builtoffasinglecrankedUCsection,offwhichsteelplatetreadsbalance,linkstheentrancehallandcommunalfacilitieswiththeroofgarden.
[1]
[2]
The scheme demonstrates the potential for distinctive, contemporary living accommodation on the upper floors of city centre buildings.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
96
ADAPtIVeReUse
lessons
theschemehasdemonstratedthepotentialfordistinctivecontemporarylivingaccommodationintheupperfloorsofcitycentrebuildings,includingbuildingsthathavealongandcomplexhistoryofextensionandalteration.suchbuildingsmayallowagreaterfreedomofintervention,becausewhathaspreviouslybeenlostcannotbereclaimed,whileatthesametimerequiringsensitivitytomakesenseofthestoryofthebuilding.ItalsodemonstratesthevalueofthecarefullytargetedtaxincentivessuchastheLotsscheme,withoutwhichtheschemewouldnothavebeeninitiated.
[1] Becausethebuildinghadbeenpreviouslyalteredandextended,therewasgreaterfreedomofinterventionincreatingcontemporarylivingaccommodation
[2] Laidoutinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesasaresidentialstreet,CapelstisoneofthemosthistoricallyimportantstreetsinDublin
[3] theplanwasformedbycuttingouttwobaysofanearlytwentiethcenturyextensionabuttingtherearoftheoriginalhouse,therebycreatingaseparatinglightwellbetweenthetwo.
[4] UndertakenpriortotheestablishmentoftheCapelstreetArchitecturalConservationArea,theworksqualifiedfor‘livingovertheshop’taxreliefincentives
[5] Apreviousexemplarof‘livingovertheshop’conservationinitiativebyDublinCityCouncil
[3]
[5]
[4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—9796
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
98
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:MICHAeLCoLLInsAssoCIAtes
ARUPstRUCtURAL+seRVICesenGIneeRs
ReR(PARIs)FAçADeConsULtAnts
BRUCesHAWPARtneRsHIPqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:DUBLInDoCKLAnDsDeVeLoPMentAUtHoRItY
date:2007
context
CHq(formerlyknownasstackA)wasconstructedaround1820toadesignbyJohnRennie,therenownedscottishengineerwhowasresponsibleforthetobaccoDocksinLondonaswellasHowthandDunLaoghaireharbours.thegroundfloor,intendedforthestorageoftobacco,hasbrickexternalwallsenclosingavastspaceofapproximately7,000m2withasophisticatedcastironframesupportingaslatedroofandglazedlanternlights.Basementvaultscomprisestonewallsandbrickarchesdesignedforwinestorage.
overtheyears,thebuildinghashadagreatvarietyofuses,mostmemorablyin1856forabanquetfor3,000veteransoftheCrimeanWar.Changesinuseresultedinalterationstothebasicbuildingfabricincludingtheinternallayoutandpenetrationoftheexternalwall.themostsignificantalterationwastheremovalinthenineteenthcenturyofover4mofthe
southendofthebuildingtoallowforthewideningofthequayanditsreplacementwithaplainbrickwall.Poormaintenanceintheearlypartofthetwentiethcenturycausedfurtherdeteriorationofthefabricandstructure.WhentheDDDAtookonresponsibilityforthebuildinginthe1980s,itwasvirtuallyderelictandunused.Largeareasoftheslatingweremissingandpartsofthebasementvaultswerepermanentlyunderwater.
challenge
studiesonhowtoconservethebuildingwerecommencedinthemid1990s.thegreatestchallengesweretherepairandcleaningofthecastironframeandtheneedtoinsulatetherooftoallowthebuildingtobeoccupiedratherthanjustusedasanunheatedstore.thecastironstructurehadbeenpaintedinalead-basedpaint,theremovalofwhichpresenteda
Adaptive ReusechQ / stack a
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—9998
safetyhazard.therewasnoaccesstothebasementvaultsfromwithinthebuilding.theeliminationofthewaterinthevaults,involvedtheinvestigationofundergroundVictorianculvertsandfloodvalvesthatpreventedtheLiffeyfromfloodingthebuildingat
hightide.theoriginaltuckpointingoftheexternalbrickwallshadbeenrepairedovertheyearswithsandandcementmortar.therewasnomeansofescape,ventilationorprovidingbuildingservicesofanykindinthebasementvaults.
solution
theDDDAundertookanumberofstudiesofpossibleusesforthebuildingincludingexhibitionspaceforanumberofdifferentthemesrangingfromtransportandmaritimetoartandinteractivescienceandtechnology,combinedwithanelementofcommercial/retailuse.Intheenditwasthecommercial/retailusethatwasadoptedandpromotedforthemajorpartofthegroundfloorwithrestaurant/hospitalityuseforthebasementvaults.
theplainbricksouthwallwasreplacedbyaplanarglasswallsetbacktoallowthevaultstobeseenfromstreetlevelandtoallowdaylightintothevaultsandreinstatethebuilding’sconnectiontotheriver.Anentrancedoorhassubsequentlybeenprovidedinthesouthfaçadeinresponsetotheconstructionoftheseano’CaseyBridge.Anewglazedstructureonthewestfaçadefacingst.GeorgesDockprovidedaccessbystairsandliftstothevaultsfromoutsidethebuilding.ontheeastfaçade,allofthenecessaryserviceentrances,fireescapes,loadingbaysandbuildingserviceswerehousedincompactplantroomsconstructedoutsidethebuildingenvelope.Distributionofventilationandotherbuildingservicestothevaultswasachievedbycastinghorizontalductsintotherubblefillingoverthebrickarches.theseconnecttheplantroomsontheeastfaçadewitheachvaultthroughoutthebuilding.Alloftheelementsoftheinterventionstructuresareselfsupportinginlightweightconstructionandcaneasilybeadaptedtootherusesinfuture,withoutaffectingthehistoricstructure.
[1]
Finding practical solutions to technical problems was challenging but not impossible; finding compatible and sustainable new uses continues to be the biggest challenge for the future of the building.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
100
ADAPtIVeReUse
thereplacementofbrokenelementsofthecastironstructureandcleaningoftheoldlead-basedpaintrequiredthatthebuildingbeenclosedinatemporarysealedenclosureinwhichdustparticlescouldbecontained.thetemporarystructurespannedoveronethirdoftheentirebuildingandwasre-locatedastheworkwascompleted.thesand-cementpointingwasrakedbyhandfromthebrickworkandre-pointedwithtuckpointing.
lessons
thisisoneofthemostimpressiveandimportantbuildingsofitstypeinDublin.Itsvastscaleandintricatedetailingareauniqueexpressionoftheeleganceanddurabilityofcastironasastructuralsystemandatestamenttotheskillandcraftsmanshipoftheperiod.theworksthathavebeencarriedoutbytheDDDAwillensurethatthebuildinghasbeenconservedinamannerthatallowsittobeusedforavarietyofactivities.Findingpracticalsolutionstotechnicalproblemswaschallengingbutnotimpossible.Findingnewcompatibleandsustainableusesforthebuildinginthepresentadverseeconomicclimatecontinuestobethebiggestchallenge.
[1] theexistingbricksouthwallwasreplacedbyaplanarglasswall,setbacktoallowthevaultsbeseenfromstreetlevelandtoallowdaylightpenetrateintothelowerlevel
[2] WhentakenoverbytheDDDAinthe1980s,thebuildingwasvacantandvirtuallyderelictduetoneglectandlackofmaintenance
[3] Allelementsofthenewinterventionareoflightweightconstructionwhichcanbeadaptedtootherusesinfuturewithoutaffectingtheoriginalhistoricstructure.
[4] overtheyearsthebuildinghashadavarietyofuses;in1856ithousedabanquetfor3,000veteransoftheCrimeanWar
[4]
[2] [3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—101100
[4]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
102
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:DonAGHYAnDDIMonDARCHIteCts
DoWnesAssoCIAtesConsULtInG+CIVILenGIneeRs
client:PRIVAte
date:2007
context
theprojectistheconservationandadaptationofaprotectedstructureanditsgardenfortwenty-firstcenturyinhabitation.Builtcirca1840thehousewasthelastinfillinthisDublinterraceandissmallerinscalethanitsearlierneighbours,whichoccupiedlargersites.theoriginalplotextendedtoamewslanetotherear.thisoriginalcurtilagehadbeencurtailedbytheseparatesaleofthemewssitethuscuttingthehouseofffromthelane.
challenge
thechallengewastoconservethesignificantfabricofthehouseandtheintegrityofitsplan,whileadaptingitssectioninordertocapitaliseonitseast-westorientation.Whiletheoriginalhouseprovidedwell-proportionedreceptionrooms,thisresultedinadarkbasementkitchenwitha2.1metreceilingheight.therewasnobathroomaccommodation.thehousewasalsoremotefromitsgardenwhichhadonlypreviouslyrelatedphysicallytoservantbasementlevelrooms.thebriefwastostudyhowbesttoprovidefornewresidentstoreinhabitthehouse.
Adaptive ReuseMountpleasant aVenue, duBlin
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—103102
solution
theprojectfocusesonmakingsmallexcisionsandadditionstoprovideservicedroomswhichcantakeadvantageofsiteandaspectwithoutcompromisingtheplanofthehouse.theoriginalreturnisretainedanditsspacesusedforservicestohouseandgarden.theprimaryinterventionistoremovetheflooroftherearreceptionroom.thisliberatesthelowerroomsfromtheiroppressedsectionandopensuptheprospecttothechurchdometothewest,drawingsunlightdeepintotheplan.thebasementbecomesaliving,diningandkitchenspacewiththefrontreceptionroomatentrylevel,amezzaninedrawingroomconnectedvisuallytothenewspaceandthegardenbeyondthroughabalconywithlargeshutters.
Withthefloorremoved,therearwallisopenedupwithadoubleheightglazedoakscreentothegarden.An‘outhouse’iscreatedattherearboundarybybuildinganewwallofthebrickremovedfromthebackofthemainhouse.thisnewroomisroofedbyspanningandcantileveringacastconcreteslab(plantedroof)betweentheexistinggardenwalls.Itbecomesacave-likeretreatwithaspectbacktothehouseandgardenviaaglazedpivotdoor.Iftheownersacquirethevacantmewssitethebrickwallcanberemovedleavinganopenshelterlinkingcourtyardgardenandorchard.
thelackofupstairsbathroomwasaddressedwithaversionofthetraditional‘thunderbox’perchedattheeavesofthehouse,asalightweightelementframedoffanoakfloorstructureandcladincopper.thestructureisexecutedwithoutsteelwork,restingontherearwallandtiedbacktothestairwalls.Anew
rooflitopen-treadoak-plywoodstairs,litfromarooflight,extendsfromtheexistingstairsandupwardstoanatticstoreroom.
Groundisexcavatedinthefrontyardtoprovideabicycleshelterandthespoilusedatthereartoconsolidate
thelevelchangebetweenpavedcourtyardandgarden.thisisthencompletedwithmonolithicgranitesteps,extendingthetraditionofcut-and-fillonwhichtheseterracehousesweregrounded.thegardenstepsdowntothenewlivinglevelwhichformsthelungoftheproject.
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
104
ADAPtIVeReUse
lessons
theprojectdemonstratesthathousesneednotbeover-extendedinorderforthemtoaccommodateevolutionofuse.theintegrityofanexistingstructuremaybeconsolidated,augmentedandenhancedbycarefullyoperatingwithinitsconstraints.Inordertooperatesurgicallyandeffectively,theformandphysiologyofastructureanditscurtilagemustberecorded,studiedandunderstood.thestructurethereforeinformsthewayitisworkeduponandthewayitmightbeinhabited.
successfuladaptationofinheritedurbancontextsreliesonunderstandingtheimmediatebuiltfabricandmakingadjustmentsinrelationshiptoboththestructureathandandthewiderborrowedlandscape.
Conservingthegardenaspartofthehouseandurbanlandscapeisintegraltosustainablereuse.ReferencetotheDublinCityCouncil:Lower Rathmines Road Conservation and Urban Regeneration Studyunderpinsandreinforcestheapproachtaken.
Whilethegardenstructureisnotontheoriginalmewssite,butinthegarden,someofprinciplesfromtheConservation and Urban Regeneration Studyapplytothe
approachtakeninbuildingthegardenroominamodernidiomsupportedbytheoriginalgardenwallsandbuiltfrommaterialsfoundandreusedonsitewithasedumroofpresentingaplantedelevationtothewindowslookingdownfromtheterraceatupperlevels.
theapproachtakenisoneofexercisinggreatcareinthebalancingofnewinterventionswiththeintegrityandsignificanceoftheexistingstructure,includingitscurtilage,inordertoaccommodatenewinhabitationthroughconsideredarchitecturaladjustments.
[1] theabsenceofanupstairsbathroomwasaddressedwiththeadditionofaversionofthetraditional‘thunderbox’perchedofftheeavesoftherearelevation
[2] Builtinthe1840s,thehousewasthelastinfillstructureinaterraceoflargeradjoininghouses
[3] Crosssectionshowingthehouseandnewgardenstructure.
[4] Anewroof-litopen-treadstaircaseofoakplywoodconstructionextendsfromtheexistingstairs
[2]
[4][3]
The approach was to exercise great care in balancing new interventions with the integrity and significance of the existing structure.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—105104
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
106
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:MAGeeCReeDonKeARnsARCHIteCts
ARUP
MICHAeLBARRettPARtneRsHIPqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
MULLInDesIGnAssoCIAtesLAnDsCAPeARCHIteCts
client:LoUIsAnDKAteRonAn
date:2006-2007
context
RockyIsland,asmallislandinCorkHarbour,isaninspiredlocationtositeacrematorium.thesitehadtherequiredindustrialzoningwitheasyaccessfromCorkCityandasuitablyscenicsetting.oninspection,agunpowderstore,dated1808,wasrevealed,withgreatpotentialforconversiontothenewuse.
Historicalresearchestablishedthattheislandwasoriginallyapointedrockoflimestone.thestonewasextensivelyquarriedforuseonthemilitaryandnavalworksthroughoutCorkHarbourandtheresultantholeswerethenre-inhabitedwithapairofgunpowderstores.thesewerecomposedofaseriesofparallelbrick-vaultedspacescontainedwithinthesunkencourtyards.oneofthesebuildingswasdestroyedwhenapairofconcretebridgeswasconstructedin1966,tolinkHaulbowlineIslandtothemainland.Howeveronestoreremainedrelativelyintact,reachedbyapassagewaycutthroughtherock.
thephysicaluncoveringofthefabric,andtheprocessofsurveyinganddrawingit,ledtoanunderstandingoftheconstructionanduseofthegunpowderstore,instillingconfidenceintotheworkthatfollowed.
challenge
thechallengewastotakethismilitarybuildingwiththepurposeofdestroyinghumanlifeandreinventitwithnewmeaningasaplaceforthecelebrationofhumanlife,withaspiritoftranquillitythatthelivingcouldmarkandrememberthedepartureofthedeceasedwithdignity.Itwastobesuitableforfinalritualsforalldenominations,bespiritualandyetavoidanyreference,intentionaloraccidental,toreligioussymbolism.
Adaptive Reusethe island creMatoriuM
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—107106
solution
theapproachtotheislandarrivesonahighplateaulookingovertheharbour.theroutewindsdownanavenuelinedwithnewscotspinesandalongthewater’sedge.theoriginalgateway,withitsclassicallimestonesurroundmarkstheentrancetoawindingstonecobbledpathwhichleadsthroughacave-likepassageintothefirstcourtyard,
wherethesoundofwaterfallingintoanewpooltakesthemindawayfromtheoutsideworld.onesideofthiscourtyardisformedbytheimposingcutstonefaçadeofthemainbuilding.theopeningtothecentralbrickvault,nowthemainspiritualspace,hadpreviouslybeenbroken,allowingitsfurtherwidening,givingeasypassageofthefuneralcortege.theentranceisasymmetricallyframedinnewwhitemarble.Internally,thebrickwork
hasbeencleaned,revealingawarm-coloured,texturedbackdrop.Arhythmofnichesalongonesidehasbeenscreenedwithcastglassandbacklit.thecentralrecesshasbeenwidenedtoprovideasettingforthecatafalque.thebackdroptothecatafalqueisasand-blastedglassscreen,day-litfrombehindbyanewopeningintheroofwhichfloodslightintotherepository,givingamysteriousglow.Anewexithasbeentunnelledfromthesecondcourtyardopeningadramaticviewovertheharbour.
thematerialsusedforthenewworksareinformedbynineteenthcenturymilitarybuildings.Chunkyoakshuttersweremadefortheexternalopenings.Copperandglasslanternsinthepassagesarebasedonanineteenthcenturydesign.newmaterialsareintroducedandarehonestlyexpressedtocomplementtheexistingstructure,asseenintheacousticpanels,requiredtoreducethereverberationtimeinthespiritualspace.thesearesetintodeliberatelyweightysteelframeswithcraftedhinges,allowingsubdivisionofthespacetocreateamoreintimateenclosureforsmallgroups.othermaterialssuchasseashellsandquartzchipsinpolishedconcretearetoevokethoughtfulnessandmemory.thedesignofsomeelementsinvolved
[1]
[2]
The challenge was to take this military building, with its purpose of destroying human life and reinvent it with a spirit of tranquility as a place for the celebrating of life.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
108
ADAPtIVeReUse
collaborationwithartistssuchasthelocalmarblepieceinsetintheexternalcatafalquebythepool.
lessons
WeareataveryinterestingmomentinthehistoryofCorkHarbour,asthetransitionfromnaturalharbour,tostrategicmilitaryhub,toindustrialandcommercialharbour,isnowbeingimaginedagain.Itishopedthatthesuccessofthisprojectwillencourageandinformotherworkstothesignificanthistoricmilitaryinfrastructureoftheharbour.Althoughthesebuildingscanseemrigidintheirlayouttheycanbere-imaginedinamyriadofdifferentwaysandpertinent,privatelyfundedprojectscancontributemuchtotheprotectionofimportantarchitecturalheritage.
[1] RockyIsland,asmallislandinCorkHarbour,wasaninspiredlocationforacrematorium;combininganindustrialzoningwitheasyaccesstothecityandasuitablyscenicsetting
[2] Researchindicatedthatthelimestoneislandwasextensivelyquarriedfornavalandmilitaryconstructionworks,andtheresultingholewasinhabitedwithapairofgunpowderstores
[3] thedesignprinciplewastokeepthestructuralinterventionstoafewstronggestures,strippingthebuildingtoitsoriginalformandinhabitingthespacesinaneasilyreversiblearrangement
[4] thematerialsusedforthenewworksareinformedbythenineteenthcenturymilitaryarchitectureandhonestlyexpressedtocomplementtheexistingfabric
[3]
[4]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—109108
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
110
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:BoXARCHIteCtURe
LoHAn+DonneLLYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
FLYnnMCnALLYMCKeLLPARtneRsHIPqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:FUse
date:2007
context
theclient,anexpandinggraphicdesigncompanyownedtwosmalladjacentbuildingsonthecornerofsyngestreet,aresidentialterrace,andLennoxstreet,amixofcommercialandresidential,inDublin8.theproposalwastodemolishthepoorlyconstructed1950scommercialpremises,inordertoextendtheofficespaceoftheremainingbuildingwhich,althoughnotaprotectedstructure,providesalinktotheexistingfabricofthestreet.
thesitewasnarrow,20.5x3.5metres,andwasaleftoverspaceatthejunctionofthetwostreetswiththecommercialpremisesonLennoxstreetonceoverlookingacanalbasin.the1950sbuildingwasananomalyintheexistingstreetscapeasitwasindisrepairandsubjecttovandalism.thenewproposalwasintendedtocontributetotheurbanfabricofthisstreetandthenewelevationaltreatmentrespondstoboththeneighbouringbuildingsandtheurbancontextofthesite.
Adaptive Reusefuse, lennox street
[1] Architect’sdrawingillustratingtherelationshipofthenewextensiontotheoriginal1950scommercialbuildingonthesite
[1]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—111110
challenge
thebriefwastoprovideamodernofficebuildingtomeetcurrentbuildingstandardsandacreativeworkingenvironment;increasetheefficiencyofthebuildingandprovideadditionalfunctionalspaceforagrowingcompany;andcreateahierarchyofprivateandpublicspaces,withdesignatedprivateoffices,openplanworkingspacesandaclientmeetingroom.
27syngestreethasbeenpartofaresidentialstreetsinceitwasconstructed.Unliketheoppositecorner,no.30,wherethearchitectureturnsthecorner,no.27hasanexistingsidegardenandendgableconditioninstead.IncontrastLennoxstreet,betweenLennoxPlaceandKingslandParade,isa
commercialstreet,threestoreyshigh,withshopsatgroundfloorandaccommodationover.thepredominantbrickusedintheseearlierpropertieswasabrownDolphin’sBarn.theareaoppositethesite,wherethecanalbasinonceexisted,wasbuiltatalaterstageandconstructedinaVictorianstyleusingredbrick.theoncesidegarden,now27Asyngestreet,hadapoor,moremodernstructureinredbrick,(circa1940/50’s),withpebbledashingatfirstfloorlevel,anentranceoffsyngestreet,andbesidethisasinglestoreyover-basementderelictstructure.thechallenge,fromaconservationpointofview,washowtorepairastreet,tieinapoorredbricktwentiethcenturyadditionatoddswiththegeneralstreet,andresolvethedifferentparapetheightstocreateasympatheticmodernbuilding.
solution
thesitewaslongandnarrowandthelocationoftheentrancewaskey.thedecisionwasmadetomovetheentranceontoLennoxstreet,beingmoreappropriatethantheresidentialnatureofsyngestreet.Movingtheentrancealsomaximisedthespaceavailableandcreatedadoubleheight,toplitspacewiththecirculationbehindawallconcealinghowonemovesthroughthedifferinglevels.thenewelevationproclaimstheextensiontobeamoderninterventionthroughitscontemporarystylewhilstusingcontextualmaterials.thenewfacadeinterlocksthreedimensionallywiththefaçadeoftheretainedbuildingtocreateacoherentcompositionofnewandold.onanurbanscalethenewextensionacknowledgesitspositionasabuildingwithaviewtothecanal.thelineoftheadjacentparapetlevelisbrokenasthenewbuildstepsupslightlyrepeatingacondition,whichoccursfurtheralongthestreet.
Brickwasselectedtocladtheextension,referencingtheexistingmaterialoftheretainedbuilding,withthenewbrickworkrespondingtothetonesoftheneighbouringbrickbuildingsonLennoxstreet.thenewentranceisdefinedbyarecessedlargeopalglassscreenandadjacenttimberdoor.therecessemphasisesthesenseofentranceandre-appropriatesthelanguageoftheadjacentshopfrontsonLennoxstreet.thebrickskinispuncturedbyglazedopeningsinformedbytheinteriorspaces.theglazedbandatstreetlevelprovidesclerestorynaturallightingtothebasementarea.thisglazedbandwrapsaroundthecornerverticallytoacknowledgethelanewayand,inconjunctionwitha
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
112
ADAPtIVeReUse
windowabovethesidedoor,providesadditionallighttothebasementareaintheafternoon.
Atgroundfloorlevel,alargepicturewindowprovidesaviewtothestreetfromthemeetingroom.thiswindowhastimberventilationpanelstoeachside,andexternallythebrickskinisdetailedtoconcealthispanelsothewindowappearsasasimpleglazedopening.Internalglazedscreensareusedtobothendsofthemeetingroomandbasementtoprovideviewstothedoubleheightvoidswithinthebuildingandtothestreetbeyond.thisvisuallinkbetweenlevelsprovidesasenseofhowthiscomplexbuildingworksandorientatestheoccupant.
Atfirstfloorlevel,rooflightsabovealightshelfprovidereflectednaturallighttotheopenplanworkspace,viewsareprovidedbyalargecornerwindowandthreeslitwindowsprovidemorefocusedintimateviewsandallowincreasedoccupantcontrol.
thecombinationoftallvoids,carefullypositionedrooflightsandclearinternalglazingscreensensuresnaturallightentersallareasofthebuildingfrommultiplesourcesandtheoccupantshaveasenseofopennessandspacewithinthisrelativelysmallbuilding.theverticalglazingatthestairwell,definesthelinkbetweentheoldandnew,andprovidesaconsistentvisualreferencetotheexternalsurroundings.externallythisglazingdefinesthebreakbetweenthetwobuildings,enhancingtheinterplaybetweenoldandnew.
lessons
thesitewaspossiblythelargestchallengeanditssizemadeitverydifficulttoconstruct.Fromadesignpointofviewperhapsthebestlessonlearntwasthatinitialresearchandstudyingofthecontextwereinvaluable.Withestablishedstreetscapesthereareverysmalldetailsthatatfirstglancegetmissed,butwithsometimespenttheselittledifferencesbecomeevident–brickcoursing,chimneydetailsetc–andtransferintothedesignandaidintheintegrationofamodernbuildingintoanestablishedcontext.
[1] thenewelevationisexpressedasamoderninterventionwhichutilisescomplementarymaterialstocreateacoherentcompositionofnewandold
[2] Atgroundfloorlevel,alargepicturewindowprovidesaviewtothestreetfromthemainmeetingarea
[3] Acombinationofvoidsandcarefullyconsideredrooflightsensurethatnaturallightentersthedepthofthebuilding
[2]
[3]
The proposal was designed to contribute to the urban fabric of the street with a new intervention responding to the adjoining buildings and the local context generally.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—113112
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
114
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:MCKeVIttARCHIteCts
MCCABeDeLAneYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
DeLAP+WALLeRLtD.
JMqsqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
client:DRoGHeDABoRoUGHCoUnCIL
date:2008
context
theFranciscanorderhasbeenapresenceinDroghedaforover750years.theFranciscanChurch,knownlocallyas‘theHighLane’wasconstructedin1829.thelateGeorgianGothicchurchisbuiltintoasteepslopethatrisesfromthesouthriverquaytowardsLaurencestreet,architecturallythemostsignificantstreetinthehistorictown.thechurchhastheuniquefeaturesofentrancesatgroundandatchurchgallerylevel,themainstreetaccessfromLaurencestreetbeingontothedeeprearchurchgallery.
theFranciscansdecidedtoclosethechurchandtheadjoiningresidencein2000andduringthenexttwoyearsmeetingswereheldwithrepresentativesofthecommunitywithaviewtodecidingonanappropriatefutureuse.Droghedawasfortunatethatamunicipalartcollectionhadbeenassembledbetween1940and1960.theFranciscansdecidedtogiftthebuildingtothepeopleofthetownasavenuetohousetheartcollection.
challenge
thepropertyhadbeenmaintainedingoodrepair.thechurchisbuiltonatPlanwithgalleriesineacharmandthechallengewastoovercometheproblemoffragmentedaccessandprovideasubstantialexhibitiongalleryfloorattheLaurencestreetlevel.themainfloorandnaveofthechurchisset4.5metresbelowtheLaurencestreetlevel.thechallengewasalsotocreateacontemporaryartgalleryspacewhileretainingfeaturesoftheexistingbuildingincludingthegalleriesandthethree-baytudorGothicreredoswithlargemouldingsandcolonettesrisingtopinnacles.
Adaptive Reusethe highlanes gallery, drogheda
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—115114
solution
thesolutionwastooverlaythegallerieswithafloatingfloorofsufficientareatoserveasalargeexhibitionspaceatLaurencestreetlevel.theDevelopmentCommitteehadalsopurchasedanadjoiningresidentialbuildinglocatedonthestreeteastofthechurch.Visuallyrelatedtothedesignofthereredos,thefacadeofthisbuildingconsistsofthreebaysoftwostoriesexpressedasthreegiantblindpointedarchesframingsquareheadedwindows.thisbuilding,togetherwiththesiteofanalreadydemolishedsacristydirectlytotherear,providedasitewhichcouldaccommodatetheservicesnecessarytoanartgalleryincludinglift,toilets,kitchenstoresandplant.thisspacenowprovidesacafeandcraftshopatstreetlevel.
Itwasconsideredimportantthatthebuildingwouldprovidelettablecommercialunitstosubsidisetherunningcostsofthegallery.theflooroftheoriginalchurchprovidedalowergalleryspacewhichiswonderfullyarticulatedbytheexistingclustershaftsthatsupportthedeepbackgallery.
Asuspendedplenumceilingbelowthatoftheoriginalplasterceilingdistributesservicesandlightingtotheuppergallery.thisspaceisnormallysubdividedwithmovablewallswhichprovidegreatflexibilitytogalleryexhibitions.thegallerycanbeenteredthroughthecraftshopfrontonLaurencestreetorthroughthenineteenthcenturychurchgateswhichdirectthevisitoracrossabridgelikeramprisingfromstreetleveltothefloorlevelofthenewgalleryfloor.
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
116
ADAPtIVeReUse
lessons
theoriginalfabrichasbeensubstantiallyretained.theapproachhasbeentooverlaytheexistinganditisconceivablethatthenewinsertionscouldberemovedandthebuildingreturnedtoitsoriginalform.
theinteriorwhenviewedfromthefrontofthereredosexplainsthebuildingandshowsalltheoriginalchurchgalleryfrontstuckedunderthenewlayeroffloor.theexistingreredoswhichcanbeviewedfrombothgalleryfloorsbecomesanintegratedsculptureinthespaceandisquiteathomeintheredesignedspace.Contemporaryelementsareharmoniouswiththetraditional.themidnineteenthcenturywindowsrecordunusualsaintsmostcolourfullyandalsoremaininplace.oldandnewcoexisthappily.
thisprojectaltersacherishedbutredundantchurchandreturnsitasaworkingbuildingtothecommunitythatproudlyfundedandbuiltit.
[1] theapproachtotheconservationoftheoriginalfabrichasbeentooverlaytheexistingwithnewinsertionswhichcouldbereversedifrequiredtoenablethebuildingreturntoitsoriginalform
[2] Droghedawasfortunatethatamunicipalartcollectionhadbeenassembledbetween1940and1960.theFranciscansdecidedtogiftthebuildingtothepeopleofthetownasavenuetohousetheartcollection
[3] thisprojectaltersacherishedbutredundantchurchandreturnsitasaworkingbuildingtothecommunitythatproudlyfundedandbuiltit
[3]
This project alters a cherished but redundant church and returns it as a working building to the community that proudly funded and built it.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—117116
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
118
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:ConsARCDesIGnGRoUP
oPWARCHIteCtURALseRVICes
oPWCIVILAnDstRUCtURALenGIneeRInGseRVICes
oPWMeCHAnICALAnDeLeCtRICALenGIneeRInGseRVICes
oPWqUAntItYsURVeYInGseRVICes
oPWPRoJeCtMAnAGeMentseRVICes
client:tHeHeRItAGeCoUnCIL
date:2006-2008
context
theformerBishop’sPalaceislocatedwithinthehistoricst.Canice’sCathedralcomplexofKilkenny.thesitewasthesubjectofaConservationPlanin2000bytheIntegratedConservationGroup.specificconservationpoliciesweredrawnup,significantelementsidentifiedandsubsequentproposalsweremadewithreferencetothisdocument.theoriginalcoreofthebuildingisamedievaltowerwithanadjoiningvaultedhall-house.therewerealterationstothefabricinthesixteenth,seventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesincludinganextensiontotherear,whichhousestwofineroomsatgroundandfirstfloorlevel.Intheearlynineteenthcenturyanexistingdormerfloorwasremovedandathirdflooraddedabovethemedievalhallsgivingthepresentarrangement.
ConsarcDesignGroupwasresponsiblefortheinitialdesignandplanningapplicationforthechangeofusefromBishop’sPalacetoHeadquartersfortheHeritageCouncilalongwithassociatedinternalworksandprovisionofanewpavilionandservicesbuilding.theofficeofPublicWorksbecameinvolvedfromprojectdevelopmentstagetocompletion.
challenge
thebriefwastoprovidemodernoffice,meetingandconferencefacilitieswhileexpressingtheuniquehistoricphasesofarchitecturaldevelopmentofthebuilding.thepavilionwasconceivedasacontemporarybuildingusingmodernmaterialsandtechnology.Universalaccesswastobeprovidedthroughoutandfireissueshadtobeaddressedforasinglestaircasebuilding.
theHeritageCouncilwishedtodemonstratethat‘itisentirelyappropriatethatanoldbuildingcanbeextendedinamodernarchitecturallanguage,inahistoricprocessofevolutionthatreflectsthemultiplelayersofevidenceofchangethatweretobefoundinthis,asinmanyother,olderbuildings’.WorksweretobeachievedwithintheConservationPlanframeworkandinaccordancewithacceptedprinciplesofconservation.thehistoricbuildingwasnottobereturnedtoanyonephaseofitsvarieddevelopmentbutfeaturesofsignificanceorexposedduringthecourseofworkswouldbeassessedanddecisionsmadeastohowtheyshouldbepresentedintheoverallbuildingcontext.newinterventionsweretobereadassuch
Adaptive Reuseheritage council headQuarters, kilkenny
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—119118
anddesignedinamodernidiomtorespectandenhancethecharacteroftheexistingbuilding.
solution
theinvestigationprocesscommencedbytheConservationPlanwascontinuedthroughouttheproject.Workswerestructuredtoallowfabricassessmentstobecarriedoutinadvanceofthemaincontract.theserevealedinterestingandchallenginginformationaboutthephaseddevelopmentofthebuildingandresultedinanumberofchangestotheoriginalproposals.
externalsandcementrenderfromthe1960’swasremovedbyhandexposingvariousperiodsoflimestoneconstruction.Medievalopeswithchamferedsurroundsandarare
seventeenthcenturyoakwindowwereamongfeaturesrevealedandincorporatedintothedesign.extensivemasonryrepairswerealsocarriedout.
openingupworksidentifiedpotentialserviceroutes.Cableswererunthroughexistingvoidsandwirelessfittingsusedwherepossible.Floormountedpedestalunitswerewiredfromthefloorvoidandarelowimpactandreversible.
structuralrepairsandfirecompartmentationwererequiredthroughout.Lathandplasterceilingswerecarefullycleanedandafirebarrierwasfixedtotheprimarystructure.Asecondaryescapestairwasprovidedtotheleastvisiblesouthwestelevationtoprovideanalternativeescapefromthetopfloorandgableroomonthefirstfloor.therewasphotographicevidence
ofaVictorianstairandbalconyarrangementtothefirstfloorinthislocation.thespiralstairwaskeptawayfromthebuildingandsupportedbyacolumnandconcretebase.
thebalustradeofthefinelydetailed1730’sstaircasewassignificantlylowerthanpermittedbyregulationsforaworkingoffice.Amodernsecondaryhandrailwasfitted,independentoftheexistingjoinerytoretainitshistoricarchitecturalclarity,andthiscanberemovedwithminimalimpact.
themainentrancerampisoflocalKilkennylimestonewithsteelhandrails.Kilkennylimestonehasbeenusedthroughouttotieboththehistoricandmodernstructuretogether,honedoninternalfloorsandflamedinexternalarea.Claddingtothenewpavilionbasehasasawcutfinish.
lessons
Researchbeforetheprojectisundertakeniscritical.theexistenceoftheConservationPlaninthiscasewasinvaluableasaguidingdocumentfordecisionsandthiscontinuedtoevolvethroughouttheprocessasmoreinformationbecameavailable.
Accesstoabroadrangeofspecialistadviceisnecessaryforaholisticunderstandingofthebuildingfabric.Itisalsoessentialtohavespecialistcontractorsinvolvedwhounderstandhistoricconstructionandprinciplesofconservation.
Aprogrammeofopeningupbeforeanyworksareundertakengreatlyimprovesthequalityofdecisions
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
120
ADAPtIVeReUse
madeandmechanicalandelectricalroutesshouldbefullyconsideredatthisstage.
theabilityofallinvolvedtoviewtheworksasacontinuingprocessisvital.Beingopentodiscoveriescanprovideopportunitiesforelegantsolutionstodesignchallenges-forexample,theexposureofthehistoricbrickpavingandwallsonthegroundfloorprovidedastructureforrampstoaccommodatelevelchangeswithinthebuilding.thebrickfloorandmedievalmasonrycannowbeenjoyedbyallvisitingthepavilion.
theprojecthassuccessfullymettherequirementsofmodernofficeusewithinacomplexhistoricsetting.thethoroughnessofresearchandthecreativeworkingrelationshipbetweentraditionalskillsetsonsitehasenabledtheprojecttopresentnewandexcitingevidenceofthebuilding’sevolutionwhilepreservingoriginalfabricandhistoriccharacter. [1] thebriefwastoprovidemodernoffice,meetingandconferencefacilitieswhileexpressingthe
uniquehistoricphasesofarchitecturaldevelopment.
[2] theoriginalcoreofthebuildingisamedievaltowerwithanadjoiningvaultedhallhouse.therewerealterationstothefabricinthe16th,17th,18thand19thcenturies
[3] Floorplan:thepavilionwasconceivedasacontemporarybuildingusingmodernmaterialsandtechnology
[4] theformerBishop’sPalaceislocatedwithinthehistoricst.Canice’sCathedralcomplexofKilkenny
[2]
[3] [4]
The Heritage Council wished to demonstrate that an old building can be extended in a modern language, in a historic process of evolution that reflects multiple layers of evidence of change.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—121120
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
122
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:DenIsBYRneARCHIteCts
RoGeRCAGneYAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
Keno’ConnoRAssoCIAtesqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
LUCAsenGIneeRInGseRVICesLtD.
client:CARRoLLsIRIsHGIFtstoRes
date:PHAse1–2005-2007
PHAse2–2007-2009
context
situatedinthehoteldistrictadjacenttoDublin’smainbusstation,anend-of-terracepairofLateGeorgianbuildingswereinverypoorcondition,withno.33,theendbuilding,beinginanadvancedstateofdereliction.thisbuildinghasaveryfinesideelevation,unusualfortheGeorgiantype,ontoDeverellPlace.Itconsistsofamagnificentfullgableofsixteenblankwindowscompletewithbrickflatarches,granitecillsandatour de forcelowersidewall,pilastered,rusticatedandnichedinRomancement,builtin1900forthearrivalofthequeen.thesideelevation,monumentalinscaleincomparisontothelocallyprevalentGeorgiandomestic,providestheshortsidestreetwithamemorableurbanpresence.thenewownerwishedtorenovateandrestoretheexistingbuildingsandtoconstructnewadditionstomaximisefloorspaceforspeculativeuse.
challenge
thetaskwastoinsertamodernbuildingoffourstoreysoverdoublebasementsontoasmallurbansitetocombinewiththerefurbishedGeorgianbuildingsandamonumentaldecoratedsidewallinordertoprovideanefficientlayoutformarketablespace.theexistingtwoadjoiningbuildings,oneanear-ruinandtheotherasmallhotel,weretoberestoredandupgradedtomeetcurrentstandards.thearchitecturalchallenge,beyondthefunctionalitiesofthebrief,layinknittingtogethertheoldandnewpartstoproduceacoherentwholethatsimultaneouslyaddressedthedifferingfront,sideandrearurbancontexts.
Adaptive Reusea Wall for the Queen
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—123122
solution
theexistingtwostoreyrearreturnstothefrontbuildings,asymmetricalpairofsidepavilions,suggestedhowthenewconstructionsmightcompleteanewcourtyardwhilstpreservingtheintegrityoftherestoredqueen’swalltotheside.thenewbuildingvolumewascarefullydesignedtoprovideasymmetricalcompletiontotheinternalcourtyardandtorecedefromthelineoftheretainedwall.thebuildingstrategywasdiscussedandagreedwiththeplanningauthorityconservationofficer.thenewwingsconnecttheexistingbuildingstothenewfourstoreyrearmewsbuildinginasynthesisofoldandnew.Anewlineofclerestoreywindows,positionedabovethequeen’swall,integratetheoldandnewpavilionsunderamodernglazedcornice.thenewbuildingconfrontstherearoftheexistingbuildingswithasingleopening,acolossallyproportionedversionofthetraditionalGeorgianwindowthatspeakstotheoriginalacrossthecourtyardandplaysaknowinggameofscale.thecurrentusesofthebuildingsareofficeuseforno.33andthetwonewlowerrearfloors,withhoteluseforno.34andthethreenewupperrearfloors,inaninterlockingarrangement.
thefirstphasecomprisedrefurbishmentworkstothefrontbuildingsconsistingoftherebuildingofthetopfloorandroofofno.33,includingthecompletereinstatementoffloors,walls,ceilings,doorsandwindows,andthecleaningandre-pointingofallfacadestono.33andno.34.no34remainedinuseasahotelthroughouttheworks.
Duringphasetwothequeen’swallwasstabilisedandproppedtoallowtheexcavationworksforthenewbuildingstotakeplace.the
newbuildingisfacedinbrickandlimemortarwithcopperwallandroofcladdingtothecourtyard.thequeen’swallwascarefullysurveyedandrestoredusingRomancementplastertomatchtheoriginal.
lessons
thebuildingsofthecitypossessmanygradationsofvalue.Itisuniversallyunderstoodthatthemonumentsandmajorpublicbuildingsmustberetainedandcherished,butthesolid,moreordinarybuildingsthatprovideabackgroundfortheseset-piecesareprofoundlyaffectedbycircumstantialissuesoffashion,economicsandtiming.thiscanrenderthemvulnerabletopredatoryforces,butasitisthesebuildingsthatprovideacitywithitsessentialcharacter,theircontinuousincrementalimprovementisprobablyasimportantasthegrandurbangestures.
thisprojectdealtwiththerehabilitation,adaptationandreuseoftwoordinarybuildingsandone
[1]
[3]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
124
ADAPtIVeReUse
extraordinarywall;awallthat,liftedbydecorationfromthemerelyfunctional,makesaplaceoutofasidestreetandanelevationfromverylittle.thischaracterwasretainedandamplifiedbytherestorationofthestrongsurfacemodellingandbythecarefulcontrolofthenewworksinrelationtothesidestreetandwall.thesenewworkswerelimitedtoanewglasscorniceandaminoropening,withthenewfourstoreyvolumerecessedbehindandrelatingmainlytotherearlane.
thenewworksweredesignedtobe‘loosefit’;theyhadnopre-determineduseduringconstructionandwerereadytobecomeapartments,officesorcommercialspaces.InthissensetheycouldbeconsideredtobeanalogoustotheGeorgianroomtypology,thatmostusefulandflexiblecivicbuildingblock.
[1] thetaskwastoinsertamodernbuildingoffourstoreysoverdoublebasementstocombinewiththerefurbishedGeorgianbuildingsandamonumentalsidewalltoprovideanefficientlayoutformarketablespace
[2] thearchitecturalchallengeofthebrieflayinknittingtogethertheoldandnewpartstoproduceacoherentwholethatsimultaneouslyaddressedthedifferingfront,sideandrearurbancontexts
[3] theend-of-terracepairofLateGeorgianbuildingswereinverypoorcondition,withno.33,theendbuilding,beinginanadvancedstateofdereliction
[4] newworkswerelimitedtoanewglasscorniceandaminoropening,withthenewfourstoreyvolumerecessedbehindandrelatingmainlytotherearlane
[5] Planshowingtherelationshipofnewtoold
[6] thisprojectdealtwiththerehabilitation,adaptationandreuseoftwoordinarybuildingsandoneextraordinarywall
[4]
[5] [6]
Many civic improvements were undertaken for Queen Victoria’s visit to Dublin in April 1900. The side wall at 33 Gardiner Street Lower is one such project. It has now been restored to commemorate a private gift to public grandeur.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—125124
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
126
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:MCCULLoUGHMULVInARCHIteCts
CYRILsWeettqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
BARRettMAHonYConsULtInGenGIneeRs
MCARDLeMCsWeeneYAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
client:FInGALCoUntYCoUnCIL
date:2006-2009
context
thisprojectforgesameaningfulsynthesisbetweenoldandnewthroughthemakingofalibraryinadisusedchurchinasmalltownbythesea.
Veryoftenthesearethebuildingsthatcanbestprovideafocusfortheanimationorcreationofpublicspaces,largelybecauseofthecollectivememoriesandassociationsthathavegrownuparoundtheirusebysuccessivegenerations.thismakestheretentionofthespecialinterestofsuchstructuresofparamountimportancewhenadaptingthemtonewrequirements.
stMaur’sChurchdominatesthevillagegreenatthewesternedgeofRush,atownthatisessentiallyonelongstreetwithoutalegiblecentre.thechurch,builtin1835,wasdeconsecratedinthe1980sbutremainedinuseasoneofthetown’sfewpublicbuildings,initiallyservingasalocalartscentreuntil2007,whentechnicalproblemswiththebuildingfabriccalledforacomprehensivereassessmentofitsfuturebytheowners,FingalCountyCouncil.theCouncil’splanwastoretainasmallartscentre,whileprovidingRushwiththelibraryitneverhadandameetingplaceforthetown’smanyclubsandsocieties.thenewlibrarywasalsointendedtoanchorthecommunity’sculturalquarteraroundChapelGreen,whichincludestheruinsofawindmill,ayouthcentreandasmalltheatre.
Adaptive Reuserush liBrary
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—127126
challenge
thechallengewastoinvestigatetheexistingstructure,aprosaiccontainerofspace,readyforchange,withaparticularconcernfortherescueandrepairofsomeratherordinarymaterialsandtomakeadistinctivemoderninterventiontosupportthenewuses.thedesignteamwasalsoonthelookoutforevidenceofanearlier,eighteenthcenturyPenalchurchthatwasbelievedtobeonthesite.
solution
thenewworksmightinsteadhavebeenanadditiontotheexistingstructurebutthearchitects,whohavewrittenwidelyonthepalimpsestictraditioninIrisharchitecture,rejectedthisapproachinfavourofprotectingthespecialinterestofthestructure.thismeantretainingthebuilding’sstatusasagenericurbanmonumentinthetownand,inoppositiontothezeitgeistwithitsrejectionoftheemotionalbaggageofIreland’sclericalpast,embracingstMaur’sbrutemonumentalityofformandhardnessofexternalfinishes.so,althoughthechurchhadoriginallybeenrenderedexternally,thisearlieralterationwasalsorespectedandretained.theonlychangestotheexternalappearanceofthestructureareintheformofsmallcluestothetransformation:aglowinglanternperchedontopofthebelfryandasculpturalpieceofsignage(ametalbook)ononegable,replacingamissingfinialcross.theroofwasrepairedusingnaturalslates,theGothicceilingcarefullycleaneddown,thesurvivingmonumentspiecedtogether,windowsreleaded,thetypicalwoodgraineddoorsandlobbiesconserved,thevalueof
ordinaryelementsofreligiouslifetakenasvaluableinthemselves.thearchitectscallthisexercising‘anabsenceofexcludingjudgement’,anattitudethatwaskeytoretainingthecharacteroftheplacetheyfound.
theinteriorwaspaintedwhiteonalimeplasterbase,luminous,aghostofitself,withafew,carefullyselected,smallsectionsleftbaretoexposetheunderlyingmaterial.theextensiveceilingvoidwasfilledwithplantand
[1]
Extending the active use of small public bulidings is vital to maintaining the social life of rural towns, particularly where the original function has ceased.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
128
ADAPtIVeReUse
insulation,thegroundfloorwithcablingandheatingservicesbutthewallswereleftalone.ArchaeologyrevealedtheplanofthePenalchurchbeneaththe19th-centuryfloor.theoldwallswereincorporatedintotheproject,visiblethroughglassinthefloorneartheentrance.thecruciformplanwasre-utilisedasanarmatureforthenew.thewestdoorremainedasthelibraryentrance;thechancel,strippedtoitsbrickworkcore,madeacolourfulfoundspaceforartatthenaturalfocusofthebuilding;andsecondaryfunctionswerelocatedinanetworkofsidechapelsandsacristies.Aconfessionalcubiclebecameaboothinwhichtolistentomusic.Likeagiantpieceofwalnutfurniture,playingonmemoriesofgalleriesinPenalchapels,thelibraryswellstofillthenavebutdoesn’timpingeonthecrossingspace,whichremainsopenforcollectiveuse.
lessons
theprojectinvolvedalayeredresponse,firstlybyrespectingandconservingtheexistingfabric,secondlybyharnessingthe‘sense’oftheexistingarchitectureandthirdlybymakinganinterventionthatformedspacesallowingalibrarytofunction,tobecompletedbybooks,furnitureandpeople.oldandnewarebothcherishedequallyandgainbytheirproximity,withexistingelementsoverlaidratherthanobliterated.thisworkisaboutmakingordinarypublicbuildingsinsmallcommunities,butitcontainsthepossibilityoffresharchitecturalexpressionthatcanbeparticular,ofteninsmallways,andyetmakeanhonourablepactwiththepast.
[1] theprojectinvolvedalayeredresponse;respectingandconservingtheoriginalfabricandmakingnewinterventionstoformspacesthatallowedthechurchfunctionasalibrary
[2] oldandnewarebothcherishedequallyandgainbytheirproximitywithexistingelementsoverlaidratherthanobliterated
[3] theonlychangestotheexternalappearanceofthestructureareintheformofsmallcluestothetransformation:aglowinglanternperchedontopofthebelfryandasculpturalpieceofsignageononegable
[2]
[3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—129128
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
130
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:DHBARCHIteCts
FRAnKFoXAnDAssoCIAtesConsULtAntenGIneeRs
LAWLoRAnDPARtneRsqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
RAMsAYCoXAssoCIAtes
sHeRIDAnAnDAssoCIAtesFIResAFetYConsULtAnts
MILIAtsAoUssIs-MADDoCKLAnDsCAPeARCHIteCts
client:DR.MARK+MRseDeLRoWe/tHeRoWe-CReAVInPRACtICe
date:2007-2009
context
thePresentationConvent,Waterford,wasdesignedbyA.W.n.Pugin.Itisanausterebuildingofgreatarchitecturalclarityandwasverycloselybasedonhisidealmonasteryplanasproclaimedinhis‘truePrinciples’.
originallylocatedinaruralenvironmentabouttwokilometresfromthecitycentre,itisnowsurroundedbysuburbandevelopmentandacomplexofprimaryandsecondaryschoolbuildings.thesitewasdividedupafteritssalebythePresentationorderin2005.thestill-undevelopedlandonthewesternsidewasacquiredbyWaterfordCityCouncil.theremainder,onwhichtheconventbuildingsits,includessufficientamountsofareatothewestandsouthsothattheoriginalsettingcanstillbeappreciated.thecurrenturbancontextincludestheadjoiningoldschoolbuilding,nowsolicitors’offices,andafunctioningprimaryschoolfromthe1940s.oppositeistherearofthestandtoWalshPark,thelocalGAAgrounds.
thebuildingisaprotectedstructurewitharatingofnationalimportance.thelocalauthority’splanningandconservationofficerswerecloselyinvolvedattheearlydesignandplanningstages,asweretheheritageadvisoryservicesofthethenDepartmentoftheenvironment,HeritageandLocalGovernment.
Adaptive ReuseWaterford health park
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—131130
challenge
thebriefcalledforarangeofcommunitymedicalfacilitiesaroundtheanchortenanciesofaGPpracticeandapharmacy.Itwasveryimportantthatthepractice’slocalclient-basewouldbehappytomovetothenewpremises,somucheffortwasfocusedoncreatinganattractivesocialspaceforwellbeing.therestorationofthebeautifulandimportantchapelwithitsintactroodscreenwasalsoapriority.
theforemostchallengeinthistypeofprojectalwaysrelatestotheinherentcontradictionintryingtotransformsomethingwhichhasaverypronouncedcharacter
withoutadverselyaffectingthatcharacter.Anotherchallengewasthetransformationofaclosed,monasticbuildingintoanopen,publicone.thisincludedtheneedtohaveaclearinternalorganisationalandspatialsequence,andtheneedtoopenuptothestreetandtothesurroundingcommunity.ontotheoriginallayerofmeaningisaddedanewlayerinresponsetothebuilding’schangedstatus.Itisnolongeraconventandschool,itisnowacommunityhealthfacility.onlytheminimumamountoffabricwasremovedinordertomaketheneworganisationallayoutclearandintelligibleandmanydifferentoptionswereconsideredastohowbesttoreusethishistoricfabricinatransformativeway.
solution
onlyminimalchangesweremadetotheinternalfabricoftheconvent,andmostofthesearereversible.Greatcarewastakentoensurethattheadditionsdidnotencroachontheimportantviewsofthewesternfaçade,oneofPugin’sfinestandmostsophisticated,sothatthebuildingcanstillbeunderstoodinitstraditionalcontext.thiswaspossiblebecauseofaclearseparationbetweenthetypesofusewhichtheexistingbuildingcouldaccommodate.theconsultationroomswere
locatedinthe‘cellular’layoutoftheexisting,whilenewstructures,thetwonewwings,accommodatethemoreheavilyservicedareasof‘non-compatible’usessuchasthephysiotherapyroomandthepharmacy.
themainphysicalchangestotheexistingbuildinginvolvedtakingdownthealready-alteredgabletoformanewreceptionspace;breakingthroughtheendwalltolinkittothecloister,andtheinsertionofanewstairsoffthecloisterforfiresafety.thisnewentranceaxisalsoextendsoutasfarastheslievekealeRoad,linkingtheHealthParktothemainrouteintothecityandthesurroundingresidentialareas,andsupportstheprinciplethatallnewaccessshouldbeopenandtransparent.thereceptionspacebecomesthehubfromwhichaccesstothepharmacy,theemergencyGPserviceortheconsultationroomsviathecloisterreceptionishandled.Alloftheseservicesarevisibleatpointofentry.theareatothefrontofthebuilding,wheremostofthesechangestookplaceisthelocationforthenewwingsformingtheurbanset-piecetothepublicdomain.
RemovedfabricsuchasthemasonryofthegabletostMary’swasreusedasthecladdingmaterialforthenewwings,butinawaythatmaximisedthequantities(eachstonewascut
[1]
[2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
132
ADAPtIVeReUse
inhalfthusdoublingtheamountofstoneavailable)whilemarkingthetransformativeprocessofthisreuse.thecut-faceofeachstonewasusedasthefinishedsidesothatdifferenceoftexture–forthesamematerial–becameanimportantelementintheappreciationofoldandnew.Almostallofthismaterialwasreusedonsite.
lessons
theopportunitiespresentedbythebuildingitselfwereusedtoemphasisecraftasawayofmakingacreativelinktothepast,by‘summoningupthespiritofthedeadworkman’toparaphraseJohnRuskin.theintroductionofcraftintothedesignprocessbecamecentraltothetenderandsitestagesandallowedgreaterflexibilitywhendealingwithissuesarisingonsite.Architects,especiallyintheconservationcontext,musttakeonthemantleofthepromotersandguardiansofcraft,requiringthemtoworkmorecloselywithcontractorsandtradespersonsatdetaileddesignstageandduringtheconstructionprocess.
[1] onlyminimalchangesweremadetotheinternalfabricoftheconvent,andmostofthesearereversible
[2] Greatcarewastakentoensurethattheadditionsdidnotencroachontheimportantviewsofthewesternfaçade,oneofPugin’sfinestandmostsophisticated,sothatthebuildingcanstillbeunderstoodinitstraditionalcontext
[3] Removedfabricsuchasthemasonryofthegabletost.Mary’swasreusedasthecladdingmaterialforthenewwings
[4] Amajorchallengewasthatoftransformingaclosedmonasticbuildingintoanopenpubliconewithconnectionstothestreetandthesurroundingcommunity
[3]
[4]
An open, collaborative approach in the early stages, particularly with the planning and conservation services of Waterford City Council and the then DOEHLG was one of the keys to the project’s success.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—133132
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
134
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:HenRYJ.LYonsARCHIteCts
BRUCesHAWPRoJeCtMAnAGeMentLtD.
ARUPConsULtInGenGIneeRs
VMRAConsULtInGenGIneeRs
ARtHURGIBneY
LInDsAYConseRVAtIonARCHIteCts
FeACFIResAFetYConsULtAnts
BILLInGsDesIGnAssoCIAtesLtD.
client:MAGennIsPRoPeRtYLtD.
date:2009
context
51-54PearsestreetaccommodatesthenewdesignstudiosofHenryJ.LyonsArchitectswithinanewsixstoreybuildingonatighturbansitewhichpreviouslyhousedHealy&sonsmetalworkshopandfoundry.
thebriefwastoprovidegenerousstudiospacetohousetheexpandedpracticeandadditionalsupportfacilitiesinabuildingwhichwouldpromotecollaborationanddialogue.thekeyobjectiveswereprovisionoflight,spaceandcommunicationbetweenoccupantsinanenvironmentallyresponsivebuilding.theseparametersledtothedevelopmentofabuildingwheredrawingstudios,meetingroomsandsocialspacesareorganisedaroundamodestbutdistinctiveatriumdesignedtobetheheartofthebuilding,butwhichalsoplaysavitalroleinthebuilding’ssustainabilitystrategy.thebuildinghasbeendesignedtoachieveanA3BeRratingandaBReeAMVeryGoodrating.
challenge
thedevelopmentinvolvedextensiverefurbishmentworkstotheprotectedstructures,builtinaneoclassicalstylec.1840toaccommodateahouse,workshopandoffices.thebuildingswereadaptedandalteredovertheyearsandanextensivestuccobaseandentablaturewereappliedtounifythethreebuildingsinc.1899.significantpartsofthefrontandrearfaçadeswererenderedinthemid-twentiethcenturyobscuringthelegibilityoftheterrace.Internallytheaccommodationwassetoutascellularofficestothestreetwithancillaryspacestotherear.thefrontroomshavevaryingdegreesofqualityrangingfromhighlyornateandexoticappliedstuccointhefirstfloorboardrooms,toveryplainandutilitarianroomsonthesecondfloor.theprotectedstructuresaredistinctiveintermsofbeingasurvivingexampleofabusinesspremisestypicalofthisstreetandsurroundingareas.
Adaptive Reusearchitect’s studio, pearse street
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—135134
solution
thedesignfullyutilisestheexistingentrances,cellularofficesandcirculationwaysoftheprotectedstructuresandintegratesthemwithanewcontemporarybuilding,withfivelargedrawingstudioslocatedtotherear.externally,thenewdesignpromotesthevisualunityoftheprotectedstructures,contributingto
theregenerationofthestreetscapewhilegivingexpressiontothenewbuildingtotherear.
theexistingdistinctiveentrancearchwayisusedasthemainentrancetothebuilding,leadingdirectlytothenewfourstoreyatrium.Asecondaryentranceisprovidedtothewestoftheprotectedstructures.theatrium,whichistraversedbylightsteelandtimberbridges,isthecentral
organisationalfeatureallowingforaneaseofcommunicationbetweenalllevelsandinparticularbetweentheoldbuildingandthenewextension.theatrium,withitsdistinctivelimewashed‘rear’façadeallowsthecharacterofthenineteenthcenturybuildingstopermeateandinfluencethecharacterofthenewstructuretotherear.newlifts,stairs,verticalrisers,sanitaryfacilitiesandserviceareaareprovidedinthenewfabricallowingforaminimallevelofinvasiveworkintheoriginalbuildings.
Anewfaçadeiscomposedoftherefurbishedprotectedstructuresandamodestnew5.5metreinfillsectiontothewestmatchingboththeexistingparapetinheightandtherhythmofthestreetinwidth.thenewinfillsection,withitspolishedstonelouvresinstalledoverafullyglazedfaçade,wasdesignedtoofferaglimpseofthecontemporarystructureandactivitytotherearandprovidetransitioninscaletothelargeradjoiningbuilding.
thefaçadesoftheexistingbuildingshavebeenrefurbishedbyremovingthenon-originalcementitiousrendertono.51andre-pointing
[1] [2]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
136
ADAPtIVeReUse
andrepairingthebrickworkwhichwasuncoveredbeneath.originalslidingsashwindows,doors,railings,granitecillsandotherfeatureswerecarefullyrepairedandrefurbished.thenorth,rearfaçadeofthenewbuildistotallyglazedbringingevenlighttothedrawingstudios.thisfacadeisanactiveelementofthebuilding’snaturalventilationsystemwithautomatedopeningsectionsallowingforcontrolledheating/coolingandventilation.theairdrawninthroughthefacadeisexpelledthroughhighlevelopeningsintheglazedroofoftheatriumwhichhasopenablesidesectionscreatinga‘stackeffect’regulatingairqualityandtemperaturechanges.
lessons
thelevelofinvasiveworkintheoriginalbuildingswasminimisedbyorganisingtheaccommodationtomakebestuseoftheirexistinglayout.
theoldandthenewareequallybalancedandsitcomfortablynexttoeachother,linkedacrossthecentralatriumwhichprovidescleararticulationbetweentherefurbishedprotectedstructuresandthemodernstudios,whilebringinglightandventilationintotheheartofthebuilding.theuseofasimplerestrainedmaterialspaletteincludingboardmarkedconcrete,oakandMDFjoinery,steelbalustradesandslidingscreenscomplementexistingmasonrywalls,paintedjoineryandlimerenderoftheoriginalbuildings.
[1] theoldandthenewareequallybalancedandsitcomfortablynexttoeachother,linkedacrossthecentralatriumwhichprovidescleararticulationbetweentherefurbishedprotectedstructuresandthemodernstudios
[2] theatrium,withitsdistinctivelimewashed‘rear’façadeallowsthecharacterofthenineteenthcenturybuildingstopermeateandinfluencethecharacterofthenewstructuretotherear.
[3] thefaçadesoftheexistingbuildingshavebeenrefurbishedbyremovingthenon-originalcementitiousrendertono.51andre-pointingandrepairingthebrickworkwhichwasuncoveredbeneath
[4] theexistingfrontroomshavevaryingdegreesofqualityrangingfromhighlyornateandexoticappliedstuccointhefirstfloorboardrooms,toveryplainandutilitarianroomsonthesecondfloor
[5] thedesignutilisestheexistingprotectedstructuresandintegratesthemwithanewcontemporarybuilding,withfivelargedrawingstudioslocatedtotherear
[3] [4]
[5]
The development integrates a terrace of three mid-nineteenth century protected structures with a contemporary extension formed about a new atrium, providing clear articulation between the existing and new fabric.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—137136
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
138
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:BoYDCoDYARCHIteCts
CAseYo’RoURKeAssoCIAtesConsULtnGenGIneeRs
client:PRIVAte
date:2010-2011
context
no.58issituatedatthecornerofJohnDillonstreetandHanoverLane,partofaterraceoffoursinglestoreyartisandwellingsconstructedbetween1899and1904intheLibertiesareaofDublin’sinnercity.originally,threeroomed,itsarchitectureissimpleindesign.thehouseisconstructedinbrickwitharenderedrearfaçade.Aflatroofedadditionwasconstructedinthe1970s,whichcontainedakitchenandbathroom.thisadditionoccupiedmostofthebackyard.thehousewasseriouslydilapidatedneedingcompleteupgradingandrefurbishment.
challenge
toconservetheurbanfabricandthecharacterofthestreet,thevolumetricintegrityoftheexistinghousewastoberetained.Internallyhoweverthedimensionswereveryrestrictive–theareaoftheexistinghousewasonly30m2–andtherewasaneedtoincreasethesizeandarrangementofitsrooms.
Adaptive ReuseBack yard, john dillon street, duBlin
The project demonstrates how the existing urban housing stock can be reinvented and adapted through innovative architectural design in order to sustain changing lives and communities in our inner cities.
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—139138
solution
Asthesimple,longandnarrowformofthehousewasliked,itwasdecidedtostepoutoftheexistingplantore-createtheback yardanduseitasinternalspace.Aseriesoflargerooflightsprovideanuninterruptedviewoftheskyandfloodthisspacewithnaturallightgivingtheoccupanttheperceptionthathe/sheisoutside.thisnewbackyardcontainsthediningarea,kitchenandbathroom.eachoftheseroomsisdividedfromthenextbysatinanodisedaluminiumcladdoorsandscreens.thehouseisenteredthroughoneoftheseviaanewfrontentrance,offHanoverLane.
themainservicesforthehouseareheldinalongblackboxwhichisplacedintheyard.FinishedinFormicaandpowdercoatedaluminium,itaccommodatesbanquetteseating,kitchenunits,thebath,thebinstoreandboilerultimatelyformingpartofthenewmodernfaçadeontoHanoverLane.Itisalsothemainsourceofartificiallightinthehouse.
thefloorandwallsofthenewback yard arefinishedinterrazzowithaggegrateschosentomatchthegranitecillsoftheexistinghouse.Mirrorshavebeenusedinvariouslocationstofurtherextendandexpandtheoccupants’perceptionofspace.
thefootprintoftheexistinghousecontainsthelivingarea,themasterbedroomandasecondbedroomorstudy.Allstorageisintegratedthroughthickeningthewallswithwardrobes.Alargechimney-breastwasremovedtoprovidemorefloorareabuttheexistingchimneywasretainedandsupportedabovetheceilinglinewithprovisionforitsfutureusewithagasstove.theinsulation,
[1]
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
140
ADAPtIVeReUse
blinds,mechanicalandelectricalservicingtotheseroomsareheldwithinanewthickinternalwhiteplasterboardliningtothehouse.
lessons
thisprojectattemptstomaketheordinaryextraordinary,adaptingasmallartisandwellingofthenineteenthcenturyintoalight-filledcontemporaryhome.Conservationandadaptationoftheexistinghousingstockcanbeinventiveandexciting.Asarchitects,wemustusethearchitectureofthepast,understandit,playwithit,buildinitandontoit,usingthemostuptodatedesignandtechnologiessoastore-inventitformodernlife.Wemustalsohoweverrecogniseandrespectitsinherentqualities.Ifwedo,wecanlinkbothsotheycomplementeachotherandworktogethertomakeanewarchitectureofinherentreciprocityandquality.
[2]
[3]
[4]
This project attempts to make the ordinary extraordinary, adapting a small artisan dwelling of the nineteenth century into a light-filled contemporary home.
[1] Aseriesoflargerooflightsprovideanuninterruptedviewoftheskyandfloodthisspacewithnaturallightgivingtheoccupanttheperceptionthathe/sheisoutside
[2] toconservetheurbanfabricandthecharacterofthestreet,thevolumetricintegrityoftheexistinghousewastoberetained
{3}thenewextensionis‘steppedout’totherearofthelong,narrowformoftheexistingplan
[4] Architect’sdrawingshowingthe‘layering’oftheexistingandnewelementsworkingtogethertomakeanewarchitecture
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—141140
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
142
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:ARCHIteCts–MCCULLoUGHMULVInARCHIteCts
BRenDAnMeRRY&PARtneRsqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
o’ConnoRsUttonCRonInstRUCtURALenGIneeRs
HoMAno’BRIenAssoCIAtes
client:BoARDoFDUBLInDentALHosPItAL
date:2007-2010
context
theprojecttookonfivecontiguoushousesincentralDublinandconvertedthemasoffices,seminarroomsandrooftoplibraryfortheDublinDentalHospital.thefivebuildingswereprotectedstructuresundertheDublin City Council Development Plan.FourwereessentiallyGeorgianwithlaterstreetfacades;onewasafivebayVictorianshopwithresidentialaccommodationoverhead–allhadundergonesignificantchangeandadjustmentthroughtheirliveswithamixofperiodandlaterdetail.Whiletheyretainedatypicalarrangementofplansseparatedbyspinewalls,therewerealreadysomehorizontallinkagesbetweenthem.thebuildingsweretypicalof‘ordinary’Dublinhouseswithinthecanalring.onehouse(no.2)hadabowedrearelevation,moresignificantdecorationandastaircasesetcentrallyintheplan.
challenge
technically,thefivehouseshadmanyoftheproblemsassociatedwithstructuresoftheirage,theresultofpoormaintenanceandadhocalterations;windowswereinpoorrepair,floorboardsmissing,alteredfireplaces,outbreaksofwetanddryrot.Inaddition,thebuildingswereavailablefromfirstflooruponly,therewasnomainentryatgroundlevel;otherusesandtenantsoccupiedthesespaces.Developingtheprojectwasaninterestingurbanchallenge,withtheavailabilityofsiteaccesstotherearavaluableasset.thebrief,andtheplanningprocess,requiredthebuildingstoberestoredcarefully;thefunctionrequiredthebuildingstobelinkedhorizontally,acharacteristicalreadyevidentintheotherDentalHospitalbuildingsonLincolnPlace.
Adaptive ReuseduBlin dental hospital
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—143142
solution
thehouseswereupgradedtomodernstandardsoffiresafety,insulationandaccessibilitybyverycarefulworkonthefabric,usingallmeanstoaddressdeficiencieswithoutdamagingoldermaterials,spacesorfinishes.thearchitectshadextendeddiscussionswiththeclientbodytodevelopaworkingfunctionalmodelforthehouses;thestructurewasexploredtoseeitspotentialtosupportadditionalaccommodation.theapproachwasacombinationofcarefulconservationwithstrongmoderninterventionintothefabric.
thefiveterracedhouses–apieceofcity,archaeologyandtypologycombined,wereupgraded,usingvoidsandfireplacesforservicesandretainingdoorsandoldermaterialsandsurfaceswherepossible.Wallswerestrippedofmoremodernplasterandpaper,insomeplacesthehistoricplasterworkwasexposedrevealingcoloursofanotherera–panelsofthisuncoveredplasterworkhavebeenleftasalitmusstripineachroomtoindicateatimeline.Inonelocationthelayeringofbrickworkwithtimbers
andnewconcretepadfootinghasbeenleftexposedtotellthestory,amodern-dayarchaeology.Foundelementssuchastimbercladdinghavebeenreusedintheroomswheretheywerediscoveredtocreateamodernviewonthetimberpaneledroom.Atimber-linedcorridorwascutthroughthefabriconthreelevels,withvoidsconnectingitupanddowntootherfloors.
therooftopwastransformedbytheadditionofdramaticnew‘pods’overlookingtrinityCollegecontainingalibraryandartdisplayspaces.theoverallstructuralprinciplereliesonthefivestructurestosupporttheroof-toppods.theirstrongcrosswallsformthefoundationsforthelightsteelstructure,theloadispinnedandembeddedintheexistingstructure,transferringthroughtheexcludedgroundfloor.steelsareinsertedstrategicallyandburiedwithinfloors;concretepadsarecarefullyembeddedintowalls.Wherechimneysarebraced,theboltedsteelplatesareexposed.Inthesamewaytherobustnessandstrengthofthefivestructuresallowsfortheweightofthislevelofradicalconservationand
[1]
[2]
[3]
The brief required the buildings to be restored carefully. The function required them to be linked horizontally.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
144
ADAPtIVeReUse
intervention.theyretaintheirintegritytothefront;thecantileveredpodsformanewlayerofquasi-industriallandscapetotherearstillechoingtheincrementofthefivebays.thebuildingsasacompositearesufficientlybig-bonedtosupportanalternativereading,fromfronttoback.
lessons
thelessonsoftheDentalHospitalprojectincluded:arealisationthroughexplorationofthepotentialbearingcapacityandstrengthofordinaryGeorgianterracehousesinthecontextofcloseandcarefulstructuralanalysis;thedeliveryofuniqueenvironmentsandspacesmadepossiblebyacarefuljuxtapositionofoldandnewwork;thevalueofacloseliaisonbetweenclientandarchitectinthedevelopmentofunusualstructures;theabsolutenecessityofcloseworkingwithsympatheticandinformedPlanningandFiredepartmentpersonnel.
[1] Atimber-linedcorridorwascutthroughthefabriconthreelevels,withvoidsconnectingitupanddowntootherfloors
[2] therooftopwastransformedbytheadditionofdramaticnew‘pods’overlookingtrinityCollegecontainingalibraryandartdisplayspaces
[3] thebrief,andtheplanningprocess,requiredthebuildingstoberestoredcarefullywhilethefunctionrequiredthebuildingstobelinkedhorizontally
[4] technically,thefivehouseshadmanyoftheproblemsassociatedwithstructuresoftheirage,theresultofpoormaintenanceandadhocalterations
[5] thearchitects’approachwasacombinationofcarefulconservationwithstrongcontemporaryinterventionsintotheexistingfabric
[4]
[5]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—145144
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
146
ADAPtIVeReUse
project teaM:HeALYPARtneRsARCHIteCts
DennAnYReIDYAssoCIAtesConsULtInGenGIneeRs
eDWARDCotteRPARtneRsHIPqUAntItYsURVeYoRs
Dono’MALLeYAnDPARtneRs
client:LIMeRICKMARKettRUstees
date:2010
context
theMilkMarket,constructedinthe1830sbythePeryfamily,islocatedontheoldcitywallatMungretGateinIrishtown.Marketsinthisareaofthecityareshowntobeestablishedinthe1790’s,includingtheHayMarket,PigMarket,LinenHall,ButterMarket,CornmarketandMilkMarket.
thismarketdistrictrequiredreorganisationandamanagementstructurewhichledtotheLimerickMarkettrustees(LMt)beingestablishedbyanActofParliamentin1852.Althoughinitiallysuccessful,theyenteredexaminershipin1898andmarketsbegantofailonebyoneuntilonlytheMilkMarketsurvived.Itcontinueduptothe1960’sbutthebuildingfabricfellintodisrepairandeventuallyruin.
In1988,theLMtemergedfromexaminershipandaprocessofrefurbishmentofthecourtyardandbuildingsbegan.Amajorrestorationprojectwascompletedin1993underthedirectionofMurrayo’LaoireArchitectsandasaturdaymorningmarketwasre-establishedwiththecourtyardoperatingasasurfacecarparkduringtheweek,generatinganincomethatwastosubstantiallyfinancethenextphaseoftheproject.
challenge
In2007thetrusteesengagedinaprocesstoseehowthemarketscouldfurtherdevelop.theirobjectivewastobroadenwhatwasofferedattheMilkMarket.theirkeyideawasfor‘readytoeat’highqualityfoodstallsextendingavisitfromabriefmarketshoptoasocialexperience.
Itwasalsorecognisedthatthedevelopmentcouldserveasacatalystforregenerationofthisneglectedquarterofthecity.thedesignsolutionhadtobefunctional,economicandiconicrelativetothescaleofLimerick.themarketalsohadtobeall-weatherandopen.
therewereanumberofconstraintstobeconsideredaspartofthearchitecturalsolution.FirstlytheMilkMarketbuildingsareprotectedstructuresandsecondlythesitecontainstheremainsoftheoldcitywall,anationalmonument.
Adaptive Reusethe Milk Market, liMerick
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—147146
solution
thedesignsolutionwasalargetwentyfourmetrehigh‘umbrella’overthecourtyard,astrongverticalinterventionwhichwouldalsodefinethemarketlocationonboththeskylineandthemainapproachroutesfromtheretailcoreofthecity.
thedesignhasdeliveredamoderninterventionusingsimpledetailing,achievinganappropriatecontrasttothedetailofthemarketbuildings.themainelement,atensilestructure,iscarriedbyaneccentricallyalignedmastwhichmaximisesthecoverofthecourtyardaswellasaccommodatingapavilionbuilding,whilerespectingthescaleoftheoriginaltwostoreybuilding.thefourcornersofthetensile
structurearesupportedbyinclinedstruts,suspendedandstablisedbytwotensiontiesperstrut.themembraneisstressedbetweenthesteelheadringsuspendedbysteelcablesfromthecentralmastandfourcatenarycablesspanningapproximatelyforty-fivemetersfromonecornertotheother.
Allvehicleshavebeenremovedfromthecourtyardduringtrading,withtrafficonlypermittedduringstallsetupandclosing.thenewtrafficcirculationisdefinedbygranitecobblesrunningbetweenthetwogatesservingthecourtyard.Granitecobblesarealsousedtodelineatethelineofthecitywall.theremainingcourtyardsurfaceisapolished
concreteusingvariedaggregateandgreenglassprovidingaqualityanddurablefinish.
Fivepermanentunits,offeringfoodandbeverages,areaccommodatedinthesinglestoreypavilionwithaneatingandexhibitionareaonamezzanineoverhead.Whenclosed,thepavilionreadsasatimberboxwithinthecourtyard.theremainingareasarelaidouttoaccommodateuptofifty-twotradingstalls,anoverallincreaseoftwenty-onestallsfromtheoriginalmarket.
lessons
sincetheinterventions,customernumbershavedoubledandthemarkethasextendeditsopeningtimes.Italsoaccommodatesmonthlyartandcraftmarkets,aChristmasmarketaswellaseventsandconcerts.Duringtheseevents,thefoodtradersalsooperate.Ithasprovidedthecitywithavenuethatcansupportoutdooreventsirrespectiveoftheweatheranditssuccessshouldalsoactasastimulusforfurtherurbanregenerationofthisimportantpartofthecity.
[1]thetensilestructureiscarriedbyaneccentricallyalignedmastwhichmaximisesthecoverofthecourtyardaswellasaccommodatingapavilionbuilding
{2] thedesignsolutionwasalarge’umbrella’overthecourtyardtodefinethemarketlocationontheskyline
[3] sincetheinterventions,customernumbershavedoubledandthemarkethasextendeditsopeningtimes
[4] Floorplan:theenclosedcourtyardcontainsatimber-cladpavilionwithaneatingandexhibitionspaceonitsroof
[1]
It was recognised that the development could serve as a catalyst for regeneration of this neglected quarter of the city.
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
148
ADAPtIVeReUse
[2]
[4]
[3]
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—149148
thomasstreet–ImprovingthePublicFaceofanHistoricCityCentrestreetDublin Civic Trust for Dublin City Council; 2012
theDublinstreetsProjectDublin City Council and Dublin Civic Trust; 2012
LaoisCountyDevelopmentPlan2012-18Laois County Council; 2012
YourCityYourspace;DublinPublicRealmstrategyDublin City Council; 2011
economicValueofIreland’sHistoricenvironmentEcorys / Fitzpatrick Associates for The Heritage Council, 2011
AbbeyleixsustainableCommunitiesPlanLoci, Áit, de Blacam & Meagher for The Department of Arts, Heritage & the Gaeltacht and Abbeyleix Business & Community Development Forum; 2011
theVikingtriangle,WaterfordCityCentreColliers International for Fáilte Ireland and Waterford City Council, 2011
Capelstreet&theCityMarkets–AWayForwardDublin Civic Trust for Dublin City Business Association and Capel Street Business Association; 2010
DraftingoftheVeniceCharter:historicaldevelopmentsinconservationProf. Andrea Pane, ICOMOS Ireland; 2010
newDesigninHistoricsettingsHistoric Scotland; 2010
CapelstreetArchitecturalConservationAreaDublin City Council; 2009
onAlteringArchitectureFred Scott, Routledge, 2009
thomasstreet&environsArchitecturalConservationAreaDublin Civic Trust for Dublin City Council; 2009
theLibertiesLocalAreaPlanJohn Thompson & Partners with Metropolitan Workshop for Dublin City Council; 2009
GovernmentPolicyonArchitecture2009-2015towardsasustainableFuture:DeliveringqualitywithintheBuiltenvironmentDepartment of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2009
ConservationPrinciples–PoliciesandGuidanceforthesustainableManagementoftheHistoricenvironmentEnglish Heritage; 2008
theLeipzigCharteronsustainableeuropeanCitiesEuropean Member States; 2007
theWaterfordGatewayInnovationFundBidWaterford City Council; 2007
HealthImpactsoftheBuiltenvironmentInstitute of Public Health; 2006
KilkennyLocalAreaPlanO’Mahony Pike Architects; 2005
sligoCourthouseBlockUrbanDesignFrameworkPlanNational Building Agency, Sligo Borough Council, Sligo County Council; 2005
ArchitecturalHeritageProtectionGuidelinesforPlanningAuthoritiesDepartment of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht; 2011
BuilttoLast–thesustainableReuseofBuildingsThe Heritage Council, Dublin City Council; 2004
AHistoryofArchitecturalConservationJukka Jokilehto; 2002
nationalspatialstrategyDepartment of the Environment and Local Government; 2002
BuildinginContext–newDevelopmentinHistoricalAreasEnglish Heritage, Cabe; 2001
theCharterofKrakow–PrinciplesforConservationandRestorationofBuiltHeritageInternational Conference on Conservation; 2000
thePlanningandDevelopmentActs2000-2010
WestportPlan2000,anIntegratedActionPlanforWestportWestport Urban District Council; 1997
CorkHistoricAreaActionPlanCork Corporation and Urban Initiatives; 1994
templeBarFrameworkPlanGroup 91; 1991
theWashingtonCharterfortheConservationofHistorictownsandUrbanAreasInternational Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS);1987
BIBLIoGRAPHY
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
150
theGranadaConventionfortheProtectionoftheArchitecturalHeritageofeuropeCouncil of Europe;1985
theIntegrationofModernArchitectureinoldsurroundingsInternational Union of Architects, International Council for Monuments and Sites in collaboration with Europa Nostra; 1974
Historictowns-PreservationandChangeMinistry of Housing and Local Government; 1967
theVeniceCharterfortheConservationandRestorationofMonumentsandsitesInternational Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS);1964
theAthensCharterInternational Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS);1931
theModernCultofMonuments:ItsCharacterandItsoriginAlois Riegl; 1903
nationalInventoryofArchitecturalHeritage www.buildingsofireland.ie
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—151150
Áit
BasedinDublin,Áitisanurbanismandlandscapedesignpracticewithovertwelveyearsexperienceonawidespectrumofprojects;frommasterplanningnewurbanneighbourhoods,transportinterchangesandindustriallandstooverseeingtheimplementationofhardandsoftlandscapeworksonavarietyofprojects.PrincipalDaibhíMacDomhnaillhastaughtonthelandscapearchitectureprogrammeatUniversityCollegeDublinandhaswrittenforandeditedLandscapeIreland.
www.ait-place.ie
Box architecture
sinceconceptionin1997,thecompanyhasbeenestablishedasaleadingdesignpractice,havingwonelevenIrishnationalAwardstodate.qualityhasremainedthefocusofBoxthroughoutandthishasbeenemployedtoavarietyofprojectsincludingurbanschemes,apartmentunits,award-winningprivatecommissions,corporateoffices,crechesandhousingdevelopments.thesuccessofBoxArchitectureisachievedthroughapersonalapproachtounderstandingclientneeds.Withahands-onapproach,technicalexpertise,creativeexecutionandacommitmenttocontinuededucation,thecompanyappliesaphilosophyofthehighestprincipleinordertocontributetoasustainablefutureandmaintainqualityarchitecture.
www.box.ie
Boyd cody architects
BoydCodyArchitectsisadesign-ledpracticewhichbeganasapartnershipformedin1997innewYork.thetwodirectors,DermotBoydandPeterCodystudiedtogetherandgraduatedfromtheDublinInstituteoftechnologyin1990.IntheinterveningperiodtheybothspentanumberofyearsineuropeandtheUnitedstatesgainingvaluableacademicandprofessionalexperiencebeforereturningtoIreland.theirsharedvisionandinterestincontemporaryarchitecturalandurbancultureistheprincipalmotivatingforcebehindthepractice.eachprojectisviewedasameanstoexploreandrealisearchitecture’sfulldesignandurbanpotential.
www.boydcodyarch.com
de BlacaM + Meagher
deBlacamandMeagherhasestablishedapre-eminentpositioninarchitectureineurope.Itisenthusiasticallydedicatedtoserviceofclientsandtocompletionofbuildingsofmajorsignificance.thepracticeisprimarilyconcernedwiththemakingofsimplebuildingsandwiththeemploymentofbeautifulmaterialstogivequality,permanenceandsignificancetothework.Aswellasthedesignofexcellentnewbuildings,thepracticepossessesparticularexpertiseinrestorationandconservationwork,interior,furnituredesignandexhibitiondesign.
www.deblacamandmeagher.com
denis Byrne architects
Formedin1998,DenisByrneArchitectsisaDublin-baseddesignpracticespecialisingintheproductionofcontemporaryworksofarchitectureandrelateddisciplines.thepractice’sworkmaybeseenthroughoutIrelandonbothurbanandruralaward-winningconstructionprojects,fromthe‘HouseintheField’inCoWestmeathtothe‘CigarBox’apartmentsandoffices,incentralDublin.sincetheformationofthepractice,thescopeofprojectshasbroadenedconsiderablytoincludemasterplanning,landscapedesign,urbandesign,furnitureandinteriordesign,allpursuedwithintheparametersoflargerenvironmentalandsocialconcerns.
www.denisbyrnearchitects.ie
dhB architects
dhbArchitectsisadesign-drivenarchitecturalpracticebasedinWaterfordcity.Itsdirectors,FintanDuffy,MáireHenryandHarryBenthaveextensiveexperienceinIreland,FranceandFinlandhavingworkedwithworld-renownedpracticessuchasJuhaniPallasmaa,RenzoPianoBuildingWorkshopandMarcelBreuerAssociates,innearlyeverysphereofarchitecturaldesignandpractice.Projectexperienceincludeshigh-densityresidential,culturalbuildings,sustainablehousing,communityprojectsandhealthcare.sinceitsinceptionin2004,thepracticehasbeendevelopingareputationforhigh-qualityinterventionsinconservationcontexts.ItsworkhasbeenrecognisedbothinIrelandandinternationally.
www.dhbarchitects.ie
PRACtICePRoFILes
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
152
donaghy and diMond architects
FoundedinDublin’sLibertiesbyWillDimondandMarcusDonaghyin2001,thepracticeisdedicatedtomakingrobust,endurableandsustainablebuildings.overthepastdecade,DonaghyandDimondhavewonseveralAAIandRIAIAwardsandpublishedwidely.Bothprincipalsarepart-timelecturersinUCD’sschoolofArchitecture.thepracticeisbuiltonknowledgeandexperience:ofsustainablepractice;hands-onconstruction;continuingeducation;designresearch;andapprenticeshipsservedinpracticescommittedtoexcellenceinarchitecture.thepracticehasparticularskillsinconservation,energyupgradesandpassivehousedesignandwasnominatedfortheBsIInternationalArchitectureAwardforenvironmentallysustainablepracticein2012.
www.donaghydimond.ie
duBlin city council
DublinCityCounciliscommittedtousingdesigntoimprovetheattractiveness,liveabilityandsustainabilityofourbuiltenvironmentinitsrolesasplanningauthority,managerofpublicspacesandbuildingsandthroughitsownconstructionprojects.DublinCityArchitectsisresponsibleforpromotingdesignandprovidingarchitectural,urbanandconservationdesignservicestoDublinCityCouncil.theofficedesignsandcommissionsawiderangeofconstructionprojectsandaimstoachievethehigheststandardsforthepeoplewhouseourbuildings.thequalityoftheworkproduced
canbeseenintherangeofawardswhichmanyoftheseschemeshavereceived.
www.dublincity.ie
fkl architects
FKLArchitects,establishedin1998byMichelleFagan,PaulKellyandGaryLysaght,iscommittedtopractice-basedresearch,environmentallyawaredesignandtheapplicationofabstractideastobuiltform.thepractice’sexperiencecoversanextensiverangeofprojecttypesfromprivatetopublicanddomestictocommercial.thisdiversityofprojects,fromsmallscaletomasterplanning,enablesatandemfocusondetailandstrategy.FKLconceived,curatedanddesignedtheIrishentryforthe2006VeniceBiennale,subUrbantosuperRural,ontheissueofsprawl.
www.fklarchitects.com
group 91
Intheautumnof1991,Group91ArchitectswonthetempleBarFrameworkPlancompetitionandwereawardedthecommissionofmakingnewpublicspacesandsurroundingbuildingsasproposedintheircompetitionentry.WithinGroup91,therewereeightpracticesandthirteenarchitects:shayCleary,YvonneFarrell,Johntuomey,sheilao’Donnell,PaulKeogh,RachaelChidlow,niallMcCullough,shelleyMcnamara,MichaelMcGarry,siobhanníeanaigh,shaneo’toole,ValerieMulvinandDerektynan.
healy partners architects
HealyPartnersArchitectsisbasedinLimerickCityandwasestablishedin1989.Itsearlyyearsfocusedonforgingareputationforgooddesignbeingdeliveredeffectivelyandeconomicallytosmallerprojects.thisapproachhasallowedthepracticetogrowinboththescaleofthecommissionsandinthestudioteamwhoworktoproduceinnovativeandeffectivedesignsolutions.thepracticehaswonnumerouslocalandnationalawardsincludingfiveIrishArchitectureAwards.Ithasdevelopedconsiderableexpertiseinawiderangeofbuildingtypesincludingresidential,offices,officeinteriorsandfitout,retail,education,healthcare,leisureandtourism,religiousandcommercialprojectsforadiverserangeofclientsbothpublicandprivate.
www.healypartners.com
henry j. lyons architects
establishedover90yearsago,HenryJ.LyonsArchitectsisadesign-ledpracticecommittedtothepursuitofexcellenceindesignandtotherealisationofbuildingprojectsthatrespondcreativelytosocial,communityandenvironmentalneeds.Coreservicesincludearchitecture,interiordesignandfitout,masterplanningandconservation.HenryJ.LyonsreceivedanumberofprestigiousdesignawardsincludingtheRIAIBestCommercialBuildingAward2010,theRIAIPublicChoiceAward2010andtheRIAIAccessibilityAward.thepracticehasofficesinDublinandCorkandhaspartnershipsinChina,LondonandtheUAe.
www.hjlyons.com
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—153152
jack coughlan associates
JackCoughlanAssociatesiscomposedoftwointeractivedisciplines.thefirstisanarchitecturalpracticeproducingcontemporarydesignsandthesecondaspecialistconservationsection.thereisadegreeofcrossoverwhichhelpsbothsectionstoworktogetherwherebothdisciplinesarerequired.thecombinationofbothrolesisbecomingthedirectioninwhichthepracticehasbeenmoving,ascontemporaryinterventionsbasedonafullunderstandingofexistinghistoricbuildingsandstructurescanbeundertakenwithconfidence.Award-winningprojectsincludetheConservationandConversionoftheoldCityWaterworkstoaMuseumandexhibitionAreaforCorkCityCouncilandtheFenn’squayproject,alsoinCork.
www.jca.ie
coady partnership architects
CoadyPartnershipArchitectsisadesign-drivenpractice,specialisinginworkspace,housing,educationandhealthcarebuildings.Coreskillsaremasterplanning,urbandesign,buildingdesignandbuildingconservation.CPAbringcreativityandimaginationtoeveryprojectthroughclientliaison,exploitationofopportunitiesofferedbysiteandsite,andintensecollaborationwiththeprojectteam–allfocusedondesignexcellence.
www.coady.ie
john thoMpson & partners
Johnthompson&Partnersisaninternationalplacemakingpractice,withextensiveexperienceofdeliveringsuccessfulprojectsforbothpublicandprivatesectorsthroughouttheUK,europe,China,RussiaandtheMiddleeast.thepracticeusesparticipatorytechniquespioneeredandhonedovertwodecadestobuildcollaborativevisionsforprojectswiththeverypeoplewhowillgoontousethem.WithstudiosinLondon,edinburgh,shanghaiandBerlinthepracticeundertakesplacemakingprojectsateveryscale,fromcitiesandtowns,toneighbourhoods,streets,andthedesignofindividualbuildings.
www.jtp.co.uk
loci
Lociisanurbandesign,planningandarchitecturepracticewithextensiveexperienceintheareasofenvironmentalplanning,policyandpractice.thepracticeemphasisesamulti-disciplinaryapproachintheformulationanddevelopmentofbestpracticeguidelinesandspatialpolicyandhasprovidedformalguidancetokeystakeholdersinthepublicandprivatesectorssince2003.theprinciplesofResponsiveUrbanismareutilisedtodevelopframeworksforre-structuringexistingurbanareasthatareinneedofregeneration,aswellasnewsustainableplaces.Locialsoplaysanongoingroleinteachingurbandesignatthirdlevelandthroughtailoredlecturesandseminarsforprofessionalsworkinginthefieldofurbanism.
www.loci.ie
locuM consulting / colliers international
LocumisaspecialistdestinationdevelopmentandmanagementserviceprovidedbyColliersInternational.Colliersisadestinationconsultancy,dedicatedtodevelopingandpromotingtheartandscienceofdestinationmakingandprovidingleading-edgestrategic,operational,financialandplanningadvicetothedestinationsector.Informedbyresearch,internationalbestpracticeandexperience,thefirmoffersservicesateverystageoftheprojectlifecycle–fromdefiningthevision,objectives,conceptandproductmix;throughlocationassessment,marketforecasts,businessplanning,optionsappraisalandfeasibility;toinvestorandoperatorprocurement,management,marketinganddestinationbranding.
www.locumconsulting.com
Magee creedon kearns
MageeCreedonKearnsArchitectswasestablishedin1993.overtwentyyearsthepracticehasdesignedanddeliveredabroadrangeofbuildingtypesintheareasofnewbuild,refurbishment,reuseandconservation.theseprojectsbothfortheprivateandpublicsector,includemixeduseinnercityinfillsites,housing,crèches,schools,resourcecentres,officeworkshops,medicalclinics,sportsfacilitiesaswellastheIslandCrematoriuminCorkHarbour.thepracticehasbuiltareputationofbringinginnovationtoitsdesignsolutions,surpassingclientexpectations,whilemaintaininganarchitecturalclarityandqualityattractingnumerousawardsandcommendations.Presentlythe
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
154
practiceisengagedinamalgamatingan18thcenturyMeetingHousewiththeenglishMarketinCorkCitycentre.
www.mageecreedonkearns.com
Margaret Quinlan architects
MargaretquinlanArchitectswasestablishedin1985.Inadditiontodesigningcontemporarybuildings,thepracticehasdevelopedspecialisedbuildingconservationexpertisesincethe1990’s.MargaretholdsRIAIGrade1AccreditationinConservationandthepracticealsoholdsGrade1PracticeAccreditation.Projectshaverangedfromthepreparationofconservationplans,repairandrestorationofimportantmedievalandlatermonumentsforpublicbodiesandprivateclientstothesensitiveadaptationofoldbuildings.Contemporaryinterventionsinhistoricbuildingsisaparticularinterest.thepractice,whichalsoactsonaconsultancybasistootherarchitecturalpractices,isbasedinDublinandintheClonmelareaofthesouth-east.
Mccullough MulVin architects
McCulloughMulvinArchitectsisadesign-basedpracticebasedinDublin.theyhaveworkedonculturalandcivicbuildings,libraries,schoolsandinhealthcarethroughoutIreland,workingtodefineanewpublicrealminachangingsociety,designingprojectsfromthegroundormakingradicalandinnovativecontemporaryinterventionsintoexistingcontexts.PreviousprojectsincludetheUssherLibraryandtheLongRoomHubin
trinityCollege,WaterfordCityLibrary,BessboroChildandAdolescentPsychiatricHospitalinCork.RecentworksuchastheDublinDentalHospitalinnassaustreetchallengesperceivedideasabouthowthecityshoulddevelopandgrow.theworkofMcCulloughMulvinArchitectsisextendedbypublication,teachingandresearchinIreland,theUsAandeurope.
www.mcculloughmulvin.com
MckeVitt architects
McKevittArchitectshasbeenestablishedinDrogheda,Co.Louthforover35years.Inthattimethepracticehasbuiltupexpertiseandexperienceinawiderangeofbuildingsandbuildingtypesrangingfromsmalldomestictolargescalecommercial,industrial,residentialandeducational.Greatattentionispaidtoallthenecessarystepsindeliveringacompleteandsuccessfulproject;fromtheinitialconceptualisation,throughtheplanningandprocurementprocess,construction,andfinalcertification.
www.mckevittarchitects.ie
Michael collins associates
establishedin1988,MichaelCollinsAssociatesisanarchitecturalpracticeprovidingafullrangeofarchitectural,interiordesign,masterplanningandprojectmanagementservices.MCAisinvolvedinawiderangeofprojects,principallyintheareaofurbanrenewal,commercial,residential,educational,healthcare,leisureandbuildingsforthebloodstockindustry.Awarethatarchitecturecannotstand
stillbutmustrespondtothechangingneedsofmaninhisenvironment,MCA’sdesignphilosophyaccommodateschangeanddevelopmentandisbasedonsoundanalysisoffunctionalrequirementsandadesiretounderstandtheclient’sneeds.
www.mca.ie
Mitchell + associates
Mitchell+AssociatesisamultidisciplinarydesignpracticeincorporatingLandscapeArchitecture,UrbanDesign,ArchitectureandenvironmentalImpactAssessmentatitscore.thepracticewasfoundedin1988andoverthelast20yearshasestablisheditselfasaleadingdesignpractice.Withthismulti-disciplinaryapproachtodesignissues,thepracticedevelopscoherent,integrateddesignstrategiesforprojectsinabroadrangeofurban,ruralandnaturalcontextsbringingadepthofunderstandingandexpertiseinissuesthatdetermineenvironmental,economicandsocialsustainabilitytoallprojects.
www.mitchell.ie
national Building agency
establishedbyGovernmentasasemi-statebodyin1960,thenationalBuildingAgencywasamulti-disciplinary,professionaldesignandconstructionconsultancypracticeprovidingservicestobothpublicandprivatesectorclients.ItundertookspecifictasksinsupportofvaryingpoliciesofGovernmentinhousing,urbanrenewal,andotherconstruction
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—155154
relatedactivities.Italsoundertookprojectsonanentirelycommercialbasiseitheronitsownoronajointventurebasiswithlocalauthoritiesor/andprivatedevelopers.AspartoftheamalgamationofanumberofstateHousingAgenciestheoperationalactivitiesofthenationalBuildingAgencyhavetransferredtotheHousingAgency.
www.nba.ie
o’Briain Beary architects
BasedinDublin,o’BriainBearyArchitectswasestablishedin2000.thepracticefocusesonpublicbuildingsandhealthcareprojects,withcompletedprojectsinrecentyearsincludingthenewGardastationatLeixlip,refurbishmentoftheentranceHallandofficesatDunLaoghaireRathdownCountyHall,andfivediagnosticclinicsforeuromedic.ProjectsunderconstructionincludethenewAcutePsychiatricUnitinBeaumontHospital,st.Joseph’sDayHospital,RahenyandstonebridgeResourceCentre,shankill.MichaelBearyisamemberoftheRIAIexamBoardandlecturesintheRIAIProfessionalPracticeCourse.esmondeo’BriainhastaughtintheschoolofArchitectureatUCDandisamemberoftheRIAIHealthcareDesignCommittee.
www.obriainbeary.ie
o’donnell + tuoMey architects
establishedin1988,o’Donnell+tuomeyhavebeeninvolvedwithurbandesign,culturalandeducationalbuildings,housesandhousingprojects
inIreland,thenetherlandsandtheUK.theworkofthepracticehasbeenwidelypublishedandexhibitedandwonmorethan50awards,includingtheRIAIGoldMedalin2005and7AAIDownesMedals.shielao’DonnellandJohntuomeyhavetaughtattheschoolofArchitectureinUCDsince1980andalsoasvisitinglecturersinmanyschoolsineurpoeandAmerica.JohntuomeyisProfessorofArchitecturalDesignatUCD.In2010theywereelectedasHonoraryFellowsoftheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.theAnGaelarasprojectandtheLyrictheatreprojectwerebothfinalistsfortheRIBAstirlingPrize.
www.odonnell-tuomey.ie
o’Mahony pike
o’MahonyPikeArchitectsisanarchitectureandurbandesignmasterplanningconsultancywithofficesinDublin,CorkandLondon.establishedin1992,thepracticefocusesonhumanecontemporarydesignthatisinnovativeyetfunctional,sustainableyeteconomicalandelegantyetrespectful.significantemphasisisplacedondeliveringvalueforclientsandonnurturinglongtermworkingrelationships.overtheyearsthepracticehasacquiredextensiveexperienceinthedesignanddeliveryoflargescaleResidential,MixedUseandCommercialdevelopmentsandalsooperatessuccessfullyintheHealthcare,educationandLeisuresectors.oMPhasconcentratedontheemergingpracticeofUrbanDesignandhavecompletedmulti-disciplinarymasterplansranginginscalefromcityextensionsanddistrictregenerationproposalstotownscapestudies,areaactionplansandurbaninfillprojects.
www.omparchitects.com
opW architectural serVices
oPWArchitecturalservicesisthepremierstatearchitecturalpractice,andprovidesthefullrangeofarchitecturalservicesinconnectionwiththeportfolioofexistingstateproperties,historicandcontemporary,andwithnewconstructionprojects,bothdirectlyforthestateandforbodiespromotedorassistedbythestate,asinthecaseoftheHeritageCouncilHeadquarters.
www.opw.ie
paul keogh architects
sincetheformationofPKAin1984,PaulKeoghArchitectshasacquiredareputationfordesignexcellenceandthehigheststandardsofprofessionalservice.theworkofthepracticespansthebreadthofdesigndisciplinesarchitecture,interiorsandurbandesignandincludescommissionsofeveryscale,fromsmallone-offprojectstomajorpublicworks.Withanextensiveportfolioofcompletedbuildings,projectsandawards,PKAhasestablisheditselfasoneoftheleadingfirmsofarchitectsinIrelandtoday,withanacknowledgedexpertiseacrossawiderangeofworkincludingurbandesign,housing,education,culture,civicandretaildesign.
www.pka.ie
shaffrey associates
shaffreyAssociateswasestablishedin1967byPatrickandMaurashaffrey.thepracticehasundertakenarchitectural,urbandesignandplanningprojectsthroughoutIreland
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
156
andpossessesawideknowledgeofIrishtownsandcities.Architecturalworkincludestheconservation,adaptationandextensionofhistoricbuildingsandnewbuildingsinexistingurbansettings.Urbandesignandplanningpracticecentresontheintegrationofnewandexistingurbanfabricandpublicspacestofacilitatesocialandphysicaldiversity.theprinciplesofsustainablebuildinganddevelopmenthavealwaysinformedtheworkofthepracticeandrecentprojectshelptofurtherexplorethisimportantaspectofarchitectureandplanning.
www.shaffrey.ie
solearth
solearthArchitecture,foundedin1998,isaprofessionalarchitecturepracticeattheforefrontofinnovativesustainabledesigninIreland.ItisacollaborativepartnershipbetweenBriano’BrienandMikeHaslam,twoarchitectswhoarepassionateaboutecologyandarchitecture.environmentalsustainabilityhasbeenthecoreofthepracticephilosophysince1998withthepracticebeingfortunateenoughtohavedesignedmanyofIreland’sexemplargreenprojects,manyofwhichhavereceivedawardsandboastsatisfiedusers.solearthdesignnewandrenovatedbuildingstoservecommunity,cultural,institutionalandeducationalfunctionsandthepracticehasaparticularinterestinurbanreuse,interpretation,contemplationandreflectionandchildcentredprojects.
www.solearth.com
urBan initiatiVes
UrbanInitiativespresentsauniqueinnovativeapproachtourbandesign,transport,regenerationanddevelopment,infocusingonthecomplexinteractionbetweenlanduse,movement,networksandthefundingandimplementationprocess.Foundedin1989,UrbanInitiativeshasdevelopedintooneoftheUK’sleadingurbanplanninganddesignconsultancies,withahighlysuccessfultrackrecordindeliveringachievablesolutionsforbothpublicandprivatesectorclients.thepracticeoperatesacrossthefullplanningspectrumfromthestrategicconcernsatmetropolitan,cityanddistrictleveltothespecificproblemsatlocalarea,streetandbuildingscales,andinadiversityofrolesfromtheoverallstrategythroughtoconceptualdesign,technicalresolution,economicappraisalandimplementation.
www.urbaninitiatives.co.uk
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
—157156
PHotoCReDIts
Page Image
1 F22Photography2 HealyPartners5 1 F22Photography6 1 ChristianRichters10 JackCoughlan
Associates12 4 MageeCreedon
Kearns14 AliceClancy16 1 AliceClancy18 RKDArchitects20 1 Donaghy+Dimond
Architects21 3 theDigitalHub22 1 ProjectArchitects23 2 Derektynan24 ChristianRichters28 BillHastings31 2 BillHastings31 4 Derektynan
Architects34 4 WestportUrban
DistrictCouncil34 2 simonWall35 3 simonWall36 1 Murrayo’Laoire
Architects42 WaterfordViking
triangleInitiative44 1 WaterfordCity
Council45 3 WaterfordCity
Council47 1 PeterCook48 1 PeterCook49 2 PeterCook51 1 RosKavanagh52 1 national
MonumentsservicePhotographicUnit
53 2 F22Photography54 o’Donnell+tuomey
Architects56 1 o’Donnell+tuomey
Architects57 3 o’Donnell+tuomey
Architects57 4 o’Donnell+tuomey
Architects58 DublinCivictrust60 1 deBlacam+Meagher60 2 MacInnes
Photography60 3 deBlacam+Meagher61 4 deBlacam+Meagher
Page Image
62 RosKavanagh64 2 RosKavanagh65 4 RosKavanagh66 PeterCook68 1 PeterCook68 2 PeterCook69 3 PeterCook69 5 deBlacam+Meagher70 JohnRoche74 national
MonumentsservicePhotographicUnit
76 1 nationalMonumentsservicePhotographicUnit
76 2 nationalMonumentsservicePhotographicUnit
76 3 LoughlinKealy77 5 national
MonumentsservicePhotographicUnit
78 RosKavanagh80 1 RosKavanagh81 2 solearth81 4 solearth82 Paultierney84 1 Paultierney84 2 Paultierney85 4 Paultierney85 5 FKL86 F22Photography88 1 F22Photography88 2 JackCoughlan
Associates89 4 F22Photography90 stephenFarrell92 1 stephenFarrell93 2 stephenFarrell93 3 stephenFarrell93 4 stephenFarrell94 Paultierney96 1 o’BrianBeary97 5 DublinCityCouncil98 Gerryo’Leary100 1 Gerryo’Leary101 2 MichaelCollins
Associates101 3 Gerryo’Leary101 4 MichaelCollins
Associates102 DennisGilbert103 1 DennisGilbert104 1 DennisGilbert
Page Image
105 2 DennisGilbert105 4 Donaghy+Dimond106 F22Photography108 1 MageeCreedon
Kearns109 3 F22Photography109 4 F22Photography111 1 Box112 1 Paultierney113 2 Paultierney116 1 McKevittArchitects116 2 McKevittArchitects117 3 McKevittArchitects118 Davison+Associates120 1 Davison+Associates121 2 Davison+Associates121 4 Davison+Associates122 Paultierney124 1 Paultierney124 2 Paultierney124 3 DenisByrne125 4 Paultierney125 6 Paultierney126 ChristianRichters128 1 RosKavanagh129 3 RosKavanagh129 4 HenriettaWilliams130 PhilipLauterbach132 1 PhilipLauterbach133 3 PhilipLauterbach133 4 PhilipLauterbach134 endaCavanagh
Photography136 1 endaCavanagh
Photography136 2 endaCavanagh
Photography137 3 endaCavanagh
Photography137 4 endaCavanagh
Photography138 Paultierney140 1 Paultierney141 2 Paultierney141 4 BoydCodyArchitects142 ChristianRichters144 1 ChristianRichters144 2 ChristianRichters144 3 ChristianRichters145 5 ChristianRichters146 HealyPartners148 1 Grego’shaughnessy149 2 HealyPartners149 3 Grego’shaughnessy
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
158
Notes
CAsestUDIesInADAPtAtIonAnDReUseInHIstoRICURBAnenVIRonMents
158—159
Notes
sHAPInGtHeFUtURe
160
The Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht wishes to thank the clients and project teams for their permission to publish the photographs, drawings and texts for the case studies featured in this manual.
Every effort has been made to include appropriate credits for each project; any omissions are regretted and if brought to the Department’s attention will be corrected in any future publication. CASE STUDIES IN ADAPTATION AND REUSE
IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
CONTEXTS
CHALLENGES
SOLUTIONS
LESSONS
SHAPING THE FUTURE
SH
AP
ING
THE FU
TUR
E CA
SE
ST
UD
IES
IN A
DA
PTA
TIO
N A
ND
RE
US
E IN
HIS
TO
RIC
UR
BA
N E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TS
SHAPING THE FUTURECase Studies in Adaptation and Reuse in Historic Urban Environments. December 2012.
€10 ISBN 978-1-4-64-2721-9
© Government of Ireland 2012
Dublin
Published by The Stationery Offi ce
To be purchased by mail order from Government Publications, Postal Trade Section, Unit 20 Lakeside Retail Park, Claremorris, Co. Mayo
Tel: 01-6476834/37 or 1890 213434;Fax: 01-6476843 or 094 9378964
or through any bookseller
General ContactsLoCall: 1890202021International: +353 1 8882000Web: www.ahg.gov.ieAddress: Custom House, Dublin 1.
This publication is an initiative under the Government Policy on Architecture 2009-2015 Implementation Programme by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
Prepared byPaul Keogh Architects
Designed byRed Dog
This publication is printed on paper and board which is produced from pulp sourced from sustainably managed forests.