Shale Gas Roulette

7/31/2019 Shale Gas Roulette

1/15

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2/15

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Gdl{ds bns Dgnln`jg " Gn``tlj{z Kdrdinu`dl{ a{{u8..fdwd,uwt,dkt.sdwdfsga.gdl{dsw.gdgk 3

@fsgdiitw Wafid8 Iflk N}ldswaju) Ingfi Rnjgd) flk {ad Kjw{sjct{jnl nb

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{ad Udllwzirfljf gn``tlj{jdw }adsd ksjiijlm jw nggtssjlm, J{ afw cddl fl dgnln`jg nuuns{tlj{z bns

wn`d sdwjkdl{w) fl dlrjsnl`dl{fi ns vtfij{z nb ijbd gnlgdsl bns n{ads sdwjkdl{w) flk jw mdldsf{jlm gnlbijg{

}j{ajl `flz gn``tlj{jdw, [adsd afw cddl tga sdgdl{ unijgz kdcf{d fcnt{ {ad usnuds snid nb ingfi

mnrdsl`dl{ jl sdmtif{jlm wtga lf{tsfi mfw kdrdinu`dl{) flk {ad dq{dl{ {n }ajga ingfi gn``tlj{jdw

wantik afrd kjwgsd{jnl jl kdgjkjlm }ad{ads) }adsd) flk an} {n fiin} wafid mfw kdrdinu`dl{,

[ad sdgdl{iz ufwwdk Fg{ 67 nb 3563 ij`j{w ingfi kjwgsd{jnl) bns`fiiz usddù{jlm `tga ingfi sdmtif{jnl nb

{ajw wafid mfw kdrdinu`dl{, Tlkds Fg{ 67) ingfi mnrdsl`dl{w `tw{ fiin} ksjiijlm jl fii xnljlm kjw{sjg{w)

flk gflln{ cfl ns sdw{sjg{ mfw kdrdinu`dl{, Jl wtga f gnl{dq{ nb ij{{id ingfi mnrdsl`dl{ gnl{sni) {ad

idfwjlm kdgjwjnlw nb jlkjrjktfi jldsfi sjma{ n}ldsw cdgn`d nld nb {ad nw{ jùns{fl{ }fzw sdwjkdl{wafrd f rnjgd jl }ad{ads flk an} @fsgdiitw wafid kdrdinu`dl{ }jii nggts jl {adjs gn``tlj{z, ]an

n}lw {ad iflk flk `jldsfi sjma{w jl @fsgdiitw gntl{jdw {atw gsj{jgfiiz kd{ds`jldw }an gfl ufs{jgjuf{d jl

{ad kdgjwjnlw {af{ }jii fbbdg{ {ad gn``tlj{z, Ingfi didg{dk flk fuunjl{dk nbbjgjfiw) flk sdwjkdl{w }an

n}l ij{{id ns ln iflk afrd sdif{jrdiz ij{{id rnjgd fcnt{ }ad{ads lf{tsfi mfw kdrdinu`dl{ nggtsw }j{ajl

{adjs gn``tlj{z, [ad kdgjwjnl jw ifsmdiz jl {ad aflkw nb gtssdl{ n}ldsw nb ifsmds ufsgdiw nb iflk }an

kdgjkd }ad{ads {n idfwd bns ksjiijlm) flk jl mfw gnùfljdw }an {adl kdgjkd }adsd f`nlm {ad idfwdk

ufsgdiw {n fg{tfiiz ksjii,

[ad n}ldswaju nb {ad sjma{w fiwn fbbdg{w }an sdgdjrdw {ad idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw gsdf{dk cz mfw

kdrdinu`dl{, Lf{tsfi mfw gnùfljdw sduns{dk {adz ufjk +3,5= cjiijnl jl idfwd flk snzfi{z ufz`dl{w

sdif{dk {n @fsgdiitw wafid kdrdinu`dl{ jl Udllwzirfljf jl 3565 !Gnlwjkjld) ]f{wnl flk Cit`wfgo)

3566*, Wtga ufz`dl{w fsd f wjmljbjgfl{ ufs{ nb {ad dgnln`jg cdldbj{ nb lf{tsfi mfw kdrdinu`dl{)

fggntl{jlm bns fcnt{ nld {ajsk nb mfw jlktw{sz wudlkjlm jl Udllwzirfljf cd{}ddl 3551 flk 3565 !jcjk*,

Tlkdsw{flkjlm an} {adwd kniifsw fsd kjw{sjct{dk jw jùns{fl{ bsn` wdrdsfi udswudg{jrdw, [adwd jlgitkd

an} flz nb {adwd kniifsw sd`fjl }j{ajl {ad gntl{jdw }j{a ksjiijlm flk sdif{dk fg{jrj{z) an} csnfkiz {ad

dgnln`jg cdldbj{w bin} fgsnww gntl{z sdwjkdl{w) flk an} {adwd kniifsw gnùfsd {n {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb

{ad gnw{w nb @fsgdiitw kdrdinu`dl{, [ad if{{ds afw wjmljbjgfl{ dvtj{z jùijgf{jnlw }ajga tlkdsijd `tga

nb {ad utcijg unijgz kdcf{d fcnt{ {ad @fsgdiitw wafid uifz !Odiwdz) Wajdikw) Ifkidd flk ]fsk) 3566*,

Dgnln`jg w{tkjdw nb @fsgdiitw wafid {n kf{d afrd `nw{iz bngtwdk nl dw{j`f{jlm {ad nrdsfii dgnln`jg

cdldbj{w) ct{ afrd ln{ fkksdwwdk {ad dvtfiiz-jùns{fl{ tlkdsw{flkjlm nb an} {ad dgnln`jg cdldbj{w

fsd kjw{sjct{dk f`nlm sdwjkdl{w flk lnl-sdwjkdl{w) lns {ad gnw{w nb wtga kdrdinu`dl{,

[ajw ufuds dqf`jldw {ad n}ldswaju nb {ad iflk }j{ajl didrdl Udllwzirfljf gntl{jdw }j{a @fsgdiitwkdrdinu`dl{ fg{jrj{z) flk {ad jùijgf{jnlw nb {af{ iflk n}ldswaju uf{{dsl bns }an afw f rnjgd jl

kdgjwjnlw nrds {ad fg{jrj{z flk bns {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw, @tga nb {ad utcijg

kdcf{d fcnt{ @fsgdiitw wafid kdrdinu`dl{ sdrnirdw fsntlk kjbbdsjlm rjd}w nb bfjsldww flk dvtj{z)

ufs{jgtifsiz kjwgtwwjnlw fcnt{ {ad dlrjsnl`dl{fi) adfi{a) flk n{ads sjwow) {ad usnuds snid bns ingfi

6[ad ft{answ fsd f Usnbdwwns nb Fmsjgti{tsfi Dgnln`jgw) f Unw{-Kng{nsfi Wganifs jl {ad Wganni nb Bnsdw{ Sdwntsgdw)flk f msfktf{d w{tkdl{ jl Fmsjgti{tsfi) Dlrjsnl`dl{fi) flk Sdmjnlfi Dgnln`jgw) Udll W{f{d Tljrdswj{z,


3/15



mnrdsl`dl{ sdmtif{jnl flk nrdswjma{ nb jlktw{sz fg{jrj{jdw) flk {ad fcjij{z nb jlkjrjktfi n}ldsw {n twd

{adjs sdwntsgdw fw {adz cdijdrd jw fuusnusjf{d, [ajw w{tkz jw ln{ jl{dlkdk {n drfitf{d ns `fod

htkm`dl{w fcnt{ Fg{ 67 nb 3563 ns {ad gtssdl{ kjw{sjct{jnl nb gnl{sni flk jlgn`d, Sf{ads }d cdijdrd

{af{ tlkdsw{flkjlm iflkn}ldswaju uf{{dslw adiuw {n gifsjbz {ad dgnln`jg jùijgf{jnlw nb @fsgdiitw wafid

kdrdinu`dl{) flk {ad gnl{dq{ bns {ad gnlgdslw wn`d fsd dqusdwwjlm fcnt{ {ad lddk bns `nsd ingfi

mnrdsl`dl{ gnl{sni nrds {af{ kdrdinu`dl{,

3, @d{ankninmzFw jl flz n{ads w{f{dw) wtsbfgd iflk n}ldsw jl Udllwzirfljf kn ln{ ldgdwwfsjiz n}l {ad jldsfi sjma{w

tlkds {adjs iflk? wtsbfgd flk `jldsfi sjma{w gfl cd n}ldk !flk wnik* wdufsf{diz, [ad wdufsf{jnl nb

wtsbfgd flk jldsfi sjma{w jw sdif{jrdiz gn``nl jl fsdfw nb Udllwzirfljf }j{a ufw{ gnfi) nji) flk mfw

kdrdinu`dl{, ]adl kdrdinu`dl{ nb {adwd `jldsfi sdwntsgdw cdmfl mdldsf{jnlw fmn) `flz nb {adwd

`jldsfi sjma{w }dsd wdrdsdk bsn` wtsbfgd sjma{w fw iflkn}ldsw dj{ads wnik nbb {ad jldsfi sjma{w ns odu{

{anwd sjma{w }adl {adz wnik {ad wtsbfgd iflk,

]d gntik bjlk ln utcijgiz frfjifcid kngt`dl{f{jnl {af{ kd{fjiw n}ldswaju nb jldsfi sjma{w) n{ads {aflnl f kddk-cz-kddk cfwjw, Jl gnl{sfw{) MJW iflkn}ldswaju kf{f jw frfjifcid jl nw{ Udllwzirfljf gntl{jdw

}j{ajl {ad @fsgdiitw sdmjnl, Iflkn}ldswaju flk `jldsfi sjma{ n}ldswaju wantik fijml rdsz ginwdiz jl

gntl{jdw }j{a ij{{id ufw{ gnfi) mfw ns nji kdrdinu`dl{) wn iflkn}ldswaju uf{{dslw jl {adwd gntl{jdw

wantik fggtsf{diz sdbidg{ {ad tlkdsizjlm `jldsfi sjma{ n}ldswaju, Jl gntl{jdw }adsd jldsfi flk

iflkn}ldswaju afw cddl wdrdsdk) {ad iflkn}ldswaju jlbns`f{jnl nw{ ijodiz nrdsdw{j`f{dw {ad

usnuns{jnl nb iflk n}ldk cz gntl{z sdwjkdl{w cdgftwd {ad sjma{w wdrdsdk mdldsf{jnlw fmn afrd

wtcwdvtdl{iz cddl ufwwdk kn}l {asntma bf`jijdw) wuijl{dsjlm jl{n n}ldswaju adik fgsnww gajiksdl flk

msflkgajiksdl, ]j{a {ad sdif{jrdiz ajma f`ntl{ nb nt{-`jmsf{jnl bsn` Udllwzirfljf nrds {ad ufw{

kdgfkdw) j{ jw ijodiz {af{ `flz nb {ad gtssdl{ `jldsfi sjma{ n}ldsw ijrd nt{wjkd nb {adjs flgdw{sfi gntl{z)

jb ln{ nt{wjkd {ad Gn``nl}dfi{a j{wdib, Iflkn}ldswaju kf{f fiwn ijodiz tlkdsdw{j`f{dw {ad

gnlgdl{sf{jnl nb `jldsfi sjma{w n}ldswaju jl gntl{jdw }j{a ufw{ gnfi flk mfw kdrdinu`dl{ cdgftwd gnfiflk n{ads sdwntsgd dq{sfg{jnl gnùfljdw }dsd fg{jrd utsgafwdsw flk fmmsdmf{nsw nb wtga sjma{w ktsjlm

{ad nsjmjlfi sdwntsgd kdrdinu`dl{) gnlwnijkf{jlm `jldsfi sjma{w bsn` `ti{juid usnuds{jdw {nmd{ads tlkds

{adjs n}ldswaju, Wn`d gnùfljdw afrd sd`fjldk fg{jrd utsgafwdsw nb wtga sjma{w nrds {ad mdldsf{jnlw,

[n dqf`jld ijodiz `jldsfi sjma{ n}ldswaju) }d gniidg{dk utcijgiz frfjifcid Mdnmsfuajg Jlbns`f{jnl

Wzw{d` !MJW* kf{f fcnt{ iflkn}ldswaju bsn` didrdl gntl{z uiflljlm nbbjgdw, Gntl{jdw jlgitkdk jl {ad

w{tkz fsd Csfkbnsk) Ct{ids) Gidfsbjdik) Bfzd{{d) Msddld) Izgn`jlm) Wtiijrfl) [jnmf) ]fwajlm{nl)

]dw{`nsdiflk flk ]zn`jlm, [ad kf{f }fw bsn` dfsiz 3565 {asntma 3566) kdudlkjlm tunl {ad gntl{z,

[ad didrdl gntl{jdw jlgitkd ljld nb {ad {nu {dl @fsgdiitw gntl{jdw jl Udllwzirfljf? {ad wnid `jwwjlm {nu

{dl gntl{z }fw Wtwvtdafllf Gntl{z) bns }an` {ad MJW jlbns`f{jnl }fw tlfrfjifcid !Wtwvtdafllf afk

{ad bjb{a ifsmdw{ lt`cds nb }diiw {asntma 3566*, [nmd{ads) {ad didrdl gntl{jdw fggntl{ bns =: udsgdl{

nb fii Udllwzirfljf @fsgdiitw }diiw {asntma 3566, [n wtuuid`dl{ {ad MJW kf{f) }d dqf`jldk T,W,Gdlwtw antwdanik kf{f nl an`d n}ldswaju flk sdl{jlm) {n kd{ds`jld {ad wafsd nb antwdanikw {af{ kjk

ln{ n}l iflk,

]d jkdl{jbjdk ufsgdiw n}ldk cz gntl{z sdwjkdl{w cz innojlm f{ {ad xju gnkd nbn}ldsw `fjijlm

fkksdwwdw, Utcijgiz n}ldk iflk }fw jkdl{jbjfcid jl {ad kf{f bns wn`d nb {ad gntl{jdw }anwd kf{fwd{w

jlgitkdk wudgjbjg gnkdw wudgjbzjlm wtga n}ldswaju) jlgitkjlm Csfkbnsk) Wtiijrfl) [jnmf) flk ]zn`jlm,

Bns {ad n{ads gntl{jdw) }d afk {n uazwjgfiiz inno f{ {ad MJW usnuds{z sdgnskw {n jkdl{jbz jb {ad ijw{dk


4/15


Gdl{ds bns Dgnln`jg " Gn``tlj{z Kdrdinu`dl{ a{{u8..fdwd,uwt,dkt.sdwdfsga.gdl{dsw.gdgk ;

n}lds }fw jl {ad utcijg ns usjrf{d wdg{ns, Wjlgd `nw{ nb {ad utcijgiz n}ldk iflk) wtga fw w{f{d bnsdw{

iflk) w{f{d mf`d iflk) flk Bjwa flk Cnf{ Gn``jwwjnl iflk) jw jl sdif{jrdiz ifsmd ufsgdiw) }d uazwjgfiiz

sdrjd}dk {ad n}ldswaju sdgnskw nb fii ufsgdiw 45 fgsdw jl wjxd ns ifsmds jl {adwd gntl{jdw {n jkdl{jbz

}ajga }dsd utcijgiz n}ldk, Flz utcijg wdg{ns ufsgdiw w`fiids {afl 45 fgsdw }ntik cd gntl{dk fw

usjrf{diz n}ldk iflk jl nts flfizwjw) ct{ {ad sdif{jrdiz w`fii lt`cds flk wjxd nb {adwd ufsgdiw ijodiz kn

ln{ fbbdg{ sdwti{w wtcw{fl{jfiiz,

[ad gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflk n}ldsw jlgitkdk f `jq nb jlkjrjktfiw) bf`jijdw) ingfi ctwjldwwdw) bfs`dsw)

atl{jlm gfùw) iflk {stw{w) flk n{adsw, Jlkjrjktfi n}ldsw nb{dl n}l `nsd {afl nld ufsgdi) wn }d

lddkdk {n fmmsdmf{d fii nb dfga iflk n}ldsw usnuds{jdw {nmd{ads, F wjlmid n}ldsw lf`d gfl rfsz

fgsnww kjbbdsdl{ ufsgdi sdgnskw !d,m, H, W`j{a)) Hnal W`j{a) flk Hnal F, W`j{a `fz fii sdbds {n {ad

wf`d n}lds*) wn fmmsdmf{jlm cz lf`d jw ln{ fggtsf{d, ]d jlw{dfk twdk n}ldsw `fjijlm fkksdwwdw {n

fmmsdmf{d {ad ufsgdiw) gfigtif{jlm {ad {n{fi iflk n}ldk cz sdwjkdl{w f{ {af{ fkksdww, [ajw fuusnfga

fwwt`dw fii iflk n}ldsw ijrjlm f{ {ad wf`d fkksdww fsd dj{ads {ad wf`d udswnl ns fsd sdif{dk,

Bns dfga gntl{z) }d wns{dk {ad sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw cz {ad {n{fi fgsdfmd dfga n}ldk !bsn` ifsmdw{

f`ntl{ nb iflk {n w`fiidw{ f`ntl{ nb iflk*, ]d {adl csnod {ajw ijw{ nb fgsdfmd n}ldk jl{n {dl dvtfi

ufs{w !}af{ wgjdl{jw{w gfii kdgjidw*) fiin}jlm tw {n jkdl{jbz {ad fgsdfmd n}ldk cz {ad ifsmdw{ 65 udsgdl{nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw) {ad fgsdfmd n}ldk cz {ad wdgnlk ifsmdw{ {dl udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw)

flk wn bns{a,

7, Sdwti{wF, An`d N}ldswaju flk Sdl{jlmLn{ fii gntl{z sdwjkdl{w n}l iflk ns n}l {adjs n}l an`d, [fcid 6 usnrjkdw {ad @fsgdiitw gntl{jdw

nskdsdk fiuafcd{jgfiiz) }j{a {ad lt`cds nb @fsgdiitw }diiw) w{f{d sflo cz @fsgdiitw }diiw) {ad {n{fi

lt`cds nb antwdanikw jl {ad gntl{z) flk {ad udsgdl{fmd nb antwdanikw {af{ fsd an`d n}ldsw flk

sdl{dsw jl dfga, Jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z) bns dqfùid) {adsd }dsd ::1 @fsgdiitw }diiw ksjiidk cd{}ddl 355=

flk 3566) `fojlm j{ {ad gntl{z }j{a {ad `nw{ @fsgdiitw }diiw ktsjlm {af{ {j`d udsjnk, Fggnskjlm {n {ad

3565 T,W, Gdlwtw) Csfkbnsk Gntl{z afk 3;)126 antwdanikw) }j{a =;,1 udsgdl{ nb {adwd antwdanikw

n}ljlm {adjs n}l an`d,

Gnùfsjlm fgsnww {ad gntl{jdw) fcnt{ nld-vtfs{ds nb {ad antwdanikw jl {adwd didrdl gntl{jdw kn ln{

n}l {adjs n}l an`dw) ct{ sf{ads sdl{ bsn` wn`dnld diwd !wdd [fcid 6*, [ajw rfsjdk cd{}ddl {ad

gntl{jdw) sflmjlm bsn` f in} nb 6=,; udsgdl{ nb antwdanikw jl Wtiijrfl Gntl{z) {n f ajma nb 75,3 udsgdl{

jl Izgn`jlm Gntl{z, [adwd sdl{dsw afrd ln jlut{ {n {ad kdgjwjnlw nb iflkn}ldsw {n idfwd {adjs iflk) ns nb

mfw gnùfljdw {n ksjii jl {ad gntl{z,


5/15



[fcid 6, An`d N}ldswaju flk Sdl{jlm Antwdanikw

Gntl{z @fsgdiitw

]diiw) 355= {n

3566

W{f{d Sflo cz

@fsgdiitw

]diiw

Lt`cds nb

Antwdanikw

Udsgdl{ nb Sdwjkdl{ Antwdanikw)

3565

An`d N}ldsw Sdl{dsw

Csfkbnsk ::1 6 3;)126 =;,1$ 34,3$

Ct{ids 653 65 =6):66 ==,5$ 37,5$

Gidfsbjdik 676 : 73)137 =2,=$ 37,7$

Bfzd{{d 6== 1 44)727 =7,5$ 3=,5$

Msddld 71; 2 6;)565 =4,7$ 3;,=$

Izgn`jlm ;44 ; ;2)263( 2:,1$( 75,3$(

Wtiijrfl ;3 6: 3);72 13,2$ 6=,;$

[jnmf 222 3 6=)613 =;,:$ 34,6$

]fwajlm{nl 47; 7 17)25; ==,7$ 33,=$

]dw{`nsdiflk 61= = 643)2;5 =2,4$ 37,4$

]zn`jlm :4 67 66)537 ==,6$ 33,:$

(Dl{jsd gntl{z) ln{ htw{ {ad w`fiids @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl nb {ad gntl{zKf{f wntsgdw8 UF Kdufs{`dl{ nb Dlrjsnl`dl{fi Usn{dg{jnl? T,W, Gdlwtw

C, Sdwjkdlgd nb N}ldswFl dfsijds MJW w{tkz nb iflkn}ldswaju flk @fsgdiitw wafid) twjlm {ad Gnlwdsrf{jnl Cjninmz Jlw{j{t{dw

Tlj{dk W{f{dw Usn{dg{dk Fsdfw wafud bjid) bntlk {af{ fsntlk 6= udsgdl{ nb {ad @fsgdiitw wafid fgsdfmd

fgsnww fii gntl{jdw jl Udllwzirfljf jw n}ldk cz {ad utcijg wdg{ns) }ajga usj`fsjiz jw {ad Gn``nl}dfi{a

}j{a j{w w{f{d bnsdw{) mf`d gn``jwwjnl) flk n{ads fmdlgz iflk !Odiwdz) Wajdikw) Ifkidd flk ]fsk) 3566*,

[ad sd`fjljlm 17 udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz jlkjrjktfiw flk gnùfljdw,

[fcid 3 wan}w {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb iflk n}ldswaju jl {ad didrdl w{tkjdk gntl{jdw) cfwdk nl {ad gtssdl{

MJW flfizwjw nb 3565 flk 3566 gntl{z iflkn}ldswaju sdgnskw, [ad udsgdl{fmd nb iflk fsdf jl {ad

gntl{jdw n}ldk cz {ad utcijg wdg{ns rfsjdk cd{}ddl ;,6 udsgdl{ !]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z* flk 7=,4 udsgdl{

!Wtiijrfl Gntl{z*) }ajid {ad udsgdl{fmd nb iflk n}ldk cz udnuid ijrjlm nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z rfsjdk

cd{}ddl 61,7 udsgdl{ !]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z* flk 7;,7 udsgdl{ !Msddld Gntl{z*, [ad wafsd nb iflk fsdf

n}ldk cz sdwjkdl{w jl {adwd gntl{jdw rfsjdk cd{}ddl 3:,7 udsgdl{ jl Wtiijrfl Gntl{z) {n ==,2 udsgdl{ jl

]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z,3 [ajw rfsjf{jnl jl {ad udsgdl{fmd nb usjrf{diz n}ldk iflk fgsnww gntl{jdw wtmmdw{w

}jkd kjbbdsdlgdw jl {ad dq{dl{ {n }ajga ingfi iflkn}ldsw jlbitdlgd @fsgdiitw kdrdinu`dl{ idfwjlm flk

ksjiijlm jl {adjs gntl{z, [ad lt`cds nb usjrf{d gntl{z sdwjkdl{ n}ldsw kndw ln{ kjsdg{iz gnssdwunlk {n

{ad lt`cds nb antwdanikw cdgftwd iflk n}ldsw jlgitkd ingfi ctwjldwwdw) atl{jlm gfùw) flk n{ads lnl-

antwdanikw,

3[adwd lt`cdsw fsd gnlwjw{dl{ }j{a {ad usjns w{tkz) }j{a {ad dqgdu{jnl nb Izgn`jlm Gntl{z, [ad usjns w{tkz }fw

fcid {n wnidiz bngtw nl {ad @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl nb Izgn`jlm Gntl{z) flk bntlk {af{ fcnt{ 6; udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk

jl {ad @fsgdiitw sdmjnl Izgn`jlm Gntl{z }fw n}ldk cz gntl{z sdwjkdl{w, [ajw jw {ad lns{adsl afib nb {ad gntl{z)

nt{wjkd nb {ad ]jiijf`wuns{ tscfl flk wtctscfl fsdf) flk {ad ingf{jnl nb `flz nb {ad rfgf{jnl an`dw)

sdgsdf{jnlfi bnsdw{ iflk) ifsmd atl{jlm gfùw) flk n{ads iflk ijodiz {n cd n}ldk cz lnl-sdwjkdl{w, Bns {ajw w{tkz)

ktd {n {ad kjbbdsdl{ kf{fwd{) }d }dsd tlfcid {n wdufsf{d nt{ {ad lnl-@fsgdiitw sdmjnl nb {ad gntl{z,


6/15



[fcid 3, Kjw{sjct{jnl nb Iflk N}ldswaju cz SdwjkdlgzGntl{z Udsgdl{ nb iflk

n}ldk cz

Utcijg Wdg{ns

Udsgdl{ nb iflk

n}ldk cz udnuid

bsn` nt{wjkd {ad

gntl{z

Udsgdl{ nb

iflk n}ldk

jl-gntl{z

Lt`cds nb

Antwdanikw

!T,W, Gdlwtw*

Lt`cds nb

Usjrf{d) jl-

gntl{z

n}ldsw

Csfkbnsk 1,2$ 76,6$ 25,7$ 3;)126 62):71Ct{ids 4,4$ 6:,4$ =4,5$ =6):66 42)=37

Gidfsbjdik 61,4$ 75,2$ 45,:$ 73)137 7;);56

Bfzd{{d 63,=$ 3;,:$ 23,;$ 44)727 ;2)531

Msddld ;,3$ 7;,7$ 26,4$ 6;)565 63)675

Izgn`jlm( 73,2$ 6:,5$ ;1,;$ ;2)263 74)3=5

Wtiijrfl 7=,4$ 77,3$ 3:,7$ 3);72 3)3:=

[jnmf 3;,:$ 3=,4$ ;=,=$ 6=)613 :):;;

]fwajlm{nl ;,6$ 61,7$ ==,2$ 17)25; =5)211

]dw{`nsdiflk 2,=$ 36,6$ =3,7$ 643)2;5 67;)425

]zn`jlm 64,6$ 73,7$ 43,2$ 66)537 =)1:4

(N}ldswaju gntl{z-}jkd) ln{ htw{ jl {ad w`fiids @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl nb {ad gntl{z

G, Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{ Usjrf{d Iflkn}ldsw) cz F`ntl{ nb Iflk N}ldk[ad fhnsj{z nb gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw }j{ajl {adwd gntl{jdw n}ldk sdif{jrdiz w`fii f`ntl{w nb

iflk, [fcid 7 wan}w {ad udsgdl{fmd nb gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw wns{dk cz {ad f`ntl{ nb ingfi iflk

{adz n}l) flk jl ufsdl{adwdw) {ad wafsd nb {ad {n{fi ingfiiz n}ldk usjrf{d iflk fsdf n}ldk cz {anwd

iflkn}ldsw, Bns dqfùid) jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z) 71,2$ nb {ad gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw n}l idww {afl

nld fgsd nb iflk jl {ad gntl{z) flk {nmd{ads fii nb {ad iflk n}ldk cz {ajw 71,2$ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw

fggntl{w bns 5,2$ nb {ad ingfiiz n}ldk usjrf{d iflk fsdf jl {ad gntl{z,

Jl fii {ad gntl{jdw) iflkn}ldsw }j{a w`fii iflk ufsgdiw {zujgfiiz fggntl{dk bns nliz f w`fii usnuns{jnl nb

{ad {n{fi usjrf{d iflk fsdf n}ldk cz gntl{z sdwjkdl{w, Jl ]dw{`nsdiflk Gntl{z) bns dqfùid) =;,:

udsgdl{ nb {ad sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw n}ldk idww {afl nld fgsd nb iflk) }ajga fggntl{dk bns 2,: udsgdl{

nb {ad {n{fi sdwjkdl{-n}ldk usjrf{d iflk jl {ad gntl{z, Fcnt{ =6,= udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl

]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z wj`jifsiz n}ldk idww {afl nld fgsd nb iflk) }ajga fggntl{dk bns ;,6 udsgdl{ nb {ad

{n{fi sdwjkdl{-n}ldk usjrf{d iflk jl {ad gntl{z, [ajw bjlkjlm wantik ln{ cd wtsusjwjlm) mjrdl {af{ {zujgfi

sdwjkdl{jfi usnuds{jdw jl wtctscfl flk tscfl fsdfw {dlk {n afrd sdif{jrdiz w`fii in{ wjxdw,

F `tga w`fiids wafsd nb sdwjkdl{ usjrf{d iflkn}ldsw jl {ad gntl{jdw n}ldk ifsmd f`ntl{w nb iflk, [ad

usnuns{jnl nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw n}ljlm 6)555 ns `nsd fgsdw) bns dqfùid) sflmdk bsn` 5,55; udsgdl{

jl Ct{ids flk ]dw{`nsdiflk gntl{jdw) {n 5,; udsgdl{ jl [jnmf Gntl{z, [adjs wafsd nb {ad {n{fi sdwjkdl{-n}ldk usjrf{d iflk rfsjdk cd{}ddl 5,1 udsgdl{ jl Ct{ids Gntl{z {n 32,1 udsgdl{ jl Wtiijrfl Gntl{z, [ad

wafsdw n}ldk cz {ad ifsmdw{ {dl udsgdl{ nb iflkn}ldsw mdldsfiiz }dsd ifsmds jl {ad `nsd stsfi gntl{jdw)

wtga fw Wtiijrfl) ]zn`jlm) flk Csfkbnsk gntl{jdw) {afl jl {ad nsd wtctscfl gntl{jdw) sdbidg{jlm {ad

msdf{ds usnuns{jnl nb {adjs sdwjkdl{w }an bfs`) ns }an n}l }nnkin{w ns sdgsdf{jnlfi iflk) flk ingfi

ctwjldwwdw jlrnirdk jl iflk-jl{dlwjrd fg{jrj{jdw) [ad ifsmdw{ sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl {adwd `nsd stsfi

gntl{jdw jlgitkdk atl{jlm flk bjwajlm gitcw) iflk kdrdinu`dl{ gnùfljdw) gnfi flk dldsmz gnùfljdw)

{j`cds gnùfljdw) bfs`w) flk usjrf{d jlkjrjktfiw) }j{a {ad `jq{tsd rfszjlm cd{}ddl {ad gntl{jdw,


7/15


Gdl{ds bns Dgnln`jg " Gn``tlj{z Kdrdinu`dl{ a{{u8..fdwd,uwt,dkt.sdwdfsga.gdl{dsw.gdgk =

[fcid 7, Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{ Iflkn}ldsw) cz F`ntl{ nb Iflk N}ldk

Udsgdl{ nb Ingfi Iflkn}ldsw !Udsgdl{ nb Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{-n}ldk Usjrf{d Iflk Fsdf*

F`ntl{ nb Iflk

N}ldk

Csfkbnsk Ct{ids Gidfsbjdik Bfzd{{d Msddld Izgn`jlm( Wtiijrfl [jnmf ]fwajlm{nl ]dw{`nsd-

iflk

]zn`jlm

Idww {afl 6 fgsd 71,2$

!5,2$*

4=,5$

!7,7$*

4=,3$

!3,5$*

23,3$

!7,7$*

;:,4$

!6,6$*

25,=$

!3,5$*

32,:$

!5,;$*

77,4$

!5,;$*

=6,=$

!;,6$*

=;,:$

!2,:$*

7:,;$

!6,6$*

6 {n 6,: fgsdw 63,7$

!5,=$*

6;,;$

!7,6$*

63,7$

!6,2$*

67,;$

!3,=$*

66,=$

!5,:$*

66,2$

!6,4$*

6;,2$

!5,2$*

67,5$

!5,4$*

:,2$

!3,3$*

:,=$

!7,1$*

64,4$

!6,7$*

3 {n ;,: fgsdw 66,4$!6,;$*

66,:$!4,=$*

66,1$!7,;$*

65,7$!;,=$*

:,4$!6,2$*

65,7$!7,5$*

6=,=$!6,4$*

67,7$!6,3$*

2,1$!7,4$*

=,3$!2,7$*

64,:$!7,5$*

4 {n :,: fgsdw =,5$

!3,5$*

4,1$

!2,3$*

4,1$

!7,1$*

;,2$

!;,=$*

2,5$

!3,7$*

;,2$

!7,5$*

:,6$

!6,1$*

1,;$

!6,1$*

7,7$

!;,5$*

7,5$

!2,5$*

=,4$

!7,3$*

65 {n 6:,: fgsdw 1,1$

!;,1$*

7,:$

!1,7$

;,5$

!4,6$*

7,;$

!2,:$*

4,1$

!;,;$*

;,5$

!4,3$*

1,=$

!7,3$*

1,;$

!7,7$*

7,6$ !

=,6$*

3,6$

!1,6$*

2,=$

!4,4$*

35 {n ;:,: fgsdw 1,1$

!65,:$*

7,2$

!6=,4$*

;,5$

!63,5$*

7,5$

!67,1$*

=,5$

!63,4$*

7,2$

!65,:$*

:,5$

!1,5$*

1,1$

!1,6$*

3,;$

!63,:$*

6,=$

!64,3$*

=,6$

!67,=$*

45 {n ::,: fgsdw 2,5$

!62,4$*

3,5$

!36,4$*

3,=$

!6=,;$*

6,=$

!6=,6$*

4,4$

!36,3$*

3,4$

!62,:$*

2,4$

!63,1$*

2,3$

!63,4$*

6,4$

!61,5$*

5,:$

!6=,1$*

7,:$

!62,1$*

655 {n 6::,: fgsdw ;,7$

!33,=$*

6,5$

!35,5$*

6,;$

!6=,1$*

6,6$

!36,5$*

7,1$

!3=,;$*

6,=$

!36,:$*

;,6$

!64,1$*

4,3$

!35,4$*

6,6$

!3;,:$*

5,4$

!6:,=$*

3,=$

!33,5$*

355 {n ;::,: fgsdw 3,;$

!3=,6$*

5,3$

!65,3$*

5,4$

!6;,;$*

5,7$

!67,5$*

6,3$

!61,4$*

5,=$

!6:,6$*

3,2$

!33,6$*

3,2$

!36,1$*

5,7$

!6;,6$*

5,6$

!1,:$*

6,7$

!36,;$*

455 {n :::,: fgsdw 5,;$

!:,7$*

5,5;$

!7,;$*

5,3$

!1,1$*

5,6$

!=,5$*

5,6$

!6,:$*

5,56$

!4,7$*

5,;$

!=,6$*

5,;$

!=,6$*

5,57$

!7,5$*

5,56$

!3,7$*

5,6$

!4,;$*

6)555 ns `nsd

fgsdw

5,6$

!;,3$*

5,55;$

!5,1$*

5,51$

!67,2$*

5,57$

!4,1$*

5,57$

!1,7$*

5,56$

!66,3$*

5,3$

!32,1$*

5,;$

!33,:$*

5,56$

!2,5$*

5,55;$

!4,6$*

5,57$

!2,=$*(Dl{jsd gntl{z) ln{ htw{ {ad w`fiids @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl

Kndw ln{ fkk {n 655$ ktd {n sntlkjlm dssns

Kf{f wntsgd8 Gntl{z uiflljlm nbbjgd iflkn}ldswaju kf{f


8/15



K, Wafsd nb Iflk N}ldk cz Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{w) cz Kdgjid]adl {ad gntl{z sdwjkdl{ usjrf{d iflk n}ldsw fsd sflodk bsn` {anwd n}ljlm {ad idfw{ {n {ad nw{ iflk

flk {adl w{sf{jbjdk jl{n kdgjidw cfwdk tunl {ad f`ntl{ nb iflk {adz n}l) {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb

iflkn}ldswaju f`nlm sdwjkdl{w cdgn`dw fuufsdl{, [fcid ; wan}w {ad udsgdl{fmd nb {ad {n{fi gntl{z

sdwjkdl{ iflk n}ldk cz dfga kdgjid nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw) flk jl ufsdl{adwdw) {ad gt`tif{jrd wafsd nb

{af{ iflk n}ldswaju fgsnww {ad kdgjidw, Bns dqfùid) jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z) {ad cn{{n` 65 udsgdl{ nb

sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw {nmd{ads n}l 5,6 udsgdl{ nb {ad gntl{z sdwjkdl{-n}ldk iflk jl {ad gntl{z, [ad 66

{n 35 udsgdl{ w`fiidw{ iflkn}ldsw jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z wj`jifsiz {nmd{ads n}l 5,6 udsgdl{ nb {ad gntl{z

sdwjkdl{-n}ldk iflk) flk {nmd{ads }j{a {ad cn{{n` 65 udsgdl{ nb iflkn}ldsw) n}l 5,3 udsgdl{ nb {ad

{n{fi gntl{z sdwjkdl{-n}ldk iflk,

[ad MJW flfizwjw wan}w {af{ f sdif{jrdiz w`fii udsgdl{fmd nb iflkn}ldsw jl dfga gntl{z {zujgfiiz n}l f

rdsz ifsmd usnuns{jnl nb {ad ingfiiz n}ldk {n{fi usjrf{d iflk fsdf jl {af{ gntl{z, [ad {nu {dl udsgdl{ nb

sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl {adwd gntl{jdw) bns dqfùid) n}l =3,= udsgdl{ ns `nsd nb {ad iflk fsdf n}ldk

cz gntl{z sdwjkdl{w !{ad =3,= udsgdl{ }fw jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z*, [ad ajmadw{ usnuns{jnl nb iflk n}ldk cz

{ad {nu {dl udsgdl{ nb ingfi iflkn}ldsw) 11,7 udsgdl{) nggtsw jl ]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z !wdd [fcid ;*, [ad

{nu {}dl{z udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw !fkkjlm {ad lt`cdsw jl [fcid ; bns {ad 16-:5$ flk :6-655$kdgjidw* {nmd{ads n}l cd{}ddl 1:,6 udsgdl{ flk :;,2 udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf !Csfkbnsk flk

Izgn`jlm gntl{jdw) sdwudg{jrdiz*, Jl gnl{sfw{) {ad afib nb {ad sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw n}ljlm {ad idfw{ iflk

jl {adwd gntl{jdw {nmd{ads n}l cd{}ddl 6,6 udsgdl{ flk 3,= udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi sdwjkdl{-n}ldk usjrf{d

iflk fsdf !wdd {ad gt`tif{jrd lt`cdsw jl ufsdl{adwdw jl {ad ;6-45 kdgjid sn}* !Msddld flk

]dw{`nsdiflk gntl{jdw) sdwudg{jrdiz*,

D, Kjw{sjct{jnl nb Iflkn}ldswaju]adl {ad iflkn}ldswaju kf{f jw gnlwjkdsdk fw f }anid) jlgitkjlm {ad iflk n}ldk cz lnl-sdwjkdl{w flk

cz {ad utcijg wdg{ns) {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb gnl{sni nrds {ad iflk jl {adwd gntl{jdw) flk }adsd idfwd flksnzfi{z kniifsw fsd mnjlm cdgn`dw gidfsds, [fcid 4 wan}w {ad udsgdl{fmd nb iflk fsdf jl dfga gntl{z

n}ldk cz {ad utcijg wdg{ns) n}ldsw }an ijrd nt{wjkd nb {ad gntl{z) flk n}ldsw }an fsd gntl{z

sdwjkdl{w, Gntl{z sdwjkdl{ n}ldsw fsd wan}l fw {adjs usnuns{jnl nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf) flk cz {ad

kdgjid nb iflk n}ldsw, Jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z) bns dqfùid) 1,2 udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk fsdf jw n}ldk cz {ad

utcijg wdg{ns) 76,6 udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz udnuid ijrjlm nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z) flk 25,7 udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz

gntl{z sdwjkdl{w, Nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jl Csfkbnsk Gntl{z) ;7,: udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk fsdf jw n}ldk cz

{ad {nu {dl udsgdl{ nb gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw,

[ad ]djma{dk Frdsfmd gnit`l f{ {ad dq{sd`d sjma{ nb [fcid 4 jw {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb iflkn}ldswaju

fgsnww fii {ad w{tkjdk gntl{jdw dqgdu{ Izgn`jlm !{ad if{{ds }fw n`j{{dk cdgftwd j{ jlgitkdw jlbns`f{jnl

bsn` {ad dl{jsd gntl{z) ln{ htw{ {ad uns{jnl nb {ad gntl{z }j{a @fsgdiitw) flk {atw }ntik cjfw {ad

frdsfmdw*) }djma{dk cz {ad iflk fsdf nb dfga gntl{z, Fgsnww {ad {dl gntl{jdw !n`j{{jlm Izgn`jlm*) 67,6

udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jw n}ldk cz {ad utcijg wdg{ns) 32,= udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz lnl-sdwjkdl{w)

flk 25,3 udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz sdwjkdl{w nb {ad gntl{z, Fgsnww fii {ad gntl{jdw) f ij{{id idww {afl afib nb

{ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jl {ad gntl{jdw !;1,: udsgdl{* jw n}ldk cz {ad ifsmdw{ {dl udsgdl{ nb gntl{z sdwjkdl{

iflkn}ldsw,


9/15


Gdl{ds bns Dgnln`jg " Gn``tlj{z Kdrdinu`dl{ a{{u8..fdwd,uwt,dkt.sdwdfsga.gdl{dsw.gdgk :

[fcid ;, Wafsd nb Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{-N}ldk Iflk Fsdf) cz Kdgjid nb Ingfi Iflkn}ldsw

Wafsd nb Gntl{z Sdwjkdl{-N}ldk Iflk N}ldk cz Kdgjid !Gt`tif{jrd Wafsd*

Kdgjid nb Ingfi

Iflk N}ldsw


iflk

]zn`jlm

Cn{{n` 65$ nb

ingfi iflkn}ldsw

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,3$

!5,3$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

5,3$

!5,3$*

5,6$

!5,6$*

66-35$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

5,6$

!5,3$*

5,7$

!5,;$*

5,3$

!5,7$*

5,7$

!5,;$*

5,6$

!5,3$*

5,3$

!5,7$*

5,3$

!5,3$*

5,6$

!5,3$*

5,3$

!5,7$*

5,7$

!5,2$*

5,3$

!5,7$*

36-75$ nb ingfiiflkn}ldsw

5,3$!5,;$*

5,4$!5,:$*

5,7$!5,2$*

5,;$!5,1$*

5,3$!5,;$*

5,3$!5,4$*

5,7$!5,4$*

5,3$!5,7$*

5,;$!5,=$*

5,2$!6,3$*

5,7$!5,2$*

76-;5$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

5,7$

!5,=$*

5,=$

!6,2$*

5,7$

!5,:$*

5,4$

!6,7$*

5,7$

!5,=$*

5,7$

!5,1$*

5,;4

!5,:$*

5,7$

!5,2$*

5,;$

!6,6$*

5,=$

!6,1$*

5,4$

!6,6$*

;6-45$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

5,2$

!6,3$*

5,:$

!3,4$*

5,4$

!6,;$*

5,=$

!3,5$*

5,;$

!6,6$*

5,;$

!6,3$*

5,2$

!6,4$*

5,4$

!6,3$*

5,=$

!6,1$*

5,:$

!3,=$*

5,1$

!6,:$*

46-25$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

6,6$

!3,7$*

6,;$

!7,:$*

5,1$

!3,7$*

6,6$

!7,5$*

5,=$

!6,1$*

5,=$

!6,:$*

6,5$

!3,2$*

6,5$

!3,3$*

5,1$

!3,2$*

6,3$

!7,:$*

6,3$

!7,6$*

26-=5$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

3,2$

!;,:$*

3,3$

!2,6$*

6,;$

!7,=$*

6,=$

!;,=$*

6,4$

!7,;$*

6,3$

!7,6$*

3,6$

!;,=$*

3,7$

!;,4$*

6,3$

!7,1$*

6,=$

!4,2$*

3,6$

!4,3$*

=6-15$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

2,6$

!66,5$*

7,:$

!65$*

3,1$

!2,4$*

3,:$

!=,2$*

;,=$

!1,6$*

3,7$

!4,;$*

;,2$

!:,7$*

4,6$

!:,4$*

3,6$

!4,:$*

3,:$

!1,4$*

;,4$

!:,=$*

16-:5$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw

62,;$

!3=,7$*

:,1$

!6:,1$*

=,=$

!6;,6$*

=,3$

!6;,=$*

62,;$

!3;,4$*

=,3$

!63,=$*

63,1$

!33,6$*

6;,7$

!37,1$*

4,1$

!66,=$*

2,7$

!6;,1$*

63,1$

!33,4$*

[nu :6-655$ nb

ingfi iflkn}ldsw

=3,=$

!655$*

15,7$

!655$*

14,:$

!655$*

14,7$

!655$*

=4,4$

!655$*

1=,;$

!655$*

==,:$

!655$*

=2,3$

!655$*

11,7$

!655$*

14,3$

!655$*

==,2$

!655$*(Dl{jsd gntl{z) ln{ htw{ {ad w`fiids @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl


Kf{f wntsgd8 Gntl{z uiflljlm nbbjgd iflkn}ldswaju kf{f


10/15



[fcid 4, Iflkn}ldswaju jl Dfga Gntl{z) Cz Fkksdww nb N}lds

Fkksdww nb N}lds

Wafsd nb Iflk Fsdf N}ldk


iflk

]zn`jlm ]djma{dk

Frdsfmd/

Utcijg Wdg{ns!`nw{iz Gn``nl}dfi{a nb

Udllwzirfljf*

1,2$ 4,2$ 61,4$ 63,=$ ;,3$ 73,2$ 7=,4$ 3;,:$ ;,6$ 2,=$ 64,6$ 67,6$

Nt{wjkd nb Gntl{z 76,6$ 6:,4$ 75,2$ 3;,:$ 7;,7$ 6:,5$ 77,3$ 3=,4$ 61,7$ 36,6$ 73,7$ 32,=$

Jlwjkd Gntl{z 25,7$ =4,5$ 45,:$ 23,;$ 26,4$ ;1,;$ 3:,7$ ;=,=$ ==,2$ =3,7$ 43,2$ 25,3$

Csdfokn}l

nbGntl{zSdwjkdl{

N}ldswczKdgjid

Cn{{n` 65$ nb

ingfi iflkn}ldsw5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,5$ 5,5$ 5,5$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$

66-35$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw5,6$ 5,3$ 5,6$ 5,3$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,5$ 5,3$ 5,3$ 5,6$ 5,6$

36-75$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw5,6$ 5,;$ 5,3$ 5,3$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,7$ 5,;$ 5,3$ 5,3$

76-;5$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw5,3$ 5,4$ 5,3$ 5,7$ 5,3$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,6$ 5,7$ 5,4$ 5,7$ 5,7$

;6-45$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw5,;$ 5,=$ 5,7$ 5,;$ 5,3$ 5,3$ 5,3$ 5,3$ 5,4$ 5,=$ 5,;$ 5,;$

46-25$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw5,=$ 6,5$ 5,;$ 5,=$ 5,;$ 5,7$ 5,7$ 5,4$ 5,2$ 5,:$ 5,2$ 5,2$

26-=5$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw6,2$ 6,2$ 5,=$ 6,6$ 5,:$ 5,2$ 5,2$ 6,6$ 5,:$ 6,3$ 6,6$ 6,6$

=6-15$ nb ingfi

iflkn}ldsw7,=$ 3,:$ 6,;$ 6,1$ 3,:$ 6,6$ 6,7$ 3,;$ 6,2$ 3,6$ 3,;$ 3,7$

16-:5$ nb ingfiiflkn}ldsw

:,:$ =,7$ 7,:$ ;,4$ 65,6$ 7,4$ 7,=$ 2,1$ ;,4$ ;,2$ 2,=$ 2,3$

[nu :6-655$nb

ingfi iflkn}ldsw;7,:$ 25,3$ ;7,=$ 47,3$ ;2,;$ ;3,7$ 33,1$ 72,7$ 21,4$ 26,2$ ;5,1$ ;1,:$

(Dl{jsd gntl{z) ln{ htw{ {ad w`fiids @fsgdiitw wafid sdmjnl

/N`j{w Izgn`jlm Gntl{z

Kf{f wntsgd8 Gntl{z uiflljlm nbbjgd iflk n}ldswaju kf{f



11/15



j, Ingfi Gnl{sni !ns Rnjgd* Nrds @fsgdiitw Wafid Kdrdinu`dl{[ad MJW flfizwjw jl [fcid 4 gnlrdzw {ad sdif{jrd rnjgd {af{ iflkn}ldsw afrd {asntma {adjs idfwjlm

kdgjwjnlw fcnt{ }ad{ads @fsgdiitw ksjiijlm wantik nggts }j{ajl {ad gntl{z, Sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl

Ct{ids Gntl{z gnl{sni =4 udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf {adsd) }ajid sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl Wtiijrfl

Gntl{z nliz gnl{sni 3:,7 udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf) sdbidg{jlm ifsmd kjbbdsdlgdw cd{}ddl {ad

gntl{jdw jl w{f{d flk.ns lnl-sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldswaju flk gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldswaju, Ct{ids Gntl{z

jw htw{ lns{a nb Uj{{wctsma) }j{a sdif{jrdiz ij{{id w{f{d n}ldk iflk flk sdif{jrdiz bd}ds wdgnlk an`dw flk

gf`uw, Jl gnl{sfw{) Wtiijrfl Gntl{z jw f rdsz stsfi gntl{z jl {ad lns{adsl {jds) }j{a f rdsz w fii

unutif{jnl !nliz 2);31 jl 3565) fggnskjlm {n {ad T,W, Gdlwtw*, Fi`nw{ {}n-bjb{aw nb {ad iflk jw w{f{d-

n}ldk iflk !7=,4 udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk fsdf*) flk nld-{ajsk jw n}ldk cz udnuid ijrjlm nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z,

[ad ingfi dgnln`z sdijdw adfrjiz tunl {ntsjw` flk wdgnlk an`dw, [adwd kjbbdsdlgdw jl iflkn}ldswaju

fgsnww gntl{jdw sdbidg{ ifsmd rfsjf{jnlw jl {ad dq{dl{ {n }ajga udnuid ijrjlm jl {ad gntl{jdw gfl jlbitdlgd

kdgjwjnlw sdmfskjlm @fsgdiitw kdrdinu`dl{,

[ad Gn``nl}dfi{a mnrdsl`dl{ n}lw fcnt{ 67,6 udsgdl{ nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jl {adwd {dl

Udllwzirfljf gntl{jdw)7 }ajid fl fkkj{jnlfi 32,= udsgdl{ jw n}ldk cz iflkn}ldsw ijrjlm nt{wjkd {ad

sdwudg{jrd gntl{jdw, [nmd{ads) {ajw `dflw {af{ lnl-sdwjkdl{w `fod kdgjwjnlw fcnt{ ;5 udsgdl{ nb {adiflk fsdf jl {adwd gntl{jdw) }j{a {ajw udsgdl{fmd nb lnl-sdwjkdl{ gnl{sni rfszjlm cd{}ddl {ad gntl{jdw)

bsn` 33,; udsgdl{ jl ]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z {n =5,= udsgdl{ jl Wtiijrfl Gntl{z,

[ad rnjgd nb{ad iflkn}ldsw ijrjlm }j{ajl {ad gntl{jdw jw ajmaiz gnlgdl{sf{dk jl f sdif{jrdiz w`fii wafsd

nb iflkn}ldsw, F ij{{id idww {afl afib nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jl {adwd gntl{jdw !;1,: udsgdl{* jw n}ldk cz

{ad {nu 65 udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw, [ajw rfsjdw vtj{d f cj{ fgsnww {ad gntl{jdw) bsn` f in} nb 33,1

udsgdl{ jl Wtiijrfl Gntl{z) {n f ajma nb 21,4 udsgdl{ jl ]fwajlm{nl Gntl{z ![fcid 4*, Jl gnl{sfw{) {ad

cn{{n` 15 udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw {nmd{ads nliz gnl{sni cd{}ddl 3,4 udsgdl{ flk =,; udsgdl{ nb

{ad iflk fsdf jl {adwd gntl{jdw !fkk {ad Cn{{n` 65$ {asntma =6-15$ kdgjidw* !Izgn`jlm flk Ct{ids

gntl{jdw) sdwudg{jrdiz*,

[ad udsgdl{fmd nb gntl{z sdwjkdl{w afrjlm f bns`fi rnjgd jl }ad{ads flk an} lf{tsfi mfw kdrdinu`dl{nggtsw jw w`fiids {afl {adwd lt`cdsw gnlrdz) an}drds) cdgftwd [fcid 4 jmlnsdw gntl{z sdwjkdl{w }an

n}l ln iflk, Fw kjwgtwwdk usdrjntwiz) {ad udsgdl{fmd nb antwdanikw jl {adwd didrdl gntl{jdw }an sdl{)

flk {atw kn ln{ afrd {ad ganjgd nb idfwjlm usnuds{z bns mfw kdrdinu`dl{) sflmdw cd{}ddl 6=,; flk 75,3

udsgdl{,;

7Izgn`jlm Gntl{z jw n`j{{dk bsn` {ajw gfigtif{jnl

; [ad iflkn}ldswaju kf{f jl [fcid 4 flk {ad Gdlwtw antwdanik sdl{jlm.n}ldswaju jlbns`f{jnl gflln{

cd kjsdg{iz gn`cjldk cdgftwd {ad bns`ds jlgitkdw ctwjldww) atl{jlm gf`u) iflk {stw{) flk n{ads lnl-

antwdanik usnuds{z n}ldsw,


12/15



jj, Kjw{sjct{jnl nb Idfwd flk Snzfi{z Kniifsw[ad iflkn}ldswaju kf{f jl [fcid 4 fiwn sdbidg{w an} idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw bsn` @fsgdiitw Wafid

kdrdinu`dl{ }jii cd kjw{sjct{dk jl ingf{jnlw }adsd {ad iflk n}ldsw fiwn n}l {ad `jldsfi sjma{w, Gntl{z

sdwjkdl{w) jlgitkjlm jlkjrjktfiw) antwdanikw) ingfi ctwjldwwdw) atl{jlm gfùw) flk n{ads n}ldsw cfwdk jl

{ad gntl{z) }jii sdgdjrd fcnt{ 25,3 udsgdl{ nb fii idfwjlm flk snzfi{z kniifsw mdldsf{dk cz ksjiijlm jl {ad

{dl gntl{jdw,4 Lnl-gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw }jii sdgdjrd fcnt{ 32,= udsgdl{ nb fii idfwd flk snzfi{z

kniifsw) }ajid {ad utcijg wdg{ns }jii sdgdjrd fcnt{ 67,6 udsgdl{,

[ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb idfwd flk snzfi{z jlgn`d f`nlm gntl{z sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jw jkdl{jgfi {n {ad

kjw{sjct{jnl nb iflk n}ldswaju flk rnjgd fw kjwgtwwdk jl {ad usdrjntw wdg{jnl, [ad {nu 65 udsgdl{ nb

{ad ifsmdw{ ingfi iflkn}ldsw jl {ad gntl{jdw }jii sdgdjrd cd{}ddl 33,1 udsgdl{ flk 21,4 udsgdl{ nb fii

idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw mdldsf{dk jl {anwd gntl{jdw !Wtiijrfl flk ]fwajlm{nl gntl{jdw) sdwudg{jrdiz*,

Fw }j{a {ad ingfi rnjgd) {ad kjw{sjct{jnl nb {adwd idfwd ns snzfi{z kniifsw f`nlm fii sdwjkdl{w }jii cd

`nsd gnlgdl{sf{dk {afl {ad kdgjidw jl [fcid 4 jlkjgf{d cdgftwd {ad flfizwjw n`j{w sdwjkdl{w }an sdl{,

;, Jùijgf{jnlw[ad MJW flfizwjw jlkjgf{dw {af{ n}ldswaju nb {ad iflk jl {ad Udllwzirfljf gntl{jdw }j{a {ad `nw{

@fsgdiitw ksjiijlm fg{jrj{z jw gnlgdl{sf{dk jl f sdif{jrdiz w`fii wafsd nb sdwjkdl{w) flk jl n}ldsw bsn`

nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z, [ad `fhnsj{z nb sdwjkdl{w nb {adwd gntl{jdw {nmd{ads n}l ij{{id nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf)

flk wn afrd sdif{jrdiz ij{{id rnjgd jl {ad gsj{jgfi idfwjlm kdgjwjnlw }ajga fbbdg{ }ad{ads flk an}

@fsgdiitw wafid ksjiijlm }jii nggts jl {adjs gntl{z, Afib nb {ad sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw jl {ad gntl{jdw

{nmd{ads nliz gnl{sni 6,6 udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk fsdf) flk sdl{dsw afrd ln rnjgd f{ fii, Sf{ads j{ jw {ad {nu

65 udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw) uitw nt{wjkd iflkn}ldsw !cn{a utcijg flk usjrf{d*) }an fsd fcid {n

`fod {ad `fhns idfwjlm kdgjwjnlw {af{ fbbdg{ {ad sdw{ nb {ad gn``tlj{z, Jl wn`d gntl{jdw) wtga fw

Wtiijrfl) [jnmf) flk Izgn`jlm) lnl-sdwjkdl{w afrd nsd rnjgd fcnt{ }af{ nggtsw {afl kn gntl{z

sdwjkdl{w) cdgftwd `nsd {afl afib nb {ad iflk jw n}ldk cz {anwd nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z,

[ad flfizwjw bts{ads`nsd jlkjgf{dw {af{ f fhnsj{z nb idfwd flk snzfi{z jlgn`d bsn` @fsgdiitw wafid

kdrdinu`dl{ }jii mn {n f sdif{jrdiz w`fii wafsd nb {ad sdwjkdl{ unutif{jnl jl {adwd gntl{jdw) }j{a tga

nb {ad sd`fjlkds mnjlm {n n{adsw nt{wjkd {ad gntl{jdw, F ij{{id idww {afl afib !;1,: udsgdl{* nb {ad idfwd

flk snzfi{z kniifsw jl {adwd gntl{jdw }jii mn {n {ad {nu {dl udsgdl{ nb ingfi iflkn}ldsw) }ajid 7:,1

udsgdl{ }jii mn {n {ad utcijg wdg{ns ns lnl-sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw, [ad sd`fjljlm 66,7 udsgdl{ nb idfwd

flk snzfi{z jlgn`d }jii cd kjrjkdk cd{}ddl {ad cn{{n` :5 udsgdl{ nb ingfi iflkn}ldsw,

Sdgdl{ w{tkjdw wan} {af{ {ad dgnln`jg cdldbj{w bsn` wafid mfw kdrdinu`dl{ fsd `nsd {afl htw{ {adwd

idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw) wn sdwjkdl{w n}ljlm ij{{id ns ln iflk fz cd cdldbj{{jlm jl n{ads }fzw bsn`

@fsgdiitw wafid kdrdinu`dl{, Tldùinz`dl{ sf{dw mdldsfiiz afrd cddl in}ds jl gntl{jdw }j{a `tga

@fsgdiitw wafid fg{jrj{z !Gdl{ds bns ]nsobnsgd Jlbns`f{jnl flk Flfizwjw) 3566*) bns dqfùid) flk sd{fji

wfidw afrd jlgsdfwdk ksf`f{jgfiiz jl wn`d @fsgdiitw gntl{jdw !Gnw{flxn flk Odiwdz) 3563*, @flz ingfictwjldwwdw fsd sduns{jlm wjmljbjgfl{ jlgsdfwdw jl wfidw !]fsk flk Odiwdz) 3566*, An} csnfk-cfwdk {adwd

cdldbj{w fsd flk an} {adz fsd kjw{sjct{dk f`nlm sdwjkdl{w jw tlgidfs bsn` {adwd usjns w{tkjdw) an}drds)

ct{ jw jùns{fl{ {n oln} {n tlkdsw{flk {ad dgnln`jg flk gn``tlj{z jùijgf{jnlw nb @fsgdiitw wafid

kdrdinu`dl{) ufs{jgtifsiz bns {ad :5 udsgdl{ nb ingfi iflkn}ldsw }j{a ij{{id iflk) flk bns {ad antwdanikw

}an sdl{,

4Gfigtif{jnl n`j{w Izgn`jlm Gntl{z


13/15



J{ jw gidfs bsn` dqudsjdlgd {af{ sdwjkdl{w jl {ad gntl{jdw }j{a `tga ksjiijlm fg{jrj{z fsd kdfijlm }j{a

kjwstu{jnlw flk gaflmd) wtga fw sjwjlm sdl{w flk antwjlm usjgdw flk antwjlm wans{fmdw !]jiijf wnl flk

Onic) 3566*) wjmljbjgfl{ jlgsdfwdw jl {sfbbjg flk snfk gnlmdw{jnl) gaflmjlm kd`flkw bns ingfi mnrdsl`dl{

wdsrjgdw) flk jlgsdfwdk gnlbijg{ }j{ajl {ad gn``tlj{z !Hfgvtd{) 355:? Odiwdz flk ]fsk) 3566*) gnlgdslw

fcnt{ dlrjsnl`dl{fi gnlwdvtdlgdw !W{dk`fl d{ fi) 3566*) w{tkdl{ {tslnrds jl utcijg wganniw fw bf`jijdw

`nrd bsn` kjw{sjg{ {n kjw{sjg{ jl wdfsga nb gadfuds sdl{ !Wgafbb{) Midllf) Cnsit flk Msddl 3566*) flk

gaflmdw jl {ad iflkwgfud !Fi{ds) d{ fi) 3565*, [ad kdgjwjnlw cz lnl-sdwjkdl{ n}ldsw flk cz {ad

sdif{jrdiz w`fii wafsd nb sdwjkdl{w }an n}l {ad fhnsj{z nb iflk {atw gfl afrd usnbntlk jùijgf{jnlw bns

{ad vtfij{z nb ijbd bns drdsznld diwd jl {ad gn``tlj{z,

[ad flfizwjw jl {ajw w{tkz fwwt`dw {af{ iflkn}ldsw n}l {ad `jldsfi sjma{w tlkds {adjs usnuds{z, [ajw

fwwtù{jnl ijodiz anikw jl {ad Udllwzirfljf gntl{jdw }ajga afrd ln{ dqudsjdlgdk tga ufw{ gnfi ns mfw

dq{sfg{jnl) wtga fw jl {ad Lns{adsl [jds) }adsd {adsd afw cddl ij{{id usjns jl{dsdw{ ns cdldbj{ {n wdrdsjlm

wtsbfgd flk `jldsfi sjma{w, Jl gnl{sfw{) `flz nb {ad gntl{jdw jl Wnt{a}dw{ Udllwzirfljf afrd

dqudsjdlgdk usjns gnfi ns mfw kdrdinu`dl{) flk {atw wtsbfgd flk `jldsfi sjma{w }dsd wuij{ ns wdufsf{dk

mdldsf{jnlw fmn, Ktd {n {ad `nrd`dl{ nb sdwjkdl{w }j{ajl {ad Gn``nl}dfi{a flk {ad f`ntl{ nb nt{-

`jmsf{jnl bsn` Udllwzirfljf nrds {ad kdgfkdw) {ad usnuns{jnl nb jldsfi sjma{w n}ldk cz gntl{z

sdwjkdl{w ijodiz jw in}ds {afl {ad usnuns{jnl nb iflk n}ldk cz sdwjkdl{w jl {adwd gntl{jdw }j{a usjns gnfiflk mfw kdrdinu`dl{, [ad flfizwjw jl {ajw w{tkz {atw ijodiz nrdsdw{j`f{dw {ad ingfi gnl{sni jl {adwd

gntl{jdw) flk {ad f`ntl{ nb idfwd flk snzfi{z kniifsw mnjlm {n gntl{z sdwjkdl{w, Cdgftwd ingfi gnfi flk

n{ads sdwntsgd dq{sfg{jnl gnùfljdw }dsd fg{jrd utsgafwdsw flk fmmsdmf{nsw nb `jldsfi sjma{w ktsjlm

{ad usjns gnfi flk mfw sdwntsgd kdrdinu`dl{ jl {adwd gntl{jdw) {ad flfizwjw fiwn ijodiz tlkdsdw{j f{dw

{ad gnlgdl{sf{jnl nb n}ldswaju }j{ajl {anwd gntl{jdw,

Jl fkkj{jnl) {ad idfwd flk snzfi{z jlgn`d kjw{sjct{jnl kjwgtwwjnl fwwt`dw {af{ {adsd fsd ln{ `fhns

kjbbdsdlgdw jl idfwd sf{dw flk snzfi{z wafsdw cd{}ddl iflkn}ldsw, Zd{ fldgkn{dw fcnt{ idfwjlm

gn``nliz wtmmdw{ {af{ n}ldsw nb ifsmds ufsgdiw nb{dl afrd cddl fcid {n ldmn{jf{d cd{{ds idfwjlm {ds`w

{afl afrd w`fiids ufsgdi n}ldsw, [n {ad dq{dl{ {af{ ifsmds iflkn}ldsw fsd sdgdjrjlm ajmads idfwd ns

snzfi{z sf{dw {afl fsd w`fiids ufsgdi n}ldsw) {ad w{tkz tlkdsdw{j`f{dw {ad usnuns{jnl nb idfwd flk

snzfi{z kniifsw mnjlm {n {ad ifsmdw{ iflkn}ldsw,

Wn`d nb {ad iflk jl {ad w{tkz jw n}ldk cz atl{jlm gfùw) }an }dsd gnlwjkdsdk ingfi jb {ad n}ldsw

`fjijlm fkksdww jl {ad {fq sdgnsk }fw }j{ajl {ad gntl{z, Wn`d nb {adwd gfùw `fz twd f ingfi fkksdww

bns {ad {fq sdgnskw !wtga fw {ad fkksdww nb f gfsdmjrds ns `flfmds*) drdl jb`flz nb {ad gfùw fg{tfi

n}ldsw ijrd nt{wjkd {ad gntl{z, Wj`jifs {n {ad iflkn}ldswaju-`jldsfi n}ldswaju fwwtù{jnl kdwgsjcdk

dfsijds) jl wtga gfwdw {ad flfizwjw }jii nrdsdw{j`f{d {ad f`ntl{ flk gnlgdl{sf{jnl nb ingfi

iflkn}ldswaju }j{ajl {ad gntl{z,

Udllwzirfljf if} ij`j{w {ad fcjij{jdw nb ingfi mnrdsl`dl{w {n sdmtif{d ns gnl{sni wafid mfw kdrdinu`dl{)

}ajga `dflw n}ldsw kdgjwjnlw fcnt{ }ad{ads {n idfwd) flk }j{a }af{ gnlkj{jnlw) fsd {ad usj`fsz ingfi

sdwjkdl{ rnjgd {af{ fbbdg{w }adsd mfw kdrdinu`dl{ nggtsw, [ad gnlgdl{sf{jnl nb iflkn}ldswaju) fw

kd{fjidk jl {ad flfizwjw usdwdl{dk adsd) dflw {af{ {ad `fhnsj{z nb sdwjkdl{w jl {ad gntl{jdw }j{a

@fsgdiitw wafid kdrdinu`dl{ afrd sdif{jrdiz ij{{id rnjgd jl {adwd kdgjwjnlw }ajga afrd wjmljbjgfl{

jùijgf{jnlw bns {adjs gn``tlj{jdw flk bns {adjs n}l vtfij{z nb ijbd, F ij{{id idww {afl bns{z udsgdl{ nb {ad

iflk fsdf }j{ajl {adwd didrdl gntl{jdw jw n}ldk cz lnl-sdwjkdl{w !jlgitkjlm {ad Gn``nl}dfi{a* }an

kn ln{ afrd {n ijrd }j{a {ad kfz-{n-kfz ltjwflgdw flk gnw{w nb lf{tsfi mfw kdrdinu`dl{) ct{ zd{ afrd

un{dl{jfi mfjl {asntma idfwd flk snzfi{z jlgn`d, Fcnt{ ;1,: udsgdl{ nb {ad iflk jw n}ldk cz {ad {nu {dl

udsgdl{ nb sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw) }an afrd f ifsmd un{dl{jfi dgnln`jg mfjl bsn` mfw kdrdinu`dl{ ktd {n

{ad f`ntl{ nb iflk {adz n}l,


14/15


Gdl{ds bns Dgnln`jg " Gn``tlj{z Kdrdinu`dl{ a{{u8..fdwd,uwt,dkt.sdwdfsga.gdl{dsw.gdgk 6;

[ad sdw{ nb {ad sdwjkdl{ iflkn}ldsw) jl gnl{sfw{) n}l f rdsz w`fii wafsd nb {ad {n{fi iflk fsdf jl {adwd

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