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SHAPING

 A SHAPER IS  A TYPE OF MACHINE TOOL THAT  

USES LINEAR  RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE WORKPIECE  AND  A RECIPROCATING SINGLE-POINT  CUTTING 

TOOL TO MACHINE  A LINEAR TOOL PATH. IT  OPERATES BY  THE

W HITWORTH QUICK  RETURN MECHANISM. A SHAPER IS 

 ANALOGOUS TO  A PLANER , BUT  SMALLER ,  AND WITH THE 

CUTTER RIDING  A RAM THAT  MOVES  ABOVE  A STATIONARY  

WORKPIECE , RATHER THAN THE ENTIRE WORKPIECE MOVING 

BENEATH THE CUTTER.

WORKING

 The workpiece mounts on a rigid, o!"shaped ta#e in $ront o$ the machine% The

height o$ the ta#e can e ad&usted to suit this workpiece, and the ta#e can

tra'erse sidewa(s underneath the reciprocating too#, which is mounted on the

ram% Ta#e motion ma( e contro##ed manua##(, ut is usua##( ad'anced ( an

automatic $eed mechanism acting on the $eed screw% The ram s#ides ack and$orth ao'e the work% At the $ront end o$ the ram is a 'ertica# too# s#ide that ma(

e ad&usted to either side o$ the 'ertica# p#ane a#ong the stroke a!is% This too#"

s#ide ho#ds the clapper box  and too#post, $rom which the too# can e positioned

to cut a straight, )at sur$ace on the top o$ the workpiece% The too#"s#ide permits

$eeding the too# downwards to deepen a cut% This ad&ustai#it(, coup#ed with the

use o$ specia#i*ed cutters and too#ho#ders, ena#e the operator to cut interna#

and e!terna# gear tooth pro+#es, sp#ines, do'etai#s, and ke(wa(s%

 The ram is ad&usta#e $or stroke and, due to the geometr( o$ the #inkage, itmo'es $aster on the return non"cutting- stroke than on the $orward, cutting

stroke% This action is 'ia a slotted link  or Whitworth #ink%

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 T .P/S O0 SHAP/RS

1.1AS/2 ON  T.P/ O0 3/4HANIS3 /3P5O./2 0OR  TH/ 3O6/3/NT O0 TH/ 47TTING  TOO5

• 4RANK   T.P/

 The reciprocating ram is dri'en ( crank mechanism% In this a sing#e point

cutting too# is emp#o(ed to do the operation% A crank is connected to the ram

and the u## gear to which the power is gi'en through an indi'idua# motor%

 These are most common t(pe o$ shapers eing used% The reciprocating #ength

o$ too# wi## e a#wa(s is e8ua# to the #ength o$ stroke%

• G/AR  T.P/

 These are the rare#( used shapers% In these shapers a rack and pinion are

emp#o(ed the rack is attached to the #ower part o$ the ram and on which the

pinion mo'es% The power is transmitted $rom the u## gear% A grain train is

engaged $or the trans$er o$ power $rom the u## gear to pinion%

• H .2RA75I4  T.P/

 These shapers run on h(drau#ic power% The end o$ the ram is connected to a

piston +tted in to a c(#inder% Oi# is $ed in to the c(#inder initia##( the oi# acts in

one direction and the ram mo'es in one direction% A 'ar(ing pressure is

app#ied on the oi# so as to otain the reciprocating motion o$ the ram% One o$

the main ad'antage o$ this shaper is a constant speed can e otained $romthe starting o$ the machining operation% There wi## e no )uctuations in the

cutting speed and stroke o$ the ram% Another important ad'antage o$ this

shaper is no sound wi## e produced hence a noise $ree en'ironment can e

otained%

2. A44OR2ING  TO POSITION AN2 3O6/3/NT O0 RA3

• HORI9ONTA5 T .P/

 These shapers ha'e the motion o$ ram a#ong the hori*onta# a!is% This t(pe o$

shapers is genera##( used $or generation o$ +ne and )at sur$aces%

• 6/RTI4A5 T .P/ In these shapers the too# containing ram has its motion in 'ertica# direction%In

'ertica# shaper the ram ma( e crank dri'en, screw dri'en, gear dri'en, or

dri'en ( h(drau#ic power% 6ertica# shaping machines +nds man( app#ications

in deep ho#e oring, machining interna# sur$aces, ke(wa(s, groo'es etc%

'ertica# shaper has a 'er( roust ta#e which can ha'e cross, #ongitudina#,

and rotationa# mo'ement%

•  TRA6/55ING H/A2 T .P/ 

 This t(pe o$ shaper is genera##( emp#o(ed $or machining 'er( #arge o&ectsthat cannot e mounted on the ta#e o$ the machine and cannot e mo'ed% In

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this machine the ram ha'ing reciprocating mo'ement a#so pro'ides crosswise

mo'ement simu#taneous#( such that the too# can cut the re8uired shape on

the work piece%

3.1AS/2 ON 2/SIGN O0  TH/ WORK   TA15/

• S TAN2AR2 SHAP/R

In these shapers the ta#e has on#( two mo'ements i%e% 'ertica# and

hori*onta#% The ta#e ma( or ma( not e supported on the other end% These

are not genera##( used%

• 7NI6/RSA5 SHAP/R

In these shapers in addition to the ao'e mentioned two mo'ements o$ the

standard shaper it pro'ides two more directions%

:- 1( swi'e#ing the ta#e aout a a!is ram wa(s%

;- The ta#e can e ti#ted aout an a!is perpendicu#ar to the :st one

So due to these two $eatures an( operation at an( ang#e can e per$ormed

'er( easi#(% So due to these $eatures the shaper is termed as a uni'ersa#

shaper

4.1AS/2 ON  T.P/ O0 47TTING STROK/ /3P5O./2

• P7SH T .P/

it is one o$ the most common#( used shaper% In this the meta# is remo'ed

when the ram is mo'ing awa( $rom the co#umn% This t(pe o$ shaper pushes

the work piece whi#e remo'ing the work piece awa( $rom it so this shaper is

ca##ed as push t(pe shaper%

• 2RAW T .P/

It is &ust a con'erse o$ the push t(pe shaper% In these machines the meta# is

remo'ed $rom the work piece when the ram is mo'ing towards the co#umn%

So due to this the work piece takes a $orce in the direction towards the

co#umn o$ the work piece% 2ue to this action the $orces o'er the co#umn and

earings are somewhat reduced% The too# is re8uired to e mounted inopposite direction to the norma# conditions% The 'irations on machine

components are a#so damped to some e!tent%

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K5OPP 3O2/5 H"<=>

3A2/ IN G/R3AN.

Hori*onta# Shaper 3achines

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SPECIFICATIONS:

RA3 STROK/ <=> 33

 TA15/ 3O6/3/NT HORI9ONTA5 =>> 33

 TA15/ 3O6/3/NT 6/RTI4A5 ?=> 33

4ARRIAG/ 3O6/3/NT 6/RTI4A5 :<> 33

 TA15/ S7R0A4/ 2I3/NSIONS   <=> @ ?:= 33

H/IGHT 0RO3 GRO7N2 ?:= 33

NO% O0 A27STA15/ SP//2S BP57NG/R STROK/SC3IN :=":B>

 TA15/ 0//2 >%; D <%> 33 C3IN

 TOTA5 POW/R R/E7IR/3/NT >, F K W

6I4/ SPAN :>> @ :?:> 33

W/IGHT :>>> K G

7S/S O0 SHAP/R

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•  The most common use is to machine straight, )at sur$aces, ut with ingenuit( and some

accessories a wide range o$ work can e done

• Ke(wa(s in the oss o$ a pu##e( or gear can e machined without resorting to a

dedicated roaching setup%

• 2o'etai# s#ides

• Interna# sp#ines and gear teeth%

• Ke(wa(, sp#ine, and gear tooth cutting in 15IN2 HO5/S

• It is e'en possi#e to o'iate wire /23 work in some cases%