Shakespeare

MURDER

LOVE BETRAYAL

MYSTERY

FRIENDSHIP

MIX-UPS

Three Types of Plays We’ll Focus On

Comedies

HistoriesTragedies

•Tragic Flaw•Fate•Death, chaos•Extreme circumstances•Malice, greed, evil, prejudice

•Laugh at human nature•Obstacles to love•Happy endings

•Historical Characters•Power, greed, political corruption•Royalty

ComediesComedies

A Shakespearean comedy is one that A Shakespearean comedy is one that has a has a happy endinghappy ending, usually , usually involving involving marriagemarriage for all the for all the unmarried characters, and a tone unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more and style that is more lightheartedlighthearted than Shakespeare's other plays.than Shakespeare's other plays.

ComediesComediesPatterns in the comedies include both Patterns in the comedies include both internalinternal

and and externalexternal conflictsconflicts, and a tension between , and a tension between Apollonian and Dionysian (Apollonian and Dionysian (light vs. darklight vs. dark) ) values.values.

Shakespearean comedies also tend to have:Shakespearean comedies also tend to have:A struggle of young lovers to overcome difficulty A struggle of young lovers to overcome difficulty

that is often presented by elders that is often presented by elders Separation and unification Separation and unification Mistaken identities Mistaken identities A clever servant A clever servant Heightened tensions, often within a family Heightened tensions, often within a family Multiple, intertwining plots Multiple, intertwining plots Frequent use of puns Frequent use of puns

TragediesTragediesThe protagonist must be:

an admirable but flawed character, whom the audience is able to understand and sympathize with.

capable of both good and evil.

The playwright always insists on the doctrine of free will:the (anti)hero is always able to

back out, to redeem himself. But, the author dictates, he must move unheedingly to his doom.

TragediesTragedies

Love tragedies--These tragedies differ from the other tragedies in that:the lovers are not doomed through any

fault of their own, but because of some barrier in the world around them.

death is almost a kind of consummation of their love -- as if love can not properly succeed in a tragic world.

HistoriesHistoriesThe source for most of these plays is the The source for most of these plays is the

well known Raphael Holinshed's well known Raphael Holinshed's ChronicleChronicle of English history. of English history. Shakespeare's plays focus on only a Shakespeare's plays focus on only a small part of the characters' livessmall part of the characters' lives and and frequently omit significant events for frequently omit significant events for dramatic purposes.dramatic purposes.

HistoriesHistoriesShakespeare was living under the reign of Shakespeare was living under the reign of

Elizabeth I, the last monarch of the house of Elizabeth I, the last monarch of the house of Tudor, and his history plays are often Tudor, and his history plays are often regarded as Tudor propaganda because they:regarded as Tudor propaganda because they:

show the show the dangersdangers of civil war. of civil war. celebrate the celebrate the foundersfounders of the Tudor dynasty. of the Tudor dynasty.illustrate the spectacular illustrate the spectacular declinedecline of the of the

medieval world and how it came to its end medieval world and how it came to its end when when opportunism*opportunism* infiltrated its politics. infiltrated its politics.

** a political style of aiming to increase one's political influence at a political style of aiming to increase one's political influence at almost any price, or a political style which involves seizing every almost any price, or a political style which involves seizing every and any opportunity to extend one's political influence, whenever and any opportunity to extend one's political influence, whenever such opportunities arise. such opportunities arise.

Three Types of Plays We’ll Focus Three Types of Plays We’ll Focus OnOn

Comedies

HistoriesTragedies

•Tragic Flaw•Fate•Death, chaos•Extreme circumstances•Malice, greed, evil, prejudice

•Laugh at human nature•Obstacles to love•Happy endings

•Historical Characters•Power, greed, political corruption•Royalty

YOUR TASKYOUR TASK

You will be shown several You will be shown several summaries of Shakespeare plays. summaries of Shakespeare plays. For each play you will:For each play you will:

1.1.PredictPredict how the play will end. how the play will end.

2.2.Upon discovering the ending, Upon discovering the ending, determinedetermine whether it is a comedy, whether it is a comedy, tragedy, or history.tragedy, or history.

Love’s Labours LostLove’s Labours Lost➢A king and his buddies make an oath to ignore women for school A king and his buddies make an oath to ignore women for school work for three yearswork for three years➢A Princess of France and her ladies show up to talk to the king.A Princess of France and her ladies show up to talk to the king.➢The King and his buddies fall in love with the girls and break their The King and his buddies fall in love with the girls and break their oath.oath.➢The boys send love letters that are not delivered to the correct ladiesThe boys send love letters that are not delivered to the correct ladies➢The Ladies play tricks on the boysThe Ladies play tricks on the boys➢The Princess learns her dad is deadThe Princess learns her dad is dead➢The Princess and her ladies leave the men so she can rule her The Princess and her ladies leave the men so she can rule her country.country.

HamletHamlet

Hamlet returns home form school to find his father dead, and his Hamlet returns home form school to find his father dead, and his uncle married to his mother.uncle married to his mother.

Claudius, the new king, persuades Hamlet to stay home from Claudius, the new king, persuades Hamlet to stay home from school.school.

Hamlet meets his father's ghost and is told to discover his Hamlet meets his father's ghost and is told to discover his murderer.murderer.

Hamlet and Ophelia get together, then he drops her and makes her Hamlet and Ophelia get together, then he drops her and makes her go insane.go insane.

Hamlet tries to get his mother off Claudius' side and ends up killing Hamlet tries to get his mother off Claudius' side and ends up killing Polonius.Polonius.

Ophelia is drownedOphelia is drowned

Laertes, Polonius' son, decides he must avenge his father's death Laertes, Polonius' son, decides he must avenge his father's death by killing Hamlet in a dueling competition.by killing Hamlet in a dueling competition.

Hamlet poisons the King's wine. The queen drinks it first and dies.Hamlet poisons the King's wine. The queen drinks it first and dies.

Hamlet and Laertes are both touched with a poisoned sword, but Hamlet and Laertes are both touched with a poisoned sword, but before Hamlet dies, he makes Claudius confess, stabs him, and before Hamlet dies, he makes Claudius confess, stabs him, and makes him drink the poison wine, Claudius dies and Hamlet soon makes him drink the poison wine, Claudius dies and Hamlet soon follows.follows.

King JohnKing John John is the weak son of King Henry II and brother of the late King John is the weak son of King Henry II and brother of the late King

Richard the Lion Heart.Richard the Lion Heart. Queen Elinor is the mother of John and Prince Henry is John's son.Queen Elinor is the mother of John and Prince Henry is John's son. Arthur is the son of Richard the Lion Heart.Arthur is the son of Richard the Lion Heart. Arthur's mother, Constance enters into a power struggle. Aligning Arthur's mother, Constance enters into a power struggle. Aligning

herself to the French king so that she can claim the throne for her son.herself to the French king so that she can claim the throne for her son. The countries go to war and there is religious conflictsThe countries go to war and there is religious conflicts Arthur is believed to be dead.Arthur is believed to be dead. Constance kills herself, after going mad.Constance kills herself, after going mad. Queen Elinor dies.Queen Elinor dies. Arthur is not dead, but tires to escape imprisonment and falls onto Arthur is not dead, but tires to escape imprisonment and falls onto

rocks and dies.rocks and dies. King John is poisoned.King John is poisoned. Cardinal Pandulph forges a peace agreement between England and Cardinal Pandulph forges a peace agreement between England and

France.France. John’s son Henry becomes king.John’s son Henry becomes king.

MacbethMacbeth During a battle, Macbeth mutilated/maimed a traitor and King Duncan During a battle, Macbeth mutilated/maimed a traitor and King Duncan

decides to honour him.decides to honour him. The witches 'tempt' Macbeth with the idea of being king and they make The witches 'tempt' Macbeth with the idea of being king and they make

lots of confusing predictionslots of confusing predictions Duncan names his son, Malcolm, the Prince of Cumberland and goes to Duncan names his son, Malcolm, the Prince of Cumberland and goes to

Macbeth's for arrestMacbeth's for arrest Lady Macbeth asks the witches to help her be more manly so she can Lady Macbeth asks the witches to help her be more manly so she can

help her husband kill Duncan.help her husband kill Duncan. Macbeth tries to back out, Lady M. talks him back into it, they get Macbeth tries to back out, Lady M. talks him back into it, they get

Duncan's servants drunk, Lord M. has an insane floating dagger Duncan's servants drunk, Lord M. has an insane floating dagger moment, kills the king, Lady M. smears blood on the servants, they're moment, kills the king, Lady M. smears blood on the servants, they're blamed and executed by Macbeth's order.blamed and executed by Macbeth's order.

Macbeth is now king, but he think Banquo may know something so he Macbeth is now king, but he think Banquo may know something so he hires 2 thugs to kill them; Banquo is killed, but his son escapes.hires 2 thugs to kill them; Banquo is killed, but his son escapes.

Macbeth has a banquet, the bloody ghost of Banquo appears, Macbeth Macbeth has a banquet, the bloody ghost of Banquo appears, Macbeth is the only one who can see it, and he's looked at as insane.is the only one who can see it, and he's looked at as insane.

Macbeth visits the witches to get some answers and learns of his own Macbeth visits the witches to get some answers and learns of his own death and destruction.death and destruction.

He decides to wipe out Macduff and he kills Macduff's family.He decides to wipe out Macduff and he kills Macduff's family. Lady M. goes mad from guilt and dies.Lady M. goes mad from guilt and dies. In battle, Macbeth faces Macduff and Macduff whacks his head off and In battle, Macbeth faces Macduff and Macduff whacks his head off and

carries it into Malcolm.carries it into Malcolm.

Twelfth NightTwelfth Night➢ Viola is shipwrecked and separated from her twin brother.Viola is shipwrecked and separated from her twin brother.➢ She sees Olivia and decides to help her get her man, Duke Orsino.She sees Olivia and decides to help her get her man, Duke Orsino.➢ Viola dresses like a boy so she can get in close to the Duke.Viola dresses like a boy so she can get in close to the Duke.➢ Olivia falls for Cesario (Viola's alias)Olivia falls for Cesario (Viola's alias)➢ Sebastian shows up and falls for Olivia.Sebastian shows up and falls for Olivia.➢ Olivia thinks he is Cesario and marries him.Olivia thinks he is Cesario and marries him.➢ Sebastian and Viola reunite when the Duke comes to see Olivia.Sebastian and Viola reunite when the Duke comes to see Olivia.➢ Viola reveals she's a girlViola reveals she's a girl➢ She gets together with the DukeShe gets together with the Duke

Titus Andronicus Titus Andronicus The emperor dies and his tow sons, Bassianus ans Saturninus, want the The emperor dies and his tow sons, Bassianus ans Saturninus, want the

throne. throne. Marcus, Titus' brother, wants him to take the throne.Marcus, Titus' brother, wants him to take the throne. Titus says 'no' and supports Saturninus.Titus says 'no' and supports Saturninus. Saturn takes Tamora, the queen of the Goths to be his queen and Bass Saturn takes Tamora, the queen of the Goths to be his queen and Bass

takes Lavinia.takes Lavinia. Titus kills his own son, felling he was dishonored and his sons denounce Titus kills his own son, felling he was dishonored and his sons denounce

him for killing Mutius.him for killing Mutius. There are a lot of fights between families.There are a lot of fights between families. Aaron, a bad guy, and Tamora get together, plot with her sons to kill Bass Aaron, a bad guy, and Tamora get together, plot with her sons to kill Bass

and maim Lavinia an put the blame on Titus' sonand maim Lavinia an put the blame on Titus' son Titus pleads for them and he cuts off his hand as requested by Aaron, but Titus pleads for them and he cuts off his hand as requested by Aaron, but

this sons are executed anyway.this sons are executed anyway. Titus tells his last son, Lucius, to raise an army of Goths against the Titus tells his last son, Lucius, to raise an army of Goths against the

emperor.emperor. Lucius find Aaron, forces him to reveal the entire plot, goes to a banquet Lucius find Aaron, forces him to reveal the entire plot, goes to a banquet

where Titus kills Tamora's sons and does unthinkable things with them where Titus kills Tamora's sons and does unthinkable things with them afterward.afterward.

The bloodbath continues until the only one living is Lucius who is asked to The bloodbath continues until the only one living is Lucius who is asked to be the new Emperor.be the new Emperor.

The TempestThe Tempest Prospero reigns over an enchanted island with his daughter Miranda.Prospero reigns over an enchanted island with his daughter Miranda. He uses magic to create a tempest to make a ship wreckHe uses magic to create a tempest to make a ship wreck The guys on the boat took Prospero's dukedom 12 years earlierThe guys on the boat took Prospero's dukedom 12 years earlier Ferdinand, one of those shipwrecked, is washed up alone on a Ferdinand, one of those shipwrecked, is washed up alone on a

deserted part of the islanddeserted part of the island He discovers Miranda and they fall in love.He discovers Miranda and they fall in love. Those shipwrecked are tricked by Ariel, an invisible sprite who works Those shipwrecked are tricked by Ariel, an invisible sprite who works

for Prosperofor Prospero Prospero meets up with them and is really mean.Prospero meets up with them and is really mean. Alonso, Prospero's brother, is happy for Ferdinand and restores the Alonso, Prospero's brother, is happy for Ferdinand and restores the

dukedom to his brother.dukedom to his brother.

Henry VHenry V England wars with FranceEngland wars with France Henry V and his forces meet resistance from FranceHenry V and his forces meet resistance from France England is united under his leadership and win HarfleurEngland is united under his leadership and win Harfleur Wins the Battle of Agincourt and the French King SurrendersWins the Battle of Agincourt and the French King Surrenders French King offers Henry the hand of his daughter, Katherine, to French King offers Henry the hand of his daughter, Katherine, to

marriage, uniting England and Francemarriage, uniting England and France Peace rules, until Henry V died.Peace rules, until Henry V died. Henry VI comes into power and war looms againHenry VI comes into power and war looms again

Midsummer Night’s DreamMidsummer Night’s Dream

Titania and Oberon both want the same little boy.Titania and Oberon both want the same little boy.

Oberon has Puck put a love spell on Titania to be mean.Oberon has Puck put a love spell on Titania to be mean.

Titania wakes up and falls for Bottom.Titania wakes up and falls for Bottom.

Titania’s love spell wears off and she gets mad at OberonTitania’s love spell wears off and she gets mad at Oberon

Titania and Oberon make up.Titania and Oberon make up.

Hermia wants Lysander.Hermia wants Lysander.

Helena wants Demetrius.Helena wants Demetrius.

Athenian Craftsmen rehearse a play in the forest. Athenian Craftsmen rehearse a play in the forest. Demetrius wants Demetrius wants Hermia.Hermia.

Bottom is cursed by Puck and grows a donkey’s head.Bottom is cursed by Puck and grows a donkey’s head. They all go into the They all go into the forest.forest.

Bottom loses his donkey headBottom loses his donkey head Love spells are Love spells are mistaken mistaken

The actors perform at the Duke’s Wedding.The actors perform at the Duke’s Wedding. and fixed.and fixed.

The girls get who they want. The girls get who they want.

Taming of the ShrewTaming of the Shrew Katherine, a mean chic, hates that her sister is getting all the male Katherine, a mean chic, hates that her sister is getting all the male

attentionattention Petruccio comes to town.Petruccio comes to town. Bianca's 'boys' tempt Petruccio to marry Kate for her money.Bianca's 'boys' tempt Petruccio to marry Kate for her money. Petruccio is all about wealth.Petruccio is all about wealth. He 'woos' Kate in a day.He 'woos' Kate in a day. Petruccio shows up on Sunday to marry her dressed like Petruccio shows up on Sunday to marry her dressed like

an idiot.an idiot. He takes her to his home and treats her horribly.He takes her to his home and treats her horribly. She decides to at nice so she can visit her home again.She decides to at nice so she can visit her home again. They live wealthy bliss ever after.They live wealthy bliss ever after.

Bianca likes all the male attention.Bianca likes all the male attention.The 'boys' disguise themselves so they can get close to her.The 'boys' disguise themselves so they can get close to her.She falls for LucentioShe falls for LucentioShe marries him, but turns into a wenchy wife.She marries him, but turns into a wenchy wife.

The Comedy of Errors The Comedy of Errors A set of twins, both named Antipholus, are separated as infants.A set of twins, both named Antipholus, are separated as infants. Antipholus of Syracuse goes to Ephesus to find his brother.Antipholus of Syracuse goes to Ephesus to find his brother. Antipholus of Syracuse takes his servant, Dromio, also one in a set Antipholus of Syracuse takes his servant, Dromio, also one in a set

of separated twins.of separated twins. The two sets of twins are unknowingly in the same town.The two sets of twins are unknowingly in the same town. There is a lot of mistaken identity and chaos.There is a lot of mistaken identity and chaos. The brothers are reunited with each other and their long lost The brothers are reunited with each other and their long lost

parents.parents.

King LearKing Lear King Lear wants to give up his throne and divide his kingdom King Lear wants to give up his throne and divide his kingdom

between his three girlsbetween his three girls They had to butter him up somehow, but Cordelia doesn't want to They had to butter him up somehow, but Cordelia doesn't want to

war with her sisters.war with her sisters. Lear disinherits her and separates her inheritance between her Lear disinherits her and separates her inheritance between her

two bad sisters and their husbands.two bad sisters and their husbands. He goes to live with his daughters for a month and both are He goes to live with his daughters for a month and both are

horrible to him.horrible to him. Lear goes crazy and he finds Cordelia who helps him.Lear goes crazy and he finds Cordelia who helps him. In a war, Edmund captures Cordelia and LearIn a war, Edmund captures Cordelia and Lear Lear's madness lefts and he's happy to be with Cordelia.Lear's madness lefts and he's happy to be with Cordelia. Edmund tires to save Lear and Cordlia, but is too late; Cordelia is Edmund tires to save Lear and Cordlia, but is too late; Cordelia is

hanged.hanged. The show ends with Lear carrying Cordelia's corpse an then dying The show ends with Lear carrying Cordelia's corpse an then dying

himself of grief.himself of grief.

The Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of Venice

Bassanio wants to go to Venice to date Portia, but has no money.Bassanio wants to go to Venice to date Portia, but has no money. Antonio loans him money that he borrowed form Shylock the Jew.Antonio loans him money that he borrowed form Shylock the Jew. Bassanio wins and marries Portia.Bassanio wins and marries Portia. Shylock demands a pound of flesh from Antonio for breach of Shylock demands a pound of flesh from Antonio for breach of

contract.contract. Bassanio hears Antonio can’t pay Shylock back so he goes to help Bassanio hears Antonio can’t pay Shylock back so he goes to help

him.him. Portia an Nerissa, her maid, dress up like a lawyer and clerk to help Portia an Nerissa, her maid, dress up like a lawyer and clerk to help

Antonio.Antonio. Portia wins the case against AntonioPortia wins the case against Antonio Portia and Nerissa play a mean trick on their husbands.Portia and Nerissa play a mean trick on their husbands. Everyone but Shylock lives happily ever after.Everyone but Shylock lives happily ever after.

Timon of AthensTimon of Athens Timon, a wealthy Athenian, is generous and soon poor.Timon, a wealthy Athenian, is generous and soon poor. Timon asks the government and those who received gifts from him Timon asks the government and those who received gifts from him

to help, but they all refuse.to help, but they all refuse. He gives one last banquet, invites all the ungratefuls, serves them He gives one last banquet, invites all the ungratefuls, serves them

warm water and throws stones at them.warm water and throws stones at them. He decides to become a hermit and exile himself from Athens.He decides to become a hermit and exile himself from Athens. While digging for food, he finds gold an people come asking for While digging for food, he finds gold an people come asking for

handoutshandouts Timon announces he's planning to die soon.Timon announces he's planning to die soon. When a captain invades Athens, he sends a messenger to Timon When a captain invades Athens, he sends a messenger to Timon

asking for help, but discovers that hi is already dead.asking for help, but discovers that hi is already dead. The senators agree to the captain's terms and surrender the city to The senators agree to the captain's terms and surrender the city to

him.him. He promises not to kill anyone except for those who opposed him He promises not to kill anyone except for those who opposed him

and Timon and Timon

Measure For MeasureMeasure For Measure The Duke decides to appoint Angelo to rule while he watches The Duke decides to appoint Angelo to rule while he watches

in disguise.in disguise. Claudio gets his fiancée pregnant before getting married and Claudio gets his fiancée pregnant before getting married and

was jailed by Angelo.was jailed by Angelo. Isabella, Claudio's sister and almost a nun plead for her Isabella, Claudio's sister and almost a nun plead for her

brother’s life.brother’s life. Angelo decides that if Isabella will sleep with him, he’ll let Angelo decides that if Isabella will sleep with him, he’ll let

Claudio go.Claudio go. Isabella tells Claudio about the proposition, and he tells her to Isabella tells Claudio about the proposition, and he tells her to

go through with itgo through with it The Duke overhears and decides to trap Angelo by The Duke overhears and decides to trap Angelo by

substituting another condemned man for Claudio and sending substituting another condemned man for Claudio and sending another women in to him.another women in to him.

They trick Angelo, who goes ahead with the killing anyway.They trick Angelo, who goes ahead with the killing anyway. The duke reveals himself, Isabella accuses Angelo of being The duke reveals himself, Isabella accuses Angelo of being

bad, and Claudio shows he’s alive.bad, and Claudio shows he’s alive. The duke makes Claudio marry Juliet, Angelo marry Mariana, The duke makes Claudio marry Juliet, Angelo marry Mariana,

and he marries Isabellaand he marries Isabella

Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet Romeo gets dumped by Rosaline and crashes a Capulet party that Romeo gets dumped by Rosaline and crashes a Capulet party that

Juliet just happens to be at.Juliet just happens to be at. Romeo sees Juliet and falls instantly in love and vice versa.Romeo sees Juliet and falls instantly in love and vice versa. Unfortunately, the two families are involved in an ancient feud.Unfortunately, the two families are involved in an ancient feud. The young couple has a whirlwind courtship in secret.The young couple has a whirlwind courtship in secret. They get help from Friar Lawrence and her nurse to get married.They get help from Friar Lawrence and her nurse to get married. Romeo tries to stop a Capulet/Montague fight and Mercutio, Romeo tries to stop a Capulet/Montague fight and Mercutio,

Romeo's kinsman gets killed.Romeo's kinsman gets killed. Romeo fights back and kills Tybalt, Juliet's cousinRomeo fights back and kills Tybalt, Juliet's cousin He leaves to escape punishment.He leaves to escape punishment. The Capulet parents arrange for Paris to marry Juliet.The Capulet parents arrange for Paris to marry Juliet. Juliet gets Friar Lawrence's help to make her appear dead for 48 Juliet gets Friar Lawrence's help to make her appear dead for 48

hours.hours. Romeo hears she's dead, sees her in the tomb, takes poison he Romeo hears she's dead, sees her in the tomb, takes poison he

had gotten from an apothecary, and dies.had gotten from an apothecary, and dies. She wakes up, find him dead, and uses his dagger to kill herself.She wakes up, find him dead, and uses his dagger to kill herself.

Shakespeare’s ComediesShakespeare’s Comedies

Loves Labour's LostLoves Labour's Lost Twelfth Night Twelfth Night Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing The Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of Venice The Comedy of ErrorsThe Comedy of Errors The TempestThe Tempest The Winter’s TaleThe Winter’s Tale All’s Well That Ends Well All’s Well That Ends Well

Midsummer Night’s DreamMidsummer Night’s Dream Merry Wives of WindsorMerry Wives of Windsor Two Gentlemen of VeronaTwo Gentlemen of Verona As You Like It As You Like It Taming of the ShrewTaming of the Shrew Pericles, Prince of TyrePericles, Prince of Tyre CymbelineCymbeline Measure for MeasureMeasure for Measure Trolius and CressidaTrolius and Cressida

Shakespeare’s TragediesShakespeare’s Tragedies

HamletHamlet MacbethMacbeth Timon of AthensTimon of Athens Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet OthelloOthello

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar King LearKing Lear Titus AndronicusTitus Andronicus Antony and CleopatraAntony and Cleopatra CoriolanusCoriolanus

HistoriesHistories

Richard IIRichard II Richard IIIRichard III Henry IV, Part 1Henry IV, Part 1 Henry IV, Part 2Henry IV, Part 2 Henry VHenry V

Henry VI, Part 1Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI, Part 2Henry VI, Part 2 Henry VI, Part 3Henry VI, Part 3 Henry VIIIHenry VIII King JohnKing John